1,721,080 research outputs found
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF DRYOPTERIS NIGROPALEACEA PLANT POWDER AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM AND ITS EFFECT ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF TOMATO UNDER POT CONDITIONS
No full textFungal pathogens in crops are being controlled by using synthetic fungicides, but all these fungicides have adverse effects. Herein, the antifungal activity of Dryopteris nigropaleacea (Dn.) and its allelopathy was investigated first time by soil amendment in pots against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in terms of morpho-biochemical attributes at conidial densities of Fol 1, 2 and 3 (1×107, 2×107, and 3×107 CFU/mL). Morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis of fungal culture isolate (FI 3005) confirmed that our isolate resembled Fol with 98% similarity index with MW497420 F. oxysporum. High concentrations of plant powder of D. nigropaleacea were found to be inhibitory in nature. Incorporation of Dn 1 concentration (0.025%) of D. nigropaleacea was found to be the most feasible concentration as it resulted in an increase in morphological and biochemical parameters of tomato plants by decreasing the disease incidence (DI) and disease severity (DS) by 60 and 65.2%, respectively, and by improving antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was also reduced by 50% for both DI and DS in Dn 1 treated plants, when compared with Fol 3, after 80 days of inoculation
Physiological and oxidative stress responses of lettuce to cleomside A: a thiohydroximate, as a new allelochemical from Cleome arabica L.
Full text linkThe inclination toward natural products have led the onset for the discovery of new bioactive metabolites that could be targeted for specific therapeutic or agronomic applications. This study aimed to isolate bioactive compounds from Cleome arabica L., and subsequently determine the unexplored mechanism of action of the newly identified compounds on Lactuca sativa L. Chemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic silique extract of C. arabica afforded seven secondary metabolites belonging to different classes such as flavonoids, triterpene, and a new thiohydroximate derivative, named cleomside A. Among phytotoxic assays, the growth of lettuce was totally inhibited by cleomside A compared to the other identified compounds. This effect was associated with the increased levels of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde, and hydrogen peroxide indicating disruption of membrane integrity and induction of oxidative stress. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and APX were also elevated, thereby demonstrating the enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species upon identified allelochemical exposure. Thus, the changes caused by cleomside A described herein can contribute to better understanding the allelochemical actions of thiohydroximate and the potential use of these substances in the production of natural herbicides compared to the other identified flavonoids and triterpene
Soil amendment with Chenopodium album mitigated the deleterious effects of Fusarium wilt in chilies by modulating the biochemical and physiological attributes
No full textThe use of synthetic fungicides to control Fusarium wilt disease in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici (Foc) has detrimental effects, indicating the need for nature friendly alternatives. So, in the present study, antifungal activity of Chenopodium album L. was investigated against the Fusarium wilt of chilies under pot conditions, employing 2 concentrations of C. album and Foc. The treatments were also included to investigate the individual effects of dead Foc (DFoc) as well as C. album to evaluate their effects on the morphological, biochemical and physiological attributes of chili plants. One percent of C. album concentration exhibited positive allelopathy, thereby significantly controlled the wilt disease in chili plants, leading to increases in plant height, dry biomass, chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), and carotenoid content by 20, 13, 43, 35, and 8%, respectively, as compared to Foc1. Additionally, the C. album amendment spiked the activities of antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), by 13, 20, and 26%, respectively, and significantly enhanced the photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and intercellular CO2 (Ci) by 20, 29, 20, and 4%, respectively, in comparison to chili plants inoculated with Foc1
The thin line between pathogenicity and endophytism: The case of Lasiodiplodia theobromae
No full textMany fungi reported for endophytic occurrence are better known as plant pathogens on different crops, raising questions about their actual relationships with the hosts and other plants in the biocoenosis and about the factors underlying the lifestyle shift. This paper offers an overview of the endophytic occurrence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Dothideomycetes, Botryosphaeriaceae), a species known to be able to colonize many plants as both an endophyte and a pathogen. Prevalently spread in tropical and subtropical areas, there are concerns that it may propagate to the temperate region following global warming and the increasing trade of plant materials. The state of the art concerning the biochemical properties of endophytic strains of this species is also examined with reference to a range of biotechnological applications
The genus cladosporium: A rich source of diverse and bioactive natural compounds
No full textFungi are renowned as one of the most fruitful sources of chemodiversity and for their ubiquitous occurrence. Among the many taxonomic groupings considered for the implications deriving from their biosynthetic aptitudes, the genus Cladosporium stands out as one of the most common in indoor environments. A better understanding of the impact of these fungi on human health and activities is clearly based on the improvement of our knowledge of the structural aspects and biological properties of their secondary metabolites, which are reviewed in the present paper
The current status on secondary metabolites produced by fungi of the genus Diplodia associated with plants
No full textFungi of the genus Diplodia have a worldwide distribution and are typically associated with plants. Diplodia is well‐known for the diseases it causes on economically and ecologically relevant plants. In particular, this fungal genus is responsible of various symptoms of plant diseases, including shoot blights, dieback, cankers and fruit rots. In the last decades, literature concerning metabolites produced by Diplodia species has been significantly enriched by many reports dealing with the biosynthetic potential of this fungal genus. Several polyketide- and terpenoid-derived compounds have been reported, demonstrating the biosynthetic arsenal of this fungal genus. Investigations on the biological properties of compounds isolated from in vitro cultures of these fungi have proved a broad spectrum of biological functions. In particular, bioassays disclosed that antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities are the most notable bioactivities of secondary metabolites isolated from this genus. Hence, the present review is intended as reference guide to metabolites produced by fungi currently belong to the genus Diplodia, emphasizing the implication of their occurrence, absolute configuration determinations and the structure–activity relationships
Essential Oils in Citrus Fruit Ripening and Postharvest Quality
No full textCitrus essential oils (EOs) are widely used as flavoring agents in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetical and chemical industries. For this reason, their demand is constantly increasing all over the world. Besides industrial applications, the abundance of EOs in the epicarp is particularly relevant for the quality of citrus fruit. In fact, these compounds represent a natural protection against postharvest deteriorations due to their remarkable antimicrobial, insecticidal and antioxidant activities. Several factors, including genotype, climatic conditions and cultural practices, can influence the assortment and accumulation of EOs in citrus peels. This review is focused on factors influencing variation of the EOs’ composition during ripening and on the implications on postharvest quality of the fruit
The Marine-Derived Filamentous Fungi in Biotechnology
No full textFor a long time considered as essentially terrestrial organisms, filamentous fungi have recently disclosed to be widespread in marine habitats. Such a pervasiveness not only concerns obligate marine species but also a multitude of taxa known from disparate terrestrial substrates whose occurrence at sea, at first considered incidental, is now regarded as an evidence of extreme ecological flexibility. Actually, the peculiar physico-chemical properties of the marine environment are presumed to have induced special physiological adaptations that could be considered in view of a possible biotechnological exploitation of fungal strains recovered from marine sources. The potential of filamentous fungi reported from marine contexts for the manifold applications in biotechnology involving microbial strains is revised in this chapter
Phytopathogenic Fungi and Toxicity
No full textPhytopathogen fungi are responsible for serious plant diseases which might negatively affect crop productivity [...
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