58 research outputs found
2005 Fall Honorable Mention
No full textHonorable Mention Fall The newsletter of the Honors Program at Westminster College 2005 A Fun-Oriented Beginning Books. Introductions. Essay writing. Board games? Yes, board games. This year\u27s Honors Peer Mentors teamed up with incoming Freshmen during Honors Orientation, held August 26th, to duke it out in fierce contests of Cranium, Taboo and Trivial Pursuit. While planning the orientation, peer mentors shied away from incorporating "get to know you" games into the day\u27s plans, knowing such contrived and often embarrassing icebreakers tend to fall flat. The peer mentors sought out more genuine, enjoyable ways to help the entering class of Honors students get to know one another. They settled upon two new ideas previously unseen in Honors orientations: first, having students cover a whiteboard in Nunemaker with self-annotated photos of themselves and, second, leaving open time for some good old-fashioned game playing. All this fun was made possible largely because the Honors program director, Richard Badenhausen, procured an entire day for Honors orientation activities. In years past, the freshman introduction to the Honors program took place over two days, sandwiched between or conflicting with other campus activities, leaving precious little time for all but the basic question and answer or shared reading discussion sessions. A separate Honors orientation on the day before the campus-wide orientation enabled the Honors students to meet and mingle, enjoy great food and music while kicking back on Nunemaker\u27s patio, show their creativity in "InkBlots", and later relax at a movie night in the Behnken Lounge. The ten hours of orientation programming consisted of more than fun and games. An opening session in Gore Auditorium included parents this year. Badenhausen walked the audience through the Honors handbook and introduced the ten peer mentors, who then fielded questions from the new Honors students and their families. After lunch, four peer mentors led students in a discussion of James Gleick\u27s Faster, which incoming students read over the summer. All enjoyed the lively ninety-minute conversation; and the common read session was once again a success. Following a writing assessment exercise, students were The incoming Honors class takes a break from orientation activities treated to a short film about the program, produced last year by senior Honors student Cody Coonradt, and a students-only Q&A session devoted to the "Real Honors program." Honors orientation is still expanding and improving and the next peer mentor planning team may go to even greater lengths to prove that orientation can be synonymous with having a good time. Sure, there were intellectual discussions involved, but in the end, the new freshmen benefited by meeting fellow classmates. Of course, for Nunemaker, the greatest benefit was the acquisition of some excellent board games! -Anna Hansen News C r a s h Proves to be an Insightful Look Into the Human Condition Thanks to the 2005-2006 Peer Mentors I want to thank this year\u27s Honors program peer mentors (listed below) for all that they have done during orientation and throughout the fall semester to help our new class of 36 entering Honors students make the transition to college life more smoothly. This year\u27s peer mentors helped lead a very successful expanded orientation session that was especially notable for the liveliness of the activities, which was due mostly to their involvement. I\u27m very grateful for their support and leadership. -Richard Badenhausen/Director Mike Acord Creed Archibald Ray Bradford Meghan Hamilton Anna Hansen Blakely Neilsen Alisha Panunzio Marie Robinson Lahdan Saeed Stan Sarkisov ghg On October 18th, the Student Honors Council (SHC) sponsored this year\u27s first "Profs Pick the Flick," hosted by Dr. Bridget Newell, professor of Philosophy, co-designer (with Dr. Bonnie Baxter) of the popular Honors seminar "Science, Power and Diversity," and a team-teaching partner this term in Humanities I. At each of these events, the host professor is asked to choose a film that he or she has enjoyed and wishes to share with Honors students because it is compelling in some way. Dr. Newell selected the complex 2004 feature Crash, directed by Million Dollar Baby screenwriter Paul Haggis and starring a plethora of Hollywood A-list actors, including Don Cheadle, Matt Dillon, Sandra Bullock, and Brendan Fraser. Rounding out the cast are Jennifer Esposito, Ryan Phillippe (better known as Mr. Reese Witherspoon), and Ludacris, among others. In the film, a number of stories overlap--a la Robert Altman--as we follow a series of characters whose lives intersect in positive and negative ways during a two-day period in