103 research outputs found
Birthing positions to prevent major perineum tears and the need for episiotomy
No full textUvod: Ženske so med vaginalnim porodom izpostavljene velikem tveganju za poškodbe presredka. Do le te lahko pride zaradi spontane raztrganine tkiva ali namernega prereza presredka oziroma epiziotomije. Najpogostejša težava, s katero se ženske s poškodbo presredka srečujejo, je perinealna bolečina oziroma bolečina presredka. Zaradi pogoste pojavnosti teh težav pri ženskah v poporodnem obdobju so strokovnjaki pričeli z iskanjem metod, ki bi pripomogle k zmanjšanju pojavnosti poškodb presredka. Ena od metod, ki so jo z raziskavami dokazali za uspešno, je tudi uporaba porodnih položajev med porodom. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pomočjo pregleda strokovne literature ugotoviti, kako lahko uporaba porodnih položajev v drugi porodni dobi vpliva na zmanjšano pojavnost epiziotomij ter hujših raztrganin presredka. Metode dela: Za raziskovalni del diplomske naloge smo izvedli sistematični pregled slovenske in tuje literature. Literatura je bila izbrana s pomočjo strokovne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani na Zdravstveni fakulteti ter iskanja v različnih podatkovnih bazah: COBISS, DiKUL, PubMed, Wiley Online Library ter Google Schoolar. Za iskanje literature smo uporabili ključne besede v slovenskem jeziku: »alternativni porodni položaji«, »položaji v drugi porodni dobi«, »preprečevanje epiziotomije« ter v angleškem jeziku: »positions for labour«, »alternative birth positions«, »epiziotomy in birthing positions«, »birthing positions during second stage of labour«. Rezultati: S pomočjo PRIZMA diagrama smo prikazali shematski prikaz pridobljene literature, kjer smo s pomočjo ključnih besed, omejitvenih kriterijev in postopnega izločevanja prišli do 28 besedil primernih za končno analizo. Nato smo literaturo prikazali še tabelarično glede na avtorja in leto objave, raziskovalni dizajn, namen strokovnega besedila, vzorec in državo raziskave ter ključne ugotovitve raziskav. Za tem smo razdelili literaturo tudi po kodah in kategorijah. Razprava in zaključek: S pomočjo pregleda literature smo odkrili številne pozitivne učinke, ki jih ima lahko uporaba alternativnih porodnih položajev na telo porodnice. Ob uporabi porodnih položajev lahko namreč dokazano zmanjšamo potrebo po epiziotomiji, instrumentalnem dokončanju poroda, znižamo možnost hujših raztrganin presredka, skrajšamo drugo porodno dobo, omogočimo manj boleč porod ter tudi manj boleče in prijetnejše okrevanje po porodu in posledično večje zadovoljstvo ženske s svojo porodno izkušnjo. Po številnih svetovnih priporočilih, bi morala imeti babica veliko znanja o porodnih položajih, njihovi koristi in izvedbi, saj smo kot strokovnjaki obporodne prakse primorani ženski svetovati ter jo voditi glede na njene želje in pričakovanja.Introduction: Women are at high risk for perineal injuries during vaginal birth. This can occur due to spontaneous tissue rupture or performance of episiotomy. The most common problem that women with perineal injury face is perineal pain. Due to the frequent occurrence of these problems in women in the postpartum period, experts have begun to look for methods that would help reduce the incidence of perineal injuries. One of the methods that has been proven successful through research is the use of birthing positions during labour. Purpose: The purpose of this diploma was to determine, through a review of the professional literature, how can the use of birth positions in the second stage of labour help reduce the incidence of episiotomies and severe perineal ruptures. Methods: For the research part of the diploma, we performed a systematic review of Slovenian and foreign literature. The literature was selected with the help of the library of the University of Ljubljana at the Faculty