323 research outputs found
Psychopathological screening of children with ADHD: strengths and difficulties questionnaire in a pan-European study
No full textOBJECTIVE: To examine the psychometric properties of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) parent version and to determine the effects of age, gender, country and investigator type (paediatrician, child psychiatrist, other physician) on the SDQ scores in the prospective, non-interventional ADORE study. METHODS: The SDQ was completed for 1,459 children with ADHD (aged 6-18 years) in 10 European countries. RESULTS: Factor analysis provided an exact replication of the original 5-factor SDQ subscale structure. All subscales were sufficiently homogeneous. The mean total difficulties and SDQ subscale scores of the ADORE sample clearly differed from UK normative data. Younger children were more impaired on different SDQ scales than older children, and girls were more emotionally affected than boys. Differences between countries were found for each SDQ scale, but the investigator type had no significant effect. Correlation coefficients between SDQ scales and other scales used in ADORE ranged from low (r>0.30) to high (r<0.50). CONCLUSIONS: The present study confirmed the validity and reliability of the parent-reported SDQ scale structure and showed that the scale scores are dependent on age and gender. In contrast to investigator type, different cultures had a significant effect on SDQ scores. Correlations with other scales used in the ADORE study underline both separate domains and meaningful associations
Diarrhoeal diseases among adult population in an agricultural community Hanam province, Vietnam, with high wastewater and excreta re-use
No full textDespite the potential health risks of wastewater and excreta use as fertiliser in agriculture, it is still widespread in Vietnam. However, the importance of diarrheal risk in adults' associated with the combined exposures to both excreta and wastewater use in agriculture is largely unknown. This study was carried out to determine diarrhoeal incidence and associated risk factors among the adult population exposed to wastewater and excreta used in agriculture in Hanam province, Vietnam.; An open cohort of 867 adults, aged 16-65 years, was followed weekly for 12 months to determine the incidence of diarrhoea. A nested case-control study was used to assess the risk factors of diarrhoeal episodes. Two hundred and thirty-two pairs of cases and controls were identified and exposure information related to wastewater, human and animal excreta, personal hygiene practices, and food and water consumption was collected.; The incidence rate of reported diarrhoea was 0.28 episodes per person-years at risk. The risk factors for diarrhoeal diseases included direct contact with the Nhue River water (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, attributable fraction [AF] 27%), local pond water (OR = 2.3, AF 14%), composting of human excreta for a duration less than 3 months (OR = 2.4, AF 51%), handling human excreta in field work (OR = 5.4, AF 7%), handling animal excreta in field work (OR = 3.3, AF 36%), lack of protective measures while working (OR = 6.9, AF 78%), never or rarely washing hands with soap (OR = 3.3, AF 51%), use of rainwater for drinking (OR = 5.4, AF 77%) and eating raw vegetables the day before (OR = 2.4, AF 12%).; Our study shows that professional exposure to wastewater and excreta during agricultural activities are significantly contributing to the risk of diarrhoea in adults. The highest attributable fractions were obtained for direct contact with Nhue River and local ponds, handling practices of human and animal excreta as fertilisers, lack of protective measures while working and poor personal hygiene practices, and unsafe food and water consumption were associated with the risk of diarrhoeal episodes in adults. Improve personal hygiene practices and use of relevant treated wastewater and excreta as the public health measures to reduce these exposures will be most effective and are urgently warranted
Aesthetics of urban media façades
No full textThis paper sets out to develop and extend current literature on\ud
design practices for ambient media façades. It does this by\ud
bringing together theories of ambient media, computational\ud
aesthetics, and urban aesthetics. This unique theoretical\ud
combination has informed the design of several exemplars\ud
produced by the author, which are discussed as case studies
METAMOC; Modular Execution Time Analysis using Model Checking
No full textSafe and tight worst-case execution times (WCETs) are important when scheduling hard real-time systems. This paper presents METAMOC, a modular method, based on model checking and static analysis, that determines safe and tight WCETs for programs running on platforms featuring caching and pipelining. The method works by constructing a UPPAAL model of the program being analysed and annotating the model with information from an inter-procedural value analysis. The program model is then combined with a model of the hardware platform and model checked for the WCET. Through support for the platforms ARM7, ARM9 and ATMEL AVR 8-bit, the modularity and retargetability of the method are demonstrated, as only the pipeline needs to be remodelled. Hardware modelling is performed in a state-of-the-art graphical modelling environment. Experiments on the Mälardalen WCET benchmark programs show that taking caching into account yields much tighter WCETs than without modelling caches, and that METAMOC is a sufficiently fast and versatile approach for WCET analysis
Qualitative study of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) positives experiences of health care by hospitalization