Los Angeles. Prominent themes include racism, fear, violence, hate, alienation, power, and the human potential for redemption. Dr. Newell helpfully foregrounded some of the issues brought up in the film by commenting on their meaning for the students in attendance, a process that fits in with one of the SHC\u27s goals of sponsoring fun, social activities that also double as learning experiences. If you did not make it to the movie night, you should strongly consider adding this film to your "must see" list. Also, look for future "Profs Pick the Flick" events or nominate one of your favorite Honors professors to sponsor one of the screenings. Graduate School Demystified at Pizza with Profs Graduate school. Who isn\u27t terrified by the very idea? But this semester\u27s "Pizza with the Profs" on Friday, October 7 went a long way to soothing those fears. Three panelists spent ninety minutes in Nunemaker talking about their graduate school experiences with about 20 Honors students eager to learn the secrets of life beyond Westminster College. Speaking about her graduate school, Christine Seifert, a new Communications professor at Westminster, explained how she loved the freedom involved. She got her Ph.D. in Communications from Oklahoma State University, where she loved exploring her many options. She mentioned that among graduate school, med school, and law school, one has a few more options in the Humanities, as one is still encouraged to experiment to find where your passions and potential lie. Seth Hobby spoke about his law school experiences, both in England and at BYU. As an attorney at Utah\u27s largest law firm, Parsons Behle Latimer, Seth was able to share what habits best helped him succeed in graduate school and get a good job. He recommends not going to law school "to see if you like it," since law school rarely answers questions for students and it requires nothing less than dedication and hard work, not to mention an enormous financial investment. Recent Westminster Honors graduate Eric Glissmeyer offered the same advice, as he discussed his medical school experience. Currently at the University of Utah, he just began his second year of medical school. Again, he says not to go to medical school to "try it on for size" or "see if it fits." If you want to go into medicine, you must be dedicated to your cause. The panelists also discussed such topics as having a family while in school. Both Hobby and Glissmeyer got married during their college careers. They admit that it has been difficult, but not impossible. In addition, all three panelists recommended having a mentor in your field in the form of a professor, a senior member of the graduate program, or someone who has recently finished his or her graduate studies. Such mentors can help you pick the right program, prepare a strong application, and succeed once in the school of your choice. All in all, the panelists demonstrated the importance of hard work and dedication for students interested in pursuing their studies beyond the undergraduate level. -Leah Welch page 2 News Honors Faculty vs. Students 2005 Softball Smack Down The tension in the air was palpable as Honors students prepared to face off against the faculty in a no-holds-barred, winner-take-all softball challenge on a bright, sunny day in Sugarhouse Park on April 15, 2005. Students had been talking smack about their athletic prowess all semester until program director Richard Badenhausen finally threw down a challenge by declaring, "Are you sure you want a piece of this?" Word on the street was that the Honors students (as Honors students are wont to do) held a series of rigorous practices in preparation for the event. The faculty, on the other hand, cobbled together a rag-tag team at the last minute. The average age of the faculty outfield--anchored by veteran softballers Steve Haslam (French) and Cindy Akana (Campus Ministry), in addition to Doug Wright (Art/Philosophy)--was 55, or thereabouts. The students countered in their outfield with a trio of strapping, well-conditioned young athletes--Ben Haverkost, Casey Rasch, and Honors newcomer Boone Bolinder--all of whom are known to frequent the college weight room, when not studying. Both sides recognized the seriousness of the contest, as they were playing for some serious spoils that would make even Achilles proud: a shiny The gloating winning team trophy acquired at D.I. and originally awarded in 1978 to the 2nd place team in the "Cougar Classic Debate Tournament." The faculty jumped to an early 7-2 lead, paced by the fast bats of Wright, Akana, Haslam, and Badenhausen. Jeff Nichols (History), Dave Goldsmith (Geology), and Chris Cline (Physics) also contributed key blows. On defense, Dave Stanley (English) flashed some mean leather at the hot corner