of Medicine and searches in various databases: COBISS, DiKUL, PubMed, Wiley Online Library and Google Schoolar. Search keywords were: »positions for labour«, »alternative birth positions«, »episiotomy in birthing positions«, »birthing positions during second stage of labour«. Results: With the help of the PRISMA diagram, we presented a schematic presentation of the found literature, and with the use of keywords, restrictive criteria and elimination we came to 28 texts suitable for the final analysis. We analyzed the literature according to the author and year of publication, research design, purpose of the research, sample and country of research, and key research findings, after which we divided the literature by codes and categories. Discussion and conclusion: Through this review, we discovered a number of positive effects that the use of alternative delivery positions can have on the mother’s body. By using childbirth positions, we can reduce the need for episiotomy, instrumental assisted labor, reduce the possibility of severe ruptures of the perineum, shorten the second stage of labour, enable less painful childbirth and pleasant recovery after childbirth and also give women a greater satisfaction with their birth experience. According to many global recommendations, midwives should have a lot of knowledge about birthing positions their purpose and benefits, as we are experts in midwifery practice, and should be able to give advise and guide woman during labour according to their wishes and expectations
Poređenje i procena osetljivosti tri različita komercijalna real-time PCR kita za detekciju SARS-CoV-2
No full textLančana reakcija polimerazacije sa reverznom transkripcijom u realnom vremenu (RT-qPCR) je najsenzitivniji i najspecifičniji test za laboratorijsku dijagnostiku SARS-CoV-2 infekcije i predstavlja “zlatni standard”. Cilj ovog rada je poređenje i analiza performansi tri različita komercijalna kita za detekciju SARS-CoV-2 virusa (Sansure Biotech, GeneFinderTM i TaqPathTM) metodom RT-qPCR na 354 nasumično izabrana uzorka hospitalizovanih pacijenata sa COVID-19. Ekstrakcija RNK iz uzoraka je urađena na automatskom ekstraktoru NC-15 plus (ALPHAGENE Co., Ltd.) prema uputstvu proizvođača. Sve PCR reakcije su izvedene korišćenjem istih RNK izolata na jednom PCR aparatu (Applied Biosystems). Rezultati pokazuju veliku sličnost u analitičkoj osetljivosti testova za detekciju SARS-CoV-2 virusa, što ukazuje da je dijagnostička tačnost ova tri testa uporediva. Međutim, SanSure Biotech kit pokazao je bolje dijagnostičke performanse u odnosu na druga dva testa. Naši rezultati takođe upućuju i da je u ciju poboljšanja osetljivosti testova neophodno modifikovati prajmere za PCR reakciju zajedno sa pojavom novih varijanti virusa
'Guerilla' Publishing on Feminism Today: MAI Feminism & Visual Culture
No full textIn this case study on film & feminism publishing today, introducing the story of an open-access, independent online journal, MAI: Feminism & Visual Culture (maifeminism.com), its editor-in-chief shows how the late bell hooks' vision of gender politics motivated her and Professor Anna Backman Rogers to start the website in 2018.
Sparked by their collaborative effort, MAI soon attracted a global collective of artists and scholars who now help showcase the best of feminist creative and academic work from the field.
With its popular bi-annual journal and now a book publishing label under Punctum Press, MAI has become a success story of what elsewhere may be considered an ironic fit of guerilla and academic feminist publishing—rigorously peer-reviewed yet sitting outside the corporate research publishing market.
The chapter covers how several MAI issues and articles, particularly those focussed on films, television and video art, have fed into propagating scholarship and practice-based research.
