384 research outputs found
The 'Mini-Jupette' technique for climacturia: a systematic review
No full textBackground:The leakage of urine during sexual arousal, known as climacturia, is an under-recognized clinical condition often overshadowed by erectile dysfunction in men who have undergone radical prostatectomy.Objectives:This study aims to determine and evaluate the role of the Mini-Jupette technique and its alternatives in the treatment of climacturia.Data sources and methods:We conducted a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for systematic reviews. We searched Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases until October 2022.Results:We included seven studies involving 120 patients with climacturia. Different types of grafts were used, ranging from synthetic mesh to autologous grafts. In all seven studies, the use of the Adrianne Mini-Jupette (AMJ) and its alternatives showed a high percentage of improvement in climacturia, with reported complete resolution ranging from 65% to 93%. Regarding postoperative complications, one study reported the highest sling explantation rate at 11% (4/38), while other studies reported complications ranging from subjective symptoms such as dysuria and perineal pain to the need for subsequent artificial urinary sphincter placement.Conclusion:The AMJ sling and its variations are low-cost, time-efficient, and relatively safe procedures with high patient satisfaction rates among those treated for climacturia.The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article
Data Set of PLOS Computational Paper PCOMPBIOL-D-18-02181R1
No full textFigures Data of PLOS Computational paper:Modeling of the axon plasma membrane structure and its effects on protein diffusionAuthors: Yihao Zhang, Anastasios V. Tzingounis, and George LykotrafitisCorresponding Author: George Lykotrafitis, Ph.D.University of ConnecticutStorss, CT UNITED STATES</div
The state of modern Greek language as spoken in Victoria
No full textDeposited with permission of the author. © 1986 Dr. Anastasios TamisThis thesis reports a sociolinguistic study, carried out between 1981 and 1984, of the state of the Modern Greek (MG) language in Australia, as spoken by native-speaking first-generation Greek immigrants in Victoria. Particular emphasis is given to the analysis of those characteristics of the linguistic behaviour of these Greek Australians which can be attributed to the contact with English and to other environmental, social and linguistic influence. (For complete abstract open document
New historical evidence for Anastasios Emm. Papas
No full textNo AbstractThe author’s attention has been drawn to the existence of this historicalevidence in the National Archives of Vienna, by his friend the writer EteoclesGregoriadis together with the numbers of the relevant files. Most of the documents were written in the old German script. Thus the author asked for the help of his friend and former colleague at the University of Thessaloniki and director of the Goethe Institute, Graf Kurt v. Posadowsky, for reading andstudying those documents. Without his help this study would have been impossible. This new evidence concerns the sojourn of Anastasios Papas·—son of Emmanuel Papas, leading figure of the Greek Revolution—in Austria andGermany between the 3rd January and 11th March 1822. There is informationabout his short imprisonment in Trieste, after his arival from Vienna. He then visits various towns in Germany and after negotiations with the Philhellene professor Fr. Thiersch in Munich, he purchases large quantities of ammunition to be despatched to Greece. He finally arrives in Greece early in 1824, and takes part—together with his three brothers who were already fighting—in the struggle for the liberation of the common great fartheland
Acceleration of solar energetic particles: the case of solar ares
No full textSolar energetic particles are believed to originate from two di erent sources, solar ares and coronal mass ejections. These two sources are the most energetic particle accelerators in the heliosphere, as they can accelerate electrons from 10 keV to a few MeV and protons from a few MeV to a few GeV. In this contribution, we restrict our presentation to the case of solar ares, by reviewing the key observations of solar energetic particles, as well as the theoretical acceleration models, such as wave– particle acceleration, DC electric elds, and shock acceleration. Finally, we present a new theoretical approach connecting the acceleration with the energy release during sola