and Sharon Cody (Provost\u27s Office) directed the defense from behind the plate. Judy Rogers (Biology) shouted encouragement to her teammates from both sides of second base. Early on, the students complained about the dancing pitches being thrown by Badenhausen, but they started to plate some runners when the faculty side eventually tired in the harsh sun. The biggest bat was wielded by Haverkost, who managed to send a few long flies onto the distant road in left field for The second place team, who deserved to be first home runs. Other key batters for the student side included Meghan Hamilton and Alana Dela Cruz, both of whom also played some sharp infield, especially when they turned a nifty double play late in the game. Also taking turns at the plate were Jen Morrison, Nicki Blair, Mary Dirks, and Alison Poulson. Student pitcher Ray Bradford seemed shaken in the early innings and his usual frenetic chatter seemed somewhat subdued in the face of the faculty onslaught. Eventually, he was replaced on the mound, a move that happened to coincide with the students\u27 late-inning comeback. Alas, it was not to be the students\u27 day, as the faculty held on for a 17-13 victory over nine innings. Proving they were graceful losers, the students (under the leadership of the Student Honors Council) hosted a post-game barbecue, but not before conducting a sneak water-balloon attack upon the faculty team, as its members were posing for their team picture. As the festivities wrapped up, many cries of "Wait \u27til next year" could be heard from the student side, though Badenhausen countered that he might screen for athletic prowess (or lack thereof) in future Honors classes to ensure continued faculty dominance. He concluded by inviting all Honors students to stop by his office to admire the Cougar Debate trophy, which sits on the mantle in recognition of the faculty victory. -Richard Badenhausen page 3 News Student News & Notes Sara Vandermolen has become the "youngest ever" General Director for Zivio. Zivio is a non-profit semi-professional community Balkan dance troupe. ghg Rebecca Givens went with the volunteer organization YouthLINC to Ocatlan, Mexico where they volunteered in the city\u27s Special Education school and orphanage. Rebecca also received the honor of being the student leader for the upcoming trip to Mexico in summer 2006. She will have the responsibility of organizing monthly meetings, providing Spanish language practices, and keeping the records of all students involved in the project. ghg Daniel Perez was accepted into Vanderbilt Medical School. ghg Colin Crebs was cast as "Raul" in Westminster\u27s production of Extremities. ghg Jessica Shurtleff was cast in Westminster\u27s production of The Abdication as the lead role "Queen Christina." Deseret News praised the performance as "above a typical student production." Jessica also completed an internship at CBS News during Fall semester. ghg Andrew Waterhouse was also cast in The Abdication as "Oxenstierna." He was featured as Geek of the Week in The Forum. ghg Jennifer Niedfeldt also performed in The Abdication as the "Lady in Waiting." ghg Sharayah Coleman spent the summer in New York City on a Christian Mission where she taught English to foreign students. ghg Trisina Dickerson is the Editor in Chief of Ellipsis, and Anna Hansen is Poetry Editor. ghg Tristan Glenn played the guitar to win fourth place in Westminster’s Annual Talent Show. page 4 Blakely Neilson, Marie Robinson, Jennifer Niedfeldt, and Leah Welch socialize with the governor and his wife Governor Huntsman Honors Honors Students On November 4, Honors students Marie Robinson, Jennifer Niedfeldt, Leah Welch and Blakely Neilson attended a luncheon and reception at the Utah Governor\u27s Mansion to receive recognition for their academic success. The four were among 44 students from colleges and universities across Utah who comprised the first ever group of Governor\u27s Scholars. Governor Jon Huntsman created this new program as a way to recognize past and present academic achievement in both high school and college; these four were chosen to represent Westminster. Jennifer mentioned that the best part of being a Governor\u27s Scholar was "being able to meet other students from other colleges who had the same distinction, and being able to meet the governor. Being a part of the beginning of something like that was really neat." The governor treated the recipients to a reception and luncheon at the Jennifer and Blakely enjoy their exciting reception Governor\u27s Mansion, where they roamed through rooms filled with traces of Utah\u27s history and had many great photo opportunities. The four Honors students each had a chance to speak for a few moments with the governor and have their picture taken with him