The text will outlines the intersectional feminist agenda, which MAI editors of both genders hold dear, and how that translates into the journal's evolving operations, vocabulary, rationale, educational hopes and global outreach
MARITIME AND TRANSPORT POLITICS OF REPUBLIC OF CROATIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
No full textU završnom radu spomenut će se obalni potencijal Republike Hrvatske. Osim duljine obale, broja otoka te luka s naglaskom na one najbitnije, prikazat će se uvid u brojnost pomoraca i brodovlja Republike Hrvatske te usporedna analiza istoga u Europskoj uniji. Istaknut će se najvažniji zakoni i dokumenti o pomorstvu i javnome dobru Republike Hrvatske te datumi stupanja na snagu istih. Pažnja je usmjerena prema integralno pomorskoj politici Europske unije s glavnim segmentima kao što su akvakultura, biotehnologija, rudarenje morskim dnom, oceanska energija, pomorski turizam i nautika. Vršit će se usporedna analiza Republike Hrvatske i Europske unije u navedenim segmentima te krajnji ciljevi koji se žele postići
Development of long COVID as a consequence of the complex relationship between Epstein-Barr virus and our immune system
No full textIntroduction: The pathophysiological development of long COVID (LC) is still insufficiently known. However, post infection fatigue syndromes were seen before, among other pathogens including Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Considering EBV reservoir in COVID-19 patients, this review aims to present current knowledge related to EBV role in development of LC and with the potential diagnostic utility. EBV infection: Following the primary lytic infection of epithelial oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal cells EBV establishes a very complex mechanism of lifelong survival in B cells. Latent infection with occasional viral reactivations constantly challenges the host's immune response. In individuals with immune imbalance including COVID-19, it could drive long-term consequences. EBV and COVID-19: The activity of EBV has been shown as the most prevalent human herpesvirus infection in COVID-19 population (41%). Correlation between lymphocytopenia-induced disability to remove the EBV, increases in EBV DNA viremia and COVID-19 complications have also been reported. EBV and long COVID: The positivity of EBV DNA during acute SARS-CoV-2 infection predicted the presence of symptoms up to 60 days after COVID-19. Association between EBV infection and symptoms such as brain fog, fatigue, arthralgia and skin rashes have been also described in post infection sequelae ME/CFS. Anti-EBV early antigen-diffuse (EA-D) IgG antibodies were detectable among two-thirds of respondents experiencing LC. Increases in anti-EBNA1 IgG levels analyzed months following COVID-19 onset in convalescent LC population could serve as a potential marker of EBV reactivation at the time of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some authors also managed to show anti-EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM seropositivity in half of COVID-19 patients indicating of either coinfection or EBV reactivation. Conclusion: As a multisystemic illness, LC is without a defined spectrum of diagnostic and treatment options. Whereas EBV reactivation alone or together with other risk factors drives LC symptoms, further prospective studies involving different cohorts and tissue reservoirs are necessary to understand underlying biological mechanisms
Quality of Life with Regard to Assessment of Health Status, Social Support and Activity Level in Ealdery People
No full textCilj provedenog istraživanja bio je ispitati efekt procjene zdravstvenog statusa, socijalne
podrške i razine aktivnosti na kvalitetu života kod osoba starije životne dobi. U istraživanju je
sudjelovalo 193 ispitanika na području Istarske županije, Primorsko-goranske županije i
Osječke županije, od čega 59 čine muškarci, a 134 čine žene, u rasponu dobi od 60 do 90 godina
(M = 75, SD = 8.55). U istraživanju su korištene sljedeće mjere: pitanja o demografskim
podacima ispitanika, upitnik o čestini bavljenja različitim aktivnostima, upitnik o zdravstvenim
problemima (mjera zdravstvenih problema i ljestvica zdravlja), multidimenzionalna skala
percipirane socijalne podrške i upitnik o kvaliteti života.
Kako bi ispitali doprinos promatranih varijabli u objašnjenju varijance ukupne kvalitete
života, provedena je hijerarhijska regresijska analiza gdje su percepcija zdravstvenog statusa,
socijalna podrška i razina aktivnosti bili prediktori. Dobiveno je da su samoprocjena
zdravstvenog statusa, percipirana socijalna podrška obitelji i prijatelja kao i slobodne aktivnosti,
vezane za osobnu dobrobit značajni prediktori kvalitete života u starijoj dobi. Aktivnosti vezane
za brigu i skrb nisu se pokazale kao značajan prediktor kvalitete života kod osoba starije dobi.
Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju važnost održavanja zdravlja, očuvanja kvalitetne socijalne mreže
te veće sudjelovanje u raznim aktivnostima kako bi ukupna kvaliteta života kod osoba starije
životne dobi bila što veća.The aim of the conducted research was to examine the effect of assessment of health
status, social support and level of activity on the quality of life of elderly people. 193
respondents from the Istrian County, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and Osijek County
participated in the research, of which 59 were men and 134 were women, in the age range of
60 to 90 years (M = 75, SD = 8.55). The following measures were used in the research: questions
about the respondents' demographic data, a questionnaire about the frequency of engaging in
various activities, a questionnaire about health problems (a measure of health problems and a
health scale), a multidimensional scale of perceived social support and a questionnaire about
quality of life.
In order to examine the contribution of the observed variables in explaining the variance
of the overall quality of life, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed where the
perception of health status, social support and activity levels were predictors. It was found that
self-assessment of health status, perceived social support from family and friends as well as
leisure activities related to personal well-being are significant predictors of quality of life in old
age. Activities related to care and nursing did not prove to be a significant predictor of quality
of life in elderly people. The obtained results confirm the importance of maintaining health,
preserving a quality social network and greater participation in various activities in order to
make the overall quality of life of elderly people as high as possible
Quality of Life with Regard to Assessment of Health Status, Social Support and Activity Level in Ealdery People
No full textCilj provedenog istraživanja bio je ispitati efekt procjene zdravstvenog statusa, socijalne
podrške i razine aktivnosti na kvalitetu života kod osoba starije životne dobi. U istraživanju je
sudjelovalo 193 ispitanika na području Istarske županije, Primorsko-goranske županije i
Osječke županije, od čega 59 čine muškarci, a 134 čine žene, u rasponu dobi od 60 do 90 godina
(M = 75, SD = 8.55). U istraživanju su korištene sljedeće mjere: pitanja o demografskim
podacima ispitanika, upitnik o čestini bavljenja različitim aktivnostima, upitnik o zdravstvenim
problemima (mjera zdravstvenih problema i ljestvica zdravlja), multidimenzionalna skala
percipirane socijalne podrške i upitnik o kvaliteti života.
Kako bi ispitali doprinos promatranih varijabli u objašnjenju varijance ukupne kvalitete
života, provedena je hijerarhijska regresijska analiza gdje su percepcija zdravstvenog statusa,
socijalna podrška i razina aktivnosti bili prediktori. Dobiveno je da su samoprocjena
zdravstvenog statusa, percipirana socijalna podrška obitelji i prijatelja kao i slobodne aktivnosti,
vezane za osobnu dobrobit značajni prediktori kvalitete života u starijoj dobi. Aktivnosti vezane
za brigu i skrb nisu se pokazale kao značajan prediktor kvalitete života kod osoba starije dobi.
Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju važnost održavanja zdravlja, očuvanja kvalitetne socijalne mreže
te veće sudjelovanje u raznim aktivnostima kako bi ukupna kvaliteta života kod osoba starije
životne dobi bila što veća.The aim of the conducted research was to examine the effect of assessment of health
status, social support and level of activity on the quality of life of elderly people. 193
respondents from the Istrian County, Primorje-Gorski Kotar County and Osijek County
participated in the research, of which 59 were men and 134 were women, in the age range of
60 to 90 years (M = 75, SD = 8.55). The following measures were used in the research: questions
about the respondents' demographic data, a questionnaire about the frequency of engaging in
various activities, a questionnaire about health problems (a measure of health problems and a
health scale), a multidimensional scale of perceived social support and a questionnaire about
quality of life.
In order to examine the contribution of the observed variables in explaining the variance
of the overall quality of life, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed where the
perception of health status, social support and activity levels were predictors. It was found that
self-assessment of health status, perceived social support from family and friends as well as
leisure activities related to personal well-being are significant predictors of quality of life in old
age. Activities related to care and nursing did not prove to be a significant predictor of quality
of life in elderly people. The obtained results confirm the importance of maintaining health,
preserving a quality social network and greater participation in various activities in order to
make the overall quality of life of elderly people as high as possible
Potential viral markers of Epstein-Barr Virus-related diseases identified in the sequences of EBV genes
No full textThe association of oncogenic viral infections and HLA-G polymorphisms in the etiology of head and neck carcinoma
No full textcarcinoma-HNSCC) ukazuje se na ulogu onkogenih virusa i to humanih papiloma virusa (HPV) Epštajn-Bar virusa (EBV) i BK i JC poliomavirusa, kao i značaju HLA-G polimorfizama.