A Monte Carlo simulation study of collimators for a high-spatial-resolution Gamma Emission Tomography instrument
No full textThe present master thesis concerns a study of collimator designs for a high-spatial-resolution Gamma Emission Tomography (GET) instrument for used fuels utilizing Monte Carlo simulation codes. Designing a collimator for this purpose is a multilateral process that requires many interconnected and conflicting objectives to be taken into consideration. The purpose is to design a high-spatial-resolution GET system that combines in the best way the properties of a high detector count-rate, high photopeak to total spectrum ratio, low detector dead time and low leaking background radiation through the collimator material. As to achieve the best trade-off among these objectives, the GEANT4 and the Serpent 2 simulation codes were implemented. Used fuel contains various γ-ray emitting radionuclides and depending on the burnup history and cooling time their absolute intensities vary (i.e. for higher γ-ray intensity from the fuel, bigger collimator length is demanded). For this reason, Serpent 2 was used to produce long- and short-cooled fuel gamma emission spectra of low and high burnup. According to the obtained spectra, the collimator slit dimensions and material were determined. As far as the collimator length and material is concerned, the GEANT4 simulation toolkit was used to deal with shielding problems by applying the geometry splitting/Russian roulette variance reduction techniques. Serpent 2 simulations were performed in order to determine the transmitted signal intensity through the slit for various slit height and width dimensions. Finally, it was investigated the peak-to-total ratio change for different slit sizes and when a cavity structure was added along the slit length.Denna uppsats handlar om kollimatordesign för hög rumsupplösning i gammaemissionstomografi (GET) av använt kärnbränsle genom att använda Monte Carlo-simuleringskoder. Att konstruera en kollimator för detta syfte är en process som kräver hänsyn till sammankopplande och ibland konflikterande målsättningar. Målet är att designa en GET-system som på bästa sätt kombinerar följande specifikationer: hög räknehastighet i detektorn, hög peak-to-total ratio, låg detektors dödtid och låg bakgrund från läckage genom skärmingsmaterialet. För att uppnå bästa möjliga resultat mellan dessa punkter användes simuleringskoderna GEANT4 och Serpent 2. Använt kärnbränsle innehåller varierande radionuklider och beroende på deras utbränning och nedkylningstid deras emissioner (absolutintensitet) varierar (t.ex större kollimatorers längd krävs vid högre intensitet från bränslet). Serpent 2 har använts för att beräkna gammaemisionsspektra för lång- och kort-kylda bränslen med låga och höga utbränningar. Med dessa hypotetiska bränslen, har spaltdimensioner och material undersökts. Beträffande spaltlängden och materialval användes GEANT4 genom att tillämpa variansreduktionsteknikerna geometry splitting/Russian roulette. Spaltbredden och spalthöjden hittades med Serpent 2 genom att beräkna transmissionssignal genom spalter av varierande dimensioner. Slutligen, undersöktes hur peak-to-total ratio ändras för olika spaltmått och även när en kavitet introduceras i kollimatorn
Special Issue: Tsallis Entropy
No full textOne of the crucial properties of the Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy in the context of classical thermodynamics is extensivity, namely proportionality with the number of elements of the system. The Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy satisfies this prescription if the subsystems are statistically (quasi-) independent, or typically if the correlations within the system are essentially local. In such cases the energy of the system is typically extensive and the entropy is additive. In general, however, the situation is not of this type and correlations may be far from negligible at all scales. Tsallis in 1988 introduced an entropic expression characterized by an index q which leads to a non-extensive statistics. Tsallis entropy, Sq, is the basis of the so called non-extensive statistical mechanics, which generalizes the Boltzmann-Gibbs theory. Tsallis statistics have found applications in a wide range of phenomena in diverse disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, economics, geophysics, etc. The focus of this special issue of Entropy was to solicit contributions that apply Tsallis entropy in various scientific fields. [...