and his wife. Following the reception, the Governor held a luncheon on the third floor where both the Governor and Dr. L. Jackson Newell, former longtime Honors professor at the University of Utah, addressed the students and college representatives who attended. When speaking to students, Governor Huntsman stressed the importance of continuing to do well in school and giving back to the community. He then handed out plaques to all the Scholars. Dr. Newell discussed continuing education, specifically giving tips to get accepted into graduate school. Marie Robinson commented that the speakers were "enlightening" and gave them "two thumbs way, way up!" The four students each enjoyed the speeches given, the recognition received, and their overall experience as Governor\u27s Scholars. -Blakely Neilson News St. Louis or Bust! Unbeknownst to many Griffins, the Westminster Honors program provides exciting adventure beyond the traditional mental escapades within the classroom. While traveling to St. Louis this year, one Honors student struggled getting her 53.7 lb luggage through the airport (Delta limits bags to 50 lbs) and another lost 600, Professor Badenhausen was further delighted to be told that it received the highest bid of any auction item. Students attended various workshops such as "How to Build an Honors Retreat" and "Retention in Honors" in an attempt to bring helpful ideas back to the program. Westminster students also had the opportunity to participate in the 40th anniversary of the Gateway Arch and see the famed courthouse where the Dred Scott decision, which led to increased tensions immediately before the Civil War, was rendered. Students filled up free time by doing the usual homework and playing poker. Although none of the students brought poker chips, they employed their honorable brains, and resourcefully used different colored sugar packets to improvise for chips. Heather Dangerfield proved herself to be such a poker champion that she warranted the poker persona of "Veronica." Professor Badenhausen, a.k.a. "Mr. Blue" (nicknamed after betting substantial amounts of blue Equal packets) surprised the group with his heavy handed betting and stare-down contests with "Veronica." On Saturday, Alana Dela Cruz presented her paper, "Security against the Unexpected: Women and Folk Belief in the Joy Luck Club," on a panel that addressed issues such as immigration, ethnic identity, and culture clashes. Alana successfully presented an explanation on how women adapt folk beliefs to help them endure their situations in life to about 50 conference attendees. All in all, the Westminster Honors Students enjoyed their adventure in St. Louis. Despite missing the Halloween dance this year, the Griffin Honors crew still felt the holiday spirit. Freshman Amy Burns said, "Our interaction with some of the [other Honors students] and local vagrants fulfilled our desire to be scared and spooked during the Halloween holiday, so we weren\u27t too disappointed.” Through the workshops, parties, food, and music, the Honors students experienced the wonderful hospitality of St. Louis, continued to develop friendships, and challenged their understanding of the world around them. Whether St. Louis is the true "Gateway to the West" or not, the conference proved to be a gateway to building community and knowledge within the Westminster Honors program. -Seth Longhurst Casey Rasch, Amy Burns, Heather Dangerfield, Seth Longhurst, and Alana Dela Cruz enjoy more in St. Louis than just a conference page 5 People Lela Larson St u d e n t P r o f i l e Spending this past summer on Moroccan sand dunes was a far jump from Lela Larson\u27s hometown in Riley, Kansas. Larson left the farm to pursue a very global goal--she hopes to become an intelligence officer in the US Air Force and eventually work in counter-terrorism. She dreams of being involved in international relations, with a special focus on the Middle East. Larson progressed in her plans as she spent this summer learning Arabic and Moroccan history at the American Language Institute in Fez, Morocco through the Virginia Military Institute. Larson loved the introduction to a new culture while living with a native family from late May to mid July. "My favorite thing about Morocco was when we went on a camelback camping trip in the Sahara," Larson said, adding that she was extra pleased that she found no scorpions. As for experiencing culture clash, Larson noted that she had to work around local modesty rules during her morning jogs. "I love to run and had a bit of a problem there due to the ridiculous heat and the problem with girls wearing shorts," she explains. Finding a guy to accompany her on the run offered the loophole in restrictive social laws that Larson needed. Otherwise, "I just got stared at