Cilj istraživanja. Cilj studije je bio određivanje učestalosti infekcija i koinfekcija onkogenim virusima i HLA-G polimorfizama i njihova korelacija sa demografskim i bihevioralnim karakteristikama pacijenata i kliničkim statusom HNSCC.
Materijal i metod. Ispitivano je 100 uzoraka tkiva HNSCC. Single PCR, Nested PCR i Real-time PCR su rađeni za dokazivanje HPV i EBV, a seminested PCR za poliomaviruse. Genotipizacija HPV je rađena metodom sekvenciranja po Sangeru, a EBV genotipizacija Nested PCR metodom. Određivanje HLA-G tipova rađeno je metodom sekvenciranja po Sangeru.
Rezultati. Učestalost HPV je bila 27%, EBV 20%, BKV 3% i JCV 0%. Dokazano je 5 HPV genotipova sa značajnom učestalošću visoko onkogenih tipova (84%) i to tipa HPV 16 (57,1%). Utvrđena su oba EBV tipa sa dominacijom EBV-1 (93,75%). HPV i EBV su značajno češći kod muškaraca od 50 do 69 godina sa karcinomom larinksa patohistološkog gradusa 2. Pojedinačna infekcija je utvrđena kod 28% uzoraka, a HPV infekcija je značajno najčešća. Koinfekcije su potvrđene kod 11% uzoraka, HPV/EBV koinfekcija je najzastupljenija ali bez razlike u učestalosti vrste koinfekcija. Utvrđeno je 6 HLA-G tipova, gde je *01:01:01 najučestaliji (56,66%), ali bez razlike u zastupljenosti HLA-G tipova i prisustva pojedinačnih infekcija i koinfekcija onkogenim virusima.
Zaključak. Pokazana je povezanost prisustva infekcije onkogenim virusima sa karcinomima glave i vrata, ali nije utvrđena korelacija HLA-G polimorfizama sa prisustvom infekcija i koinfekcija onkogenim virusima u HNSCC.Introduction. The oncogenic viruses, namely Human papillomaviruses (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and BK and JC polyomaviruses, as well as HLA-G polymorphisms may play significant role in the etiology of Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Aim. Determination of the frequency of oncogenic virus infections and coinfections and HLA-G polymorphisms and their correlation with the demographic and behavioral characteristics of patients and clinical status of HNSCC.
Material and method. 100 HNSCC tissue samples were examined. Single, Nested and Real-time PCR were used to detect HPV and EBV, and seminested PCR for polyomaviruses. HPV and EBV genotyping were done by Sanger sequencing method, and Nested PCR, respectively. Determination of HLA-G types was done by Sanger sequencing method.
Results. The prevalence of HPV was 27%, EBV 20%, BKV 3% and JCV 0%. Five HPV genotypes were identified with a significant frequency of high-risk types (84%), namely HPV type 16 (57.1%). Both EBV types were detected with a predominance of EBV-1 (93.75%). HPV and EBV are significantly more common in men aged 50 to 69 with laryngeal cancer of pathohistological grade 2. Single infection was found in 28% of samples with a significant prevalence of HPV infection. Co-infections were confirmed in 11% of samples. HPV/EBV co-infection is the most common but without a difference in the frequency of co-infection type. Six HLA-G types were identified, where *01:01:01 is the most common (56.66%), with no difference between HLA-G types and the presence of single infections and co-infections.
