81 research outputs found
Is unitary and integral Yugoslavia possible?
No full textTitle: Bъзмοжнa πu e euòннa u uяπocmнa Юƨocπaeuя? Ha ƨpaнuyama мeжòy noπumuκama u фuπocoфuяma (Is unitary and integral Yugoslavia possible? On the borderline between politics and philosophy) Originally published: in the magazine Фuπocoфcκu npeƨπeò, IV, 1932, vol. III, pp. 197–227. Language: BulgarianThe excerpts used are from the original, pp. 213–214, 220, 221–223. About the author Dimitar Mihalchev [1880, Lozengrad (Tur. Kirklareli, present-day Turkey) – 1967, Sofia]: philosopher and diplom..
THE IDIOLECT OF REVEREND ECONOMOS DIMITAR POPNIKOLOV PETKANOV
Get PDFA less studied talented author and brother of the popular fiction writer Konstantin Petkanov, priest
Dimitar wrote in the 1950s. This publication analyzes several parameters of his idiolect: phonetic peculiarities (reflex of ѣ, ѫ,
ъ; epenthetic [l]; reflexes of the [tʃ] [dʒ] groups; phonetic dialectisms; phonetic doublets); morphological paradigm (case
inflections; noun form for number; dualis; nomina collectiva; extended Church Slavonic suffix for adjectives; dialectal and
contracted pronoun forms; a temporal system characterized by high frequency of the verbs in terms of origin, distribution and
stylistic differentiation); lexical specifics (in terms of origin, distribution and stylistic differentiation). Emphasis is placed on
those lexical layers that constitute and ditinguish the author’s language. Hapaxes (produced using morphological and non-
morphological methods), rare words, semantic transponents, dialectisms, colloquial vocabulary and foreign words are studied.
All linguistic phenomena are examined retrospectively and in comparison with the synchronous linguistic situation before and
after the orthographic reform of 1945 in order to highlight the innovative contribution and the mechanisms through which the
author enriched the contemporary Bulgarian vocabulary. Occasionalisms, dialectal and archaic units occur more often in
Petkanov’s poetic works than in his fiction. The source material has been excerpted from Volume 1 (January – March) and
Volume 2 (April – June) of the hagiographic tetralogy “The Year of Our Lord“ and the memoir “A Book about My Brother –
the Writer Konstantin N. Petkanov“, which were published a few years ago by Dimitar Petkanov’s heirs
Imperium Militiae(I)
No full textThe most common idea in Romance studies is that Romans, as practical people, didn’t conduct theoretical research on their country or their army, but they gradually built them both. Meanwhile, they reformed and upgraded it, so that they could respond to the challenges of their age. Moreover, the basis of their research was not explicit doctrines, or prior concepts, in fact they used their own, or the experience of others, to find concrete solutions to daily problems. Just as the Hellenic romanophile Polibius (200-120 B.C), in his work Historia, asks the crucial question: ”Is it possible to have such an unreliable man who is not interested in how the Romans, with their unicipal structure, managed to conquer the whole world”? - in the same way the author of this paper, as much as its content allows, humbly and unpretentiously tries to answer the crucial question: “What kind of military structure
created and defended one of the biggest and most enduring empires in world’s history, and what rules governed it”
AGING PROBLEMS AND RESIDUAL LIFE TIME EVALUATION OF THE SPENT FUEL STORAGE BUILDING STRUCTURE
No full textRizični čimbenici vimena važni za pojavu kliničkog mastitisa u mliječnih krava.
Get PDFA cross-sectional longitudinal survey was carried out between February 2009 and January 2010 to evaluate udder-related risk factors for clinical mastitis occurring in dairy herds. Data were used from three dairy farms. Research was divided into four calendar seasons. Cows with clinical mastitis were detected by clinical examination of the udder and determination of abnormalities in milk. Udder level variables, conformation characteristics of udder and teats and teat end to floor distances were included in the logistic regression analysis. The estimated incidence risk for CM in the population of dairy cows observed was 85.02 cases per 100 cowyears at risk. The relative risk of CM was lower for primiparous cows, and increased with further parity. The median number of days in milk at diagnosis was 108 days, ranging from a median of 55 to 150 days in lactation. The rear udder quarters had a higher risk of CM incidence compared to the front udder quarters. A Chi square test revealed that farm management and cow parity were significantly connected with incidence of clinical mastitis. Spring was the season with the highest percentage of diagnosed cases of CM, with the exception of farm A, where Fall was the season with the highest percentage of cases. All udder level factors entered in the models were significantly linked with the occurrence of CM. The odds ratio of CM increased significantly as udder morphology worsened, teat ends were flat and the distance from teat ends to floor decreased. It was concluded that conformation udder traits could be used for the genetic selection of dairy cows for mastitis resistance.Između veljače 2009. i siječnja 2010. provedeno je presječno longitudinalno istraživanje s ciljem procjene vimena kao rizičnog čimbenika kod pojave kliničkog mastitisa u stadima mliječnih krava. Korišteni su podatci s tri farme, a istraživanje je podijeljeno u četiri kalendarske sezone. Krave s kliničkim mastitisom otkrivane su uz pomoć kliničkog pregleda vimena i utvrđivanjem abnormalnosti u mlijeku. Vime, konformacija vimena i sisa, te udaljenost od vrha sisa do poda uključeni su kao varijable u analizu logističkom regresijom. Procijenjeni rizik incidencije za klinički mastitis u promatranoj populaciji mliječnih krava bio je 85,02 slučaja na 100 krava s rizikom. Relativni rizik za