and whistled at a lot," she said. She also experienced a language barrier. "My host family didn\u27t speak any English and they didn\u27t like Arabic so they only spoke French," Larson said. They were able to compromise and speak in broken Spanish to each other. Now that Larson is back, she is having different adventures, like a ten-mile hike in Zion National Park. Larson recently risked hypothermia as she had "fun" swimming through freezing water. "I can\u27t even begin to tell you how cold it was, but it was a ton of fun," she adds. The Air Force ROTC program has allowed her to have all these experiences. As for the Honors program, Larson says "I have a great love-hate relationship with [my Honors classes]." She explains, "I love how challenging they are, but I hate that, too." But do not worry; you can still spot Larson on campus, especially every Thursday when she wears her uniform for her ROTC classes. -Stan Sarkisov Fa c u l t y P r o f i l e Teresa Knight Instead of taking mid-terms and finals this semester, Teresa Knight will be grading them. After finishing her masters, Knight coincidentally visited her alma mater at the right time. Now, as an adjunct professor of English, she teaches Research and Composition to undergraduate freshmen. Knight graduat
Nonhuman primates as models for the discovery and development of ebolavirus therapeutics
No full textHigh degree of correlation between Ebola virus BSL-4 neutralization assays and pseudotyped VSV BSL-2 fluorescence reduction neutralization test
No full textPre-symptomatic diagnosis and treatment of filovirus diseases
No full textFiloviruses are virulent human pathogens which cause severe illness with high case fatality rates and for which there are no available FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics. Diagnostic tools including antibody- and molecular-based assays, mass spectrometry, and next-generation sequencing are continually under development. Assays using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have become the mainstay for the detection of filoviruses in outbreak settings. In many cases, real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR allows for the detection of filoviruses to be carried out with minimal manipulation and equipment and can provide results in less than two hours. In cases of novel, highly diverse filoviruses, random-primed pyrosequencing approaches have proved useful. Ideally, diagnostic tests would allow for diagnosis of filovirus infection as early as possible after infection, either before symptoms begin, in the event of a known exposure or epidemiologic outbreak, or post-symptomatically. If tests could provide an early definitive diagnosis, then this information may be used to inform the choice of possible therapeutics. Several exciting new candidate therapeutics have been described recently; molecules that have therapeutic activity when administered to animal models of infection several days post-exposure, once signs of disease have begun. The latest data for candidate nucleoside analogs, small interfering RNA molecules, phosphorodiamidate molecules, as well as antibody and blood-product therapeutics and therapeutic vaccines are discussed. For filovirus researchers and government agencies interested in making treatments available for a nation’s defense as well as its general public, having the right diagnostic tools to identify filovirus infections, as well as a panel of available therapeutics for treatment when needed, is a high priority. Additional research in both areas is required for ultimate success, but significant progress is being made to reach these goals
A STAT-1 knockout mouse model for Machupo virus pathogenesis
No full textAbstract Background Machupo virus (MACV), a member of the Arenaviridae, causes Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, with ~20% lethality in humans. The pathogenesis of MACV infection is poorly understood, and there are no clinically proven treatments for disease. This is due, in part, to a paucity of small animal models for MACV infection in which to discover and explore candidate therapeutics. Methods Mice lacking signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) were infected with MACV. Lethality, viral replication, metabolic changes, hematology, histopathology, and systemic cytokine expression were analyzed throughout the course of infection. Results We report here that STAT-1 knockout mice succumbed to MACV infection within 7-8 days, and presented some relevant clinical and histopathological manifestations of disease. Furthermore, the model was used to validate the efficacy of ribavirin in protection against infection. Conclusions The STAT-1 knockout mouse model can be a useful small animal model for drug testing and preliminary immunological analysis of lethal MACV infection.</p
