18,772,452 research outputs found
Gains from trade liberalization with imperfectly competitive world markets. A note.
No full textThe paper shows how analyses assuming perfect competition can yield a distorted estimation of the expected effects of a trade liberalization when market imperfections exist. The analytical framework adopted is very simple and three extreme imperfect market structures are considered. In the first case, the exporting country maximizes its producer and consumer surplus by intervening in the world market. The second market imperfection considered is the existence of a private firm playing the role of "pure middleman" in the world market. Then the case of a producer-owned marketing board which is granted exclusive export authority is addressed. It is shown that estimates of the impact of a tariff reduction in terms of prices and volume traded obtained assuming perfect competition when this postulate does not hold, are distorted. When domestic demand and supply functions are assumed to be linear, the impact is overestimated; a ranking of the size of such distortions in the three cases analyzed is provided. When no restriction is imposed on the demand and supply functions, the error in the estimated impact of a tariff reduction involves the magnitude as well as the sign of the expected changes in prices and volume traded. Finally, it is proved that when a private firm exerts monopoly and monopsony power in the world market, both the importing and the exporting countries may well be better off if, rather than making a move towards trade liberalization, the importing country "compensates" the exporting country by means of a direct transfer. El artÃculo muestra cómo los análisis que incorporan el supuesto de competencia perfecta pueden proporcionar una estimación distorsionada de los efectos esperados de una liberación del comercio en presencia de imperfecciones de mercado . Adoptando un marco analÃtico muy sencillo, se consideran tres casos extremos de imperfecciones de mercado. En el primero, el paÃs exportador maximiza los excedentes del productor y consumidor interviniendo en el mercado mundial. El segundo es el caso de una empresa privada que desempeña en el mercado mundial un papel de "intermediario puro". El último trata de una junta de comercialización, propiedad de productores que han conseguido derechos exclusivos de exportación. En este trabajo se demuestra la existencia de una desviación de las estimaciones del impacto de una reducción de aranceles sobre los precios y el volumen comercializado cuando en el análisis se supone competencia perfecta y dicho supuesto no se cumple. Además si las funciones de demanda y oferta domésticas son lineales, el impacto precedente queda sobreestimado. Asimismo, en el trabajo se presenta una ordenación de la magnitud de dichas desviaciones para cada uno de los tres casos analizados. Cuando no se impone ninguna restricción sobre las funciones de demanda y oferta, el error de estimación afecta tanto a la magnitud como al signo de los cambios esperados en precios y volumen comercializado, como consecuencia de una reducción de aranceles. Finalmente, se demuestra que, cuando una empresa privada ejerce un poder de monopolio y de monopsonio en el mercado mundial, tanto los paÃses importadores como los exportadores pueden beneficiarse si, en lugar de inclinarse hacia la liberalización del comercio, el paÃs importador "compensa" al paÃs exportador mediante una transferencia directa. Palabras clave: liberalización del comercio; mercados imperfectos; monopolio; monopsonio; junta de comercialización.trade liberalization, imperfect markets, monopoly, monopsony, marketing board, International Relations/Trade, F12, F13, Q17, Q18,
Anania egentalis
No full text<i>Anania egentalis</i> (Christoph, 1881) <p> <i>Botys verbascalis</i> var. <i>egentalis</i> Christoph, 1881: 19.</p> <p>TL: Russia, Amur region.</p> <p> Syn.: <i>Anania fuscoverbascalis</i> Mutuura, 1954: 15–16, pl. 5 fig. 26, pl. 9 fig. 50.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> No material was available for examination in this study.</p> <p> <b>Distribiution.</b> Russian Far East (Amur Region), Japan (Inoue 1988; Nuss <i>et al</i>. 2003 –2022). This species has been reported from Iran (Golestan Province: Gorgan) as <i>Anania verbascalis egentalis</i> Christoph by Mirzayans & Kalali (1970).</p> <p> <b> Genus <i>Psammotis</i> Hübner, 1825</b> </p>Published as part of <i>Alipanah, Helen, Asselbergs, Jan, Malm, Tobias & Slamka, František, 2023, Taxonomic study of the subfamily Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Iran, pp. 1-82 in Zootaxa 5289 (1)</i> on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5289.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7959127">http://zenodo.org/record/7959127</a>
Peter Anania of Anania Associates attended Gov. King\u27s trade mission to Mexico l
No full textPeter Anania of Anania Associates attended Gov. King\u27s trade mission to Mexico last year, an example of the prospects from the Maine International Trade Center (MITCA). MITC is a big change from Maine\u27s poor performance under previous administrations. Details
Anania testacealis
No full textAnania testacealis (Zeller, 1847) Mljet, Goveđari 12.09.2008 (coll. Kučinić)Published as part of Gumhalter, Danijela, Kučinić, Mladen & Šašić, Martina, 2020, Data on pyraloid moth specimens (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) held in the collections of CNHM in Zagreb, Croatia, pp. 37-66 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/432145
Anania ochrofascialis
No full text236. Anania ochrofascialis (Christoph, 1882) Zerny 1914: 333; Slamka 2013: 298 ([Kyrgyzstan] Issyk Kul). Urumbash, 17.VII.2016, 1 male.Published as part of Sinev, Sergey Yu. & Korb, Stanislav K., 2022, A preliminary list of the Pyraloid moths (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) of Kyrgyzstan, pp. 101-136 in Zootaxa 5138 (2) on page 126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5138.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/655684
Anania luctualis
No full textAnania luctualis (Hübner, 1793) Obljaj 20.05.1904 (coll. Koča)Published as part of Gumhalter, Danijela, Kučinić, Mladen & Šašić, Martina, 2020, Data on pyraloid moth specimens (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) held in the collections of CNHM in Zagreb, Croatia, pp. 37-66 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/432145
Anania Širakac‘i's k‘nnikon Reconsidered
No full textArmenian medieval sources record that the seventh-century mathematician Anania Širakac‘i was commissioned with the creation of a perpetual calendar for the Armenians. These include Step‘anos Tarōnec‘i (eleventh century), who uses the term k‘nnikon in reference to Širakac‘i’s work, the exact meaning of which has been matter of debate. Scholars have suggested that it was a synonym of ‘chronicle’, and that it may have been used to indicate Širakac‘i’s perpetual calendar. The present article explores this idea further, comparing evidence in Armenian, Syriac and Georgian that had not been taken into account before in this context, showing that k‘nnikon was used to refer to an era based on an Easter cycle, a computus, and its use in Tarōnec‘i’s History may indicate Easter tables attributed to Anania Širakac‘i
Anania perlucidalis
No full textAnania perlucidalis (Hübner, 1809) Vinkovci, Slavonia 03.06. (coll. Koča)Published as part of Gumhalter, Danijela, Kučinić, Mladen & Šašić, Martina, 2020, Data on pyraloid moth specimens (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) held in the collections of CNHM in Zagreb, Croatia, pp. 37-66 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/432145
Anania funebris
No full textAnania funebris (Ström, 1768) Dilj 20.04.1901 (coll. Koča); Zagreb 25.04.1904 (coll. Koča)Published as part of Gumhalter, Danijela, Kučinić, Mladen & Šašić, Martina, 2020, Data on pyraloid moth specimens (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea) held in the collections of CNHM in Zagreb, Croatia, pp. 37-66 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 44, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/432145
Ragionamento sulla lingua del testo Misnico ossia : progetto d'aumentare la lingua ebrea colle voci del testo Misnico onde arricchire una tale lingua
No full textdal Anania CoenTeilw. in hebr. Schr
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