klinički mastitis bio je niži kod prvotelki i povišen kod višetelki. Medijan za vrijeme postavljene dijagnoze iznosio je 108 dana, uz granične vrijednosti od 55 do 150 dana laktacije. Stražnje četvrti vimena imale su veći rizik incidencije za klinički mastitis u usporedbi s prednjim četvrtima. Hi-kvadrat testom utvrđeno je da management farme i redni broj telenja krave pokazaju signifikantnu povezanost s incidencijom kliničkog mastitisa. Proljeće je bila sezona s najvišim postotkom dijagnosticiranih slučajeva kliničkog mastitisa, uz izuzetak farme A na kojoj je to bila jesen. Svi čimbenici koji se odnose na vime uključeni u model bili su signifikantno povezani s pojavom kliničkog mastitisa. Omjer izgleda za klinički mastitis signifikantno je porastao s pogoršanjem morfologije vimena, vrhovi sisa bili su pločasti, a udaljenost od vrha sisa do poda je opadala. Zaključeno je da obilježja konformacije vimena mogu biti korištena u genetskoj selekciji mliječnih krava s ciljem veće otpornosti na mastitis
The effect of thermal environment on daily milk yield of dairy cows
Get PDFThe primary objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of environmental air temperatures on the milk production of dairy cows. Therefore, the experiment was carried out at the height of summer (from 15th of June to 15th of September) in three small family dairy farms and one commercial dairy farm. In total, 51 dairy cows from the black-white breed were subjected
to the study. The season of research was divided into three periods: the period before the hot season, the period of the hot season and the period after the hot season. In each period there were three test days selected that were used for recording the air temperature inside and outside the barns and cow’s daily milk yield. Unvaried associations between the test day milk yield of cows and independent environmental and cow factors were done using the linear mixed model for repeated measurements. The statistical model showed that the farm management system and the hot season of the year had significant infl uence on daily milk yield per cow at the level of p<0.001. The test day per periods of the season when milk control was performed and the average test day environmental temperature showed statistically significant influence on daily milk yield per cow at level p<0.01. The present results revealed that environmental air temperatures contributes to considerable loss in the milk production of dairy cows
Udder-related risk factors for clinical mastitis in dairy cows
Get PDFA cross-sectional longitudinal survey was carried out between February 2009 and January 2010 to evaluate udder-related risk factors for clinical mastitis occurring in dairy herds. Data were used from three dairy farms. Research was divided into four calendar seasons. Cows with clinical mastitis were detected by clinical examination of the udder and determination of abnormalities in milk. Udder level variables, conformation characteristics of udder and teats and teat end to fl oor distances were included in the logistic regression analysis. The estimated incidence risk for CM in the population of dairy cows observed was 85.02 cases per 100 cow-years at risk. The relative risk of CM was lower for primiparous cows, and increased with further parity. The median number of days in milk at diagnosis was 108 days, ranging from a median of 55 to 150 days in lactation. The rear udder quarters had a higher risk of CM incidence compared to the front udder quarters. A Chi square test revealed that farm management and cow parity were signifi cantly connected with incidence of clinical mastitis. Spring was the season with the highest percentage of diagnosed cases of CM, with the exception of farm A, where Fall was the season with the highest percentage of cases. All udder level factors entered in the models were signifi cantly linked with the occurrence of CM. The odds ratio of CM increased signifi cantly as udder morphology worsened, teat ends were fl at and the distance from teat ends to fl oor decreased. It wa
Temperature-humidity index is associated with heat stress and milk yield of dairy cows
Get PDFExposure of dairy cows to a thermal environment is a major risk factor for decreased milk production, especially in high-yielding cows. Temperature humidity index (THI) is an important indicator of heat stress loading. Heat stress in dairy cows occurs when THI is higher than 72. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of THI on the daily production of dairy cows. The survey was conducted in the summer season from 15th of June to 15th of September. There were include two small family dairy farms with installed cooling systems for microclimate controlling. Totally 18 dairy cows from Holstein black-white breed were subjected to the study (6 cows in farm A and 12 cows in farm B). During the trial period daily average air temperature and relative humidity, as well THI were calculated from the hourly data gained from the automated temperature and humidity data loggers on-farm. The daily milk yield per cow was estimate as sum of milk yield gaining during the morning and evening milking. Test-days data were analyzed using General linear model, univariate procedure to determine the threshold of THI and heat stress and their influence on decline of milk production. The value of THI was ranged from 61.82 to 89.34, which indicates the existence of the moderate intensity of heat stress. THI was in a significant negative correlation with the milk yield and there was existing high positive correlation between THI and heat stress. The present results revealed that the combined effects of air temperature and humidity associated with the level of thermal stress make the considerable loss in the milk production of the dairy cows.
Keywords: lactation, dairy barn, thermal comfor
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