The Impact of Regulations, Safety Considerations and Physical Limitations on Research Progress at Maximum Biocontainment
No full textWe describe herein, limitations on research at biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) containment laboratories, with regard to biosecurity regulations, safety considerations, research space limitations, and physical constraints in executing experimental procedures. These limitations can severely impact the number of collaborations and size of research projects investigating microbial pathogens of biodefense concern. Acquisition, use, storage, and transfer of biological select agents and toxins (BSAT) are highly regulated due to their potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety. All federal, state, city, and local regulations must be followed to obtain and maintain registration for the institution to conduct research involving BSAT. These include initial screening and continuous monitoring of personnel, controlled access to containment laboratories, accurate and current BSAT inventory records. Safety considerations are paramount in BSL-4 containment laboratories while considering the types of research tools, workflow and time required for conducting both in vivo and in vitro experiments in limited space. Required use of a positive-pressure encapsulating suit imposes tremendous physical limitations on the researcher. Successful mitigation of these constraints requires additional time, effort, good communication, and creative solutions. Test and evaluation of novel vaccines and therapeutics conducted under good laboratory practice (GLP) conditions for FDA approval are prioritized and frequently share the same physical space with important ongoing basic research studies. The possibilities and limitations of biomedical research involving microbial pathogens of biodefense concern in BSL-4 containment laboratories are explored in this review
Immunogenicity of combination DNA vaccines for Rift Valley fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, Hantaan virus, and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
No full textDNAvaccines for RiftValley fever virus (RVFV), Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Hantaan virus (HTNV), were tested in mice alone or in various combinations. The bunyavirus vaccines (RVFV, CCHFV, and HTNV) expressed Gn and Gc genes, and the flavivirus vaccine (TBEV) expressed the preM and E genes. All vaccines were delivered by gene gun. The TBEV DNA vaccine and the RVFV DNA vaccine elicited similar levels of antibodies and protected mice from challenge when delivered alone or in combination with other DNAs. Although in general, the HTNV and CCHFV DNA vaccines were not very immunogenic in mice, there were no major differences in performance when given alone or in combination with the other vaccine
Validation of the Filovirus Plaque Assay for Use in Preclinical Studies
No full textA plaque assay for quantitating filoviruses in virus stocks, prepared viral challenge inocula and samples from research animals has recently been fully characterized and standardized for use across multiple institutions performing Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) studies. After standardization studies were completed, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)-compliant plaque assay method validation studies to demonstrate suitability for reliable and reproducible measurement of the Marburg Virus Angola (MARV) variant and Ebola Virus Kikwit (EBOV) variant commenced at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). The validation parameters tested included accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, stability of the virus stocks and system suitability. The MARV and EBOV assays were confirmed to be accurate to ±0.5 log10 PFU/mL. Repeatability precision, intermediate precision and reproducibility precision were sufficient to return viral titers with a coefficient of variation (%CV) of ≤30%, deemed acceptable variation for a cell-based bioassay. Intraclass correlation statistical techniques for the evaluation of the assay’s precision when the same plaques were quantitated by two analysts returned values passing the acceptance criteria, indicating high agreement between analysts. The assay was shown to be accurate and specific when run on Nonhuman Primates (NHP) serum and plasma samples diluted in plaque assay medium, with negligible matrix effects. Virus stocks demonstrated stability for freeze-thaw cycles typical of normal usage during assay retests. The results demonstrated that the EBOV and MARV plaque assays are accurate, precise and robust for filovirus titration in samples associated with the performance of GLP animal model studies
Combating biothreat pