489 research outputs found
Another refinement of the Bender–Knuth (ex-)conjecture
No full textAbstractWe compute the generating function of column-strict plane partitions with parts in {1,2,…,n}, at most c columns, p rows of odd length and k parts equal to n. This refines both Krattenthaler’s [C. Krattenthaler, The major counting of nonintersecting lattice paths and generating functions for tableaux, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc. 115 (552) (1995) vi+109] and the author’s [I. Fischer, A method for proving polynomial enumeration formulas, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A (in press). Preprint, math.CO/0301103] refinement of the Bender–Knuth (ex-)conjecture. The result is proved by an extension of the method for proving polynomial enumeration formulas which was introduced by the author in I. Fischer [A method for proving polynomial enumeration formulas, J. Combin. Theory Ser. A (in press). Preprint, math.CO/0301103] to q-quasi-polynomials
Sleep Disturbance and Daytime Symptoms in Cigarette Smokers Attempting to Quit Without Treatment
No full textThesis (Ph.D.), Department of Psychology, Washington State UniversityRelapse rates in cigarette smokers attempting to quit are high, but the factors that drive relapse risk are not well understood. Self-report data have suggested that disturbed sleep during abstinence may prompt individuals to resume smoking. Here we used polysomnography (PSG) to investigate sleep in smokers before and during a quit attempt without treatment ("cold turkey"). Methods: N=14 moderate cigarette smokers (16.2±6.2 cigarettes per day; ages 27.6±5.6y; 1 woman), healthy and free from drugs besides nicotine, were in the laboratory for three consecutive nights (18:00-09:00) with PSG recordings (10h time in bed, 22:00-08:00). On the morning after night 1, subjects initiated a quit attempt without treatment. Differences in daytime symptoms (Desire to Smoke, Withdrawal Symptoms, Anxiety, Irritability, Stress, and Sleepiness) and sleep architecture between night 1 (smoking), and nights 2 and 3 (abstinence) were investigated. Sleep variables and subjective sleepiness assessments were also compared to an age- and sex-matched control group of non-smokers from another study.Results: Following the quit attempt, smokers reported higher levels of withdrawal symptoms and irritability during abstinence. Sleepiness did not change with abstinence, but was significantly higher across all nights when compared to the controls. A significant change across nights was observed for sleep latency (SL), which dropped from 44.9±9.0min (mean±SEM) after smoking to 27.7±8.0min during abstinence. When compared to controls, smokers had more disrupted sleep on all 3 nights with more N1, less N3, more EEG arousals, and longer latency to N3, despite no differences in total sleep time. Conclusion: For daytime symptoms, smokers experienced increased levels of withdrawal symptoms and irritability during abstinence; and greater sleepiness across all nights when compared to controls. Sleep improved during abstinence, as evidenced by a shorter sleep latency, however, smokers had more sleep disturbance across all nights when compared to the control group. Whether the persistent sleep disturbance that was maintained during abstinence contributes to the high relapse rate in smokers quitting without treatment remains to be determined. Research supported by: Funds provided for medical and biological research by the State of Washington Initiative Measure No. 171, and in part by NIH grant R21CA167691.Department of Psychology, Washington State Universit
Effect of plant growth regulator and additional nitrogen fertilization in spring on the seed yield and seed quality of timothy (Phleum pratense L.)
No full textSaabunud / Received 29.01.2021 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 26.03.2021 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 26.03.2021 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Ants Bender [email protected] synergistic effect of the plant growth regulator Moddus
250 EC and nitrogen fertilizer on the seed yield and seed quality of timothy
was investigated over a period of four years (2017–2020) in a field trial
established with the cultivar 'Tika' in 2016 at the Estonian Crop Research
Institute. The trial had three variants: variant 1 – without plant growth
regulator (control), variant 2 – plant growth regulator sprayed twice at the
rate of 0.4 + 0.4 l ha–1
and variant 3 – plant growth regulator sprayed once
at the rate of 0.8 l ha–1
. In all three variants there were five nitrogen
fertilizer rates between N 70–140 kg ha–1
. In the trial the lodging resistance
of plant cover was monitored, the height of generative tillers was
measured, the seed yield was determined by two-phase combine
harvesting and the quality of seed was determined. No lodging of timothy
was detected in trial variants throughout all trial years. The increase of
nitrogen fertilizer rate did not reliably affect the height of generative
tillers, the split application of plant growth regulator shortened the height
of generative tillers on the average of four years by 7.4%, and one-time
spraying by 6.2%. The use of plant growth regulator did not increase the
seed yield, the split application of it even reduced the seed yield. The
increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate up to N 122 kg ha–1 increased the seed
yield reliably only in the first year of production, but not in the following
years. The use of plant growth regulator slowed down seed maturation, in
our trials it was confirmed by bigger amounts of seed in the second harvest
phase. The increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate and the use of plant growth
regulator did not have any effect on seed germination. In the first
production year, the 1000 kernel weight increased under the influence of
plant growth regulator, in the later years there was no effect. The
germination energy of seed somewhat decreased under the influence of
plant growth regulator
Agronomic and nutritional considerations for increased soybean productivity
No full textIncreasing soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] productivity will require a comprehensive understanding of the agronomic, nutritional, and genetic factors that influence soybean yield. Despite recent agricultural innovations, there is a common perception that soybean yields have reached a plateau. While most producers overlook the fertility needs of soybean, others believe that improved nutritional management may hold promise for improving soybean productivity. The synergy between adequate nutrient availability in combination with complementary agronomic practices, may be necessary to realize the genetic yield potential of soybean. For these reasons, the objective of this research was to quantify how agronomic and nutritional management practices can be employed to improve soybean productivity which encompasses four research areas:
What are the nutritional needs of current soybean cultivars which frequently realize higher yields now than ever before?
Research was conducted to quantify the macro- and micronutrient needs of modern soybean cultivars. Nutrients exhibited variation in their uptake, partitioning, and remobilization and presented data should be considered relevant for producers who target or achieve a yield level of 3500 kg ha-1 or higher. Current soybean varieties also exhibited greater dry weight harvest index values relative to previous research which has concomitantly influenced the rate, duration, and partitioning of nutrient accumulation in soybean. Collectively, these findings emphasize the importance of season-long nutrient availability to most effectively meet soybean fertility needs.
Can management practices be designed to supply these nutritional needs and achieve improved soybean productivity?
Quantification of soybean fertility needs highlighted the importance of phosphate availability, and when supplied as one of five categorical management factors, significant yield increases were realized. Other factors including variety selection, seed treatment, foliar fungicide and insecticide use, and row spacing configuration contributed to improved soybean productivity across a range of environments. An additional study provided in-season applications of N, K, and S using a subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) system and improved seed yield by as much as 357 kg ha-1.
Do other agronomic decisions such as variety selection influence the responsiveness to nutrient supply?
Results indicated that variety selection significantly influences the outcome of nutritional and agronomic treatments. The value of fertilization, foliar fungicide and insecticide, and seed treatment practices were as much as two-fold greater when applied to fuller season varieties. Additional findings determined that varietal selection cannot be based on RM alone and that classifying varieties based on their responsiveness to nutrient supply was predictive of their response to supplemental agronomic management.
What physiological basis exists to support these management-induced productivity improvements?
Soybean’s indeterminate growth habit and compensatory nature between yield components emphasize the complexity of yield determination in soybean. As a result, a more thorough understanding of seed number and seed mass establishment was conducted within the canopy to identify how source and/or sink related factors may limit yield. Fertilization and foliar leaf protection treatments significantly improved yield through different, canopy-dependent, yield component strategies. Responses differed among cultivars which underscore the importance of variety selection and agronomic management as a concerted effort for improved soybean productivity.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2017-05-01The student, Ross Bender, accepted the attached license on 2015-04-10 at 13:53.The student, Ross Bender, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2015-04-10 at 14:01.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2015-04-20 at 11:41.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #7816 on 2015-07-22 at 14:24:20Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T22:45:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
BENDER-DISSERTATION-2015.pdf: 3462445 bytes, checksum: df7d1159b232ff268bf91665c3b72f9c (MD5)
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Previous issue date: 2015-04-20Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 79968
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Żydzi z Chmielnika w czasie okupacji niemieckiej (1939–1943)
No full textThe author discusses the history of the Jews of Chmielnik, a town situated 30 kilometres away from Kielce: from a short introduction covering the inter-war period, through the German invasion, ghetto formation, everyday life n the ghetto, deportations and the fate of the survivors. The author extensively describes social organisations and their activity in Chmielnik (Judenrat, Ha Szomer ha-Cair), as well as the contacts between the Jews and the Poles
Do initial conditions persist between firms? : an analysis of firm-entry cohort effects and job losers using matched employer-employee data
No full text"Influential studies have suggested that initial conditions can have persistent effects on workers' careers within firms. It is a longstanding question among economists whether such lasting wage differentials among firms and industries are due to persistent deviations of wages from workers' skills due to contracting and market frictions, or whether they arise from permanent differences among workers' skills. However, there is currently little representative evidence on firm-entry cohort effects and few explicit tests of alternative explanations. We use information on the universe of workers from a large German manufacturing sector from matched employer- employee records to show that firm-entry cohort effects are a pervasive phenomenon for the firms we study. The cohort effects we estimate are highly heterogeneous across firms and slowly fade over time. We also find that wage premiums on the past job are lost at job displacement, and that initial positive effects on wage levels at the new job fades over time. This suggests that at least part of firm-entry cohort effects arise from transitory rents, and that initial effects from previous wages fade as workers' search for better jobs." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))Kohortenanalyse, Automobilindustrie, Berufseinmündung - Auswirkungen, Berufsverlauf, Entlassungen, zwischenbetriebliche Mobilität, Arbeitskräftemobilität, Lohnentwicklung, IAB-Linked-Employer-Employee-Datensatz
The asymptotic number of rooted 2-connected triangular maps on a surface
No full textAbstractIn this paper, we continue the study of the asymptotic number of rooted maps on general surfaces initiated by Bender and Canfield. Let Δg(n) (respectively, Δg(n)) be the number of n-vertex rooted 2-connected triangular maps on the orientable (respectively, non-orientable) surface of type g. We shall prove that, as n → ∞, Δg(n)∼tg(An)5(g−1)/2(27/2)n and Δg(n)∼tg(An)5(g−1)/2(27/2)n, where A = 365275, tg, and tg are the constants defined in an earlier paper by the author (J. Combin. Theory Ser. B 52 (1991), 236–249)
Optical leakage mitigation in ortho-mode transducer detectors for microwave applications
No full textPlanar ortho-mode transducers (OMTs) are a commonly used method of coupling
optical signals between waveguides and on-chip circuitry and detectors. While
the ideal OMT-waveguide coupling requires minimal disturbance to the waveguide,
when used for mm-wave applications the waveguide is typically constructed from
two sections to allow the OMT probes to be inserted into the waveguide. This
break in the waveguide is a source of signal leakage and can lead to loss of
performance and increased experimental systematic errors. Here we report on the
development of new OMT-to-waveguide coupling structures with the goal of
reducing leakage at the detector wafer interface. The pixel to pixel optical
leakage due to the gap between the coupling waveguide and the backshort is
reduced by means of a protrusion that passes through the OMT membrane and
electrically connects the two waveguide sections on either side of the wafer.
High frequency electromagnetic simulations indicate that these protrusions are
an effective method to reduce optical leakage in the gap by ~80% percent, with
a ~60% filling factor, relative to an standard OMT coupling architecture.
Prototype devices have been designed to characterize the performance of the new
design using a relative measurement with varying filling factors. We outline
the simulation setup and results, and present a chip layout and sample box that
will be used to perform the initial measurements.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, conference proceedin
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