CELLULAR AUTOMATA MODELS: A SANDPILE MODEL APPLIED IN FUSION ∗ SUMMARY
No full textWe present the basic properties of a simple cellular automaton (CA) model proposed for the study of turbulence and turbulent transport in magnetically confined plasmas. The CA is a running sandpile model, based on the Self Organized Criticality (SOC). Such a model, despite its simplicity, provides useful insights regarding the dynamics of magnetically confined plasmas. 1 CELLULAR AUTOMATA AND SELF ORGANIZED CRITICALITY The purpose of this contribution is to introduce the key elements of a sandpile model, based on the Self Organized Criticality (SOC), that could provide the computational investigation of the dynamics for the case of magnetically confined plasmas. In this section, it is important to give several useful definitions, such as what is a spatially extended dynamical system, how we can study it, what is the Self Organized Critical (SOC) state and what are the basic properties that a system has at the SOC state. A spatially extended dynamical system is a system with both temporal and spatial degrees of freedom. Here the term degrees of freedom corresponds to the independent field variables which are necessary to describe the state of the system. Such a syste
Calculation of γ-ray source spectra for used LWR nuclear fuels
No full textThe present project aims to provide the γ-ray source spectrum (the gamma energies and their intensities) for a nuclear fuel, given its physical dimensions, its enrichment and the detailed knowledge of the burnup history. In a nuclear reactor, the nuclide concentrations within the nuclear fuel change due to nuclear transmutation caused by neutron irradiation and due to the radioactive decay during and after the irradiation. This alteration in the fuel composition is simulated in this project with a burnup-mode simulation using the reactor physics code Serpent 2. A second Serpent 2 photon-mode simulation follows as to evaluate the γ-radiation spectrum from the respective nuclides produced in the first simulation. Finally, the γ-ray mass attenuation coefficients for selected energies are evaluated by combining the fuel elemental concentrations with the corresponding mass attenuation coefficients for fresh fuel based on NIST XCOM database. To facilitate the repeated evaluation of the γ-ray source spectrum, a custom-made MATLAB® function, GetEmissions, that initiates the Serpent 2 simulations was created. This function utilizes the user input data, which are the fuel dimensions, the fuel enrichment and the burnup history, as to automatically create an input for the Serpent 2 code. Afterwards, it executes burnup and photon simulations, and finally extracts the data sought for, which are the emitted by the fuel γ-ray energies and their intensities (γ-ray source spectrum). In addition, for the given fuel characteristics, the function provides the mass attenuation coefficient for a selected γ-ray passing the fuel. Using the GetEmissions function, the gamma spectra from ten nuclear burnup history cases representing a scan through low and high burnup and short, medium and long cooling times are calculated. The resulting top ten gamma energies are listed by absolute intensity, and information about the mother nuclide and the decay is provided
Assessing the Predictability of Solar Energetic Particles with the Use of Machine Learning Techniques
No full textA consistent approach for the inherently imbalanced problem of solar energetic particle (SEP) events binary prediction is being presented. This is based on solar flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) data and combinations of both thereof. We exploit several machine learning (ML) and conventional statistics techniques to predict SEPs. The methods used are logistic regression (LR), support vector machines (SVM), neural networks (NN) in the fully connected multi-layer perceptron (MLP) implementation, random forests (RF), decision trees (DTs), extremely randomized trees (XT) and extreme gradient boosting (XGB). We provide an assessment of the methods employed and conclude that RF could be the prediction technique of choice for an optimal sample comprised by both flares and CMEs. The best-performing method gives a Probability of Detection (POD) of 0.76(±0.06), False Alarm Rate (FAR) of 0.34(±0.10), true skill statistic (TSS) 0.75(±0.05), and Heidke skill score (HSS) 0.69(±0.04). We further show that the most important features for the identification of SEPs, in our sample, are the CME speed, width and flare soft X-ray (SXR) fluence.The CME Catalog used in this work is generated and maintained at the CDAW Data
Center by NASA and The Catholic University of America in cooperation with the Naval Research Laboratory. Funding for the early phase of the catalog was provided by AFOSR and NSF. Currently, the catalog resides at the CDAW Data Center at Goddard Space Flight Center and is supported by NASA’s Living with a Star program and the SOHO project. SOHO is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. Angels Aran and Athanasios Papaioannou acknowledge the support from the project MDM-2014-0369 of
ICCUB (Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”). Athanasios Papaioannou and Anastasios Anastasiadis further gratefully acknowledge International Space Science Institute (ISSI) support to the ISSI International Team 441: High EneRgy sOlar partICle events analysis (HEROIC, https://www.issibern.ch/teams/heroic/) In addition, Athanasios Papaioannou acknowledges ISSI support to the ISSI International Team 464: The Role
Of Solar And Stellar Energetic Particles On (Exo)Planetary Habitability (ETERNAL, https://www.issibern.ch/teams/exoeternal/). Angels Aran acknowledges the support by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) under grant PID2019-105510GB-C31 and through the “Center of Excellence María de Maeztu 2020-20” award to the ICCUB (CEX2019-000918-M)
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