Conclusion. The association of the presence of oncogenic virus infection with HNSCC has been shown, but without the correlation between HLA-G polymorphisms and presence of oncogenic virus infections and coinfections in HNSCC
The association of oncogenic viral infections and HLA-G polymorphisms in the etiology of head and neck carcinoma
No full textcarcinoma-HNSCC) ukazuje se na ulogu onkogenih virusa i to humanih papiloma virusa (HPV) Epštajn-Bar virusa (EBV) i BK i JC poliomavirusa, kao i značaju HLA-G polimorfizama.
Cilj istraživanja. Cilj studije je bio određivanje učestalosti infekcija i koinfekcija onkogenim virusima i HLA-G polimorfizama i njihova korelacija sa demografskim i bihevioralnim karakteristikama pacijenata i kliničkim statusom HNSCC.
Materijal i metod. Ispitivano je 100 uzoraka tkiva HNSCC. Single PCR, Nested PCR i Real-time PCR su rađeni za dokazivanje HPV i EBV, a seminested PCR za poliomaviruse. Genotipizacija HPV je rađena metodom sekvenciranja po Sangeru, a EBV genotipizacija Nested PCR metodom. Određivanje HLA-G tipova rađeno je metodom sekvenciranja po Sangeru.
Rezultati. Učestalost HPV je bila 27%, EBV 20%, BKV 3% i JCV 0%. Dokazano je 5 HPV genotipova sa značajnom učestalošću visoko onkogenih tipova (84%) i to tipa HPV 16 (57,1%). Utvrđena su oba EBV tipa sa dominacijom EBV-1 (93,75%). HPV i EBV su značajno češći kod muškaraca od 50 do 69 godina sa karcinomom larinksa patohistološkog gradusa 2. Pojedinačna infekcija je utvrđena kod 28% uzoraka, a HPV infekcija je značajno najčešća. Koinfekcije su potvrđene kod 11% uzoraka, HPV/EBV koinfekcija je najzastupljenija ali bez razlike u učestalosti vrste koinfekcija. Utvrđeno je 6 HLA-G tipova, gde je *01:01:01 najučestaliji (56,66%), ali bez razlike u zastupljenosti HLA-G tipova i prisustva pojedinačnih infekcija i koinfekcija onkogenim virusima.
Zaključak. Pokazana je povezanost prisustva infekcije onkogenim virusima sa karcinomima glave i vrata, ali nije utvrđena korelacija HLA-G polimorfizama sa prisustvom infekcija i koinfekcija onkogenim virusima u HNSCC.Introduction. The oncogenic viruses, namely Human papillomaviruses (HPV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and BK and JC polyomaviruses, as well as HLA-G polymorphisms may play significant role in the etiology of Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Aim. Determination of the frequency of oncogenic virus infections and coinfections and HLA-G polymorphisms and their correlation with the demographic and behavioral characteristics of patients and clinical status of HNSCC.
Material and method. 100 HNSCC tissue samples were examined. Single, Nested and Real-time PCR were used to detect HPV and EBV, and seminested PCR for polyomaviruses. HPV and EBV genotyping were done by Sanger sequencing method, and Nested PCR, respectively. Determination of HLA-G types was done by Sanger sequencing method.
Results. The prevalence of HPV was 27%, EBV 20%, BKV 3% and JCV 0%. Five HPV genotypes were identified with a significant frequency of high-risk types (84%), namely HPV type 16 (57.1%). Both EBV types were detected with a predominance of EBV-1 (93.75%). HPV and EBV are significantly more common in men aged 50 to 69 with laryngeal cancer of pathohistological grade 2. Single infection was found in 28% of samples with a significant prevalence of HPV infection. Co-infections were confirmed in 11% of samples. HPV/EBV co-infection is the most common but without a difference in the frequency of co-infection type. Six HLA-G types were identified, where *01:01:01 is the most common (56.66%), with no difference between HLA-G types and the presence of single infections and co-infections.
Conclusion. The association of the presence of oncogenic virus infection with HNSCC has been shown, but without the correlation between HLA-G polymorphisms and presence of oncogenic virus infections and coinfections in HNSCC
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