No full textResume´ Titel: Kvalitativ studie af Methicillin resistent Staphyloccocus aureus (MRSA) positives oplevelser af sundhedsvæsenet ved indlæggelse på hospital Periode: 1. februar 2016 – 1. Juni 2016 Udarbejdet af: Krister Ripadal, 4. Semester, Folkesundhedsvidenskab Vejleder: Claus Dalsgaard Hansen Baggrund: Antibiotikaresistente bakterier udgør globalt en stigende trussel mod folkesundheden. MRSA er gennem de senere år øget eksplosivt i Danmark. For at undgå smittespredning med MRSA, har Sundhedsstyrelsen og Statens Serum Institut, udpeget en risikogruppe indenfor et erhverv, med hertil risiko for utilsigtede konsekvenser. Overholdelse af infektionshygiejniske retningslinjer er centrale for kvaliteten af pleje og patientsikkerhed i sundhedsvæsenet. Personer positive med Methicillinresistent Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) beskriver utilstrækkelig støtte og uprofessionel adfærd blandt sundhedspersonale. Dette interview fokuseres der på MRSA-positive, og deres oplevelser i mødet med det danske sundhedsvæsen ved hospitalisering. Formål: Formålet med dette speciale er at undersøge, hvordan MRSA-positive oplever mødet med sundhedsvæsenet ved hospitalisering samt ønskes det klarlagt om der er tale om stigmatisering af de MRSA-positive i mødet med sundhedsvæsenet. Metode: Empirien er indsamlet via ni kvalitative semistrukturerede interviews, bestående af: fire MRSA positive med erfaring fra hospitalisering, fire sundhedspersonale fra Aalborg Universitetshospital og en ekspert fra Rådgivningslinjen husdyr-MRSA, Statens Serum Institut. Fremkommen empiri analyseres og meningskondenseres, med udgangspunkt i Kvale og Brinkmanns stadier for analyse. Konklusion: Det konkluderes, at de MRSA-positive oplevelser af at føle sig dårligt behandlet, smittefarlig, møde med personale og behandlingsforløb, tilsammen opfylder Link & Phelans definitionen på stigmatisering. Der konkluderes, at de MRSA-positive er i behov af mere information om MRSA og om MRSA-retningslinjer på hospitalet. Ligeledes konkluderes det, at der findes et behov for en omarbejdelse af gældende MRSA-retningslinjer til en mere forståelig version som er tilpasset sundhedspersonalet. Forslag til forandring: Det er en begrænsning, at MRSA-retningslinjerne tolkes forskelligt af sundhedspersonalet, hvilket kan tyde på at personalet ikke fuldt ud forstår retningslinjerne eller at de ikke finder de eksisterende otte forskellige regionale retningslinjerne der skal søges op enkeltvis. Det er i følge specialet, behov for en sundhedsfremmende forandring i form af, en tydeligt, ensartet, nuanceret og enkelt forståelig regional retningslinje til klinisk brug, der man er opmærksom på et sprog som er anvendeligt for brugeren samt, at samle alle otte forskellige MRSA-retningslinjer til én retningslinje, som findes lettilgængelig på et og samme stede for sundhedspersonalet.Abstract Titel: Qualitative Study of Methicillin resistant Staphyloccocus aureus (MRSA) positives experiences of health care by hospitalization Period: February 1, 2016 - June 1, 2016 Author: Krister Ripadal, 4th semester, Public Health Science Supervisor: Claus Dalsgaard Hansen Introduction: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria present a growing global threat to public health. MRSA has in recent years increased explosively in Denmark. To prevent the spread of MRSA, the Health Protection Agency and Statens Serum Institut, appointed a risk group in a profession, with the risk of unintended consequences. Compliance with infection control guidelines is central to quality of care and patient safety in health care. Persons with positive Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) describe insufficient support and unprofessional behaviour among healthcare workers. This interview focuses on MRSA-positive, and their experience at the meeting with the Danish health of hospitalization. Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how MRSA-positive individuals' perception of health care by hospitalization. It is also requested clarification on the case of the stigma of the MRSA-positive in the meeting with health care. Methodology: Data are collected through nine qualitative semi-structured interviews, consisting of: interviews with four MRSA positive with experience from hospitalization, four health workers from Aalborg University and one expert from Statens Serum Institut. The empirical data is analysed, based on Kvale and Brinkmann's stages for analysis. Conclusion: It is concluded that the MRSA-positive experiences of feeling badly treated, infectious, meeting with staff and treatment, together meet the Link & Phelan definition of stigma. It is concluded that the MRSA-positive are in need of more information about MRSA and MRSA guidelines in the hospital. Similarly, it is concluded that there is a need for a recasting of the MRSA guidelines for a more understandable version tailored to healthcare professionals. Proposal for change: It is a limitation that MRSA guidelines are interpreted differently by health professionals, which may indicate that staff do not fully understand the guidelines or that they do not find the existing eight different regional guidelines to be searched up individually. It is a need for a health promotion change in the form of a distinct, uniform, balanced and easy to understand regional guideline for clinical use. Written in a language, which is useful for the user. There is also a need to collect all eight MRSA guidelines in one guideline, which are easily accessible on a single present for health staff
The Human Scale
No full textMiasto na ludzką miarę
Film The Human Scale reż. Andreas M. Dalsgaard (Dania, 2012) omawiany jest w kontekście najnowszych filmów dokumentalnych o podobnej tematyce, które pojawiają się na festiwalach poświęconych problematyce praw człowieka. The Human Scale jest przede wszystkim doskonałym wykładem idei duńskiego architekta i urbanisty Jana Gehla. Zrównoważono w nim i połączono wartości poznawcze, narzędzia perswazji i środki artystyczne, aby przekonać widza do myśli Gehla.The Human Scale
The Danish director Andreas M. Dalsgaard’s film The Human Scale (2012) is discussed in the context of recent documentaries on similar subjects that have been shown at human rights festivals. The Human Scale is primarily an excellent lecture on the ideas of Danish architect and urban planner Jan Gehl. The cognitive tools of persuasion and artistic means were equilibrated and combined in the film in order to convince the viewer of the value of Gehl’s concepts
SpideyBC: Static Resource Analysis of Safety-Critical Java Applications
No full textThis report documents the design and development of a software tool for statically analysing memory usage in Safety-Critical Java (SCJ) applications. The project acts as a natural extension of our previous work, "A study of Safety-Critical Java and its Specification Applied", in which we investigated the SCJ specification draft from September 2012 and developed a level 1 compliant use-case library of the Cubesat Space Protocol. From this work, we highlighted the difficulty of being able to properly specify the required storage parameters - an aspect that especially proved difficult for SCJ newcomers and to embedded system development in general.The developed tool, SpideyBC, draws on well established concepts from static program analysis including adaptions of acknowledged WCET techniques such as the Implicit Path Enumeration Technique (IPET). With SpideyBC, the developer can analyse one or more Java methods such as the handleAsyncEvent methods in order to find the maximum dynamic memory consumption and worst-case JVM stack sizes. The results are presented in a report that in a convenient and visual way shows information regarding worst-case execution paths, call graphs, control flow graphs, stacks etc. Furthermore, by using this tool, developers can analyse all methods that allocates in a private memory area, the mission memory area or the immortal memory area in order to get an indication of the worst possible storage size for the memory region in question - thus making the developer able to specify the respective storage parameters of an SCJ application.This report documents the design and development of a software tool for statically analysing memory usage in Safety-Critical Java (SCJ) applications. The project acts as a natural extension of our previous work, "A study of Safety-Critical Java and its Specification Applied", in which we investigated the SCJ specification draft from September 2012 and developed a level 1 compliant use-case library of the Cubesat Space Protocol. From this work, we highlighted the difficulty of being able to properly specify the required storage parameters - an aspect that especially proved difficult for SCJ newcomers and to embedded system development in general.The developed tool, SpideyBC, draws on well established concepts from static program analysis including adaptions of acknowledged WCET techniques such as the Implicit Path Enumeration Technique (IPET). With SpideyBC, the developer can analyse one or more Java methods such as the handleAsyncEvent methods in order to find the maximum dynamic memory consumption and worst-case JVM stack sizes. The results are presented in a report that in a convenient and visual way shows information regarding worst-case execution paths, call graphs, control flow graphs, stacks etc. Furthermore, by using this tool, developers can analyse all methods that allocates in a private memory area, the mission memory area or the immortal memory area in order to get an indication of the worst possible storage size for the memory region in question - thus making the developer able to specify the respective storage parameters of an SCJ application
The policy of free healthcare for children under the age of 6 years in Vietnam: assessment of the uptake for children hospitalised with acute diarrhoea in Ho Chi Minh City.
No full textOBJECTIVE: To assess the proportion of, and reasons for, households not utilising the policy of free healthcare for children under 6 years of age (FCCU6) for hospitalisation with diarrhoea, and assess the risk of catastrophic expenditure for households that forgo FCCU6 and pay out of pocket. METHODS: Invoices detailing insurance information and charges incurred from 472 hospitalised diarrhoeal cases in one paediatric hospital in Ho Chi Minh City were retrieved. Hospital charges and the utilisation of elective services were analysed for patients utilising and not utilising FCCU6. Associations between socio-economic factors with non-utilisation of FCCU6 were evaluated. RESULTS: Overall, 29% of patients were FCCU6 non-users. The FCCU6 non-users paid a median hospital charge of 18.57-46.24), consuming no more than 1.4% of a medium-income household's annual income. Seventy per cent of low-income FCCU6 non-users utilised less-expensive elective services, whereas only 43% of medium income patients and 21% of high-income patients did (P = 0.036). Patients from larger households and those with a parent working in government were more likely to use FCCU6. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of FCCU6 non-usage in this study population was 29%. A significant proportion of those that did not use FCCU6 was from lower income households and may perceive a justifiable cost-benefit ratio when forgoing FCCU6. Although a single diarrhoeal hospitalisation is unlikely to induce a catastrophic expenditure, FCCU6 non-usage may disproportionately increase the risk of catastrophic expenditure for lower income households over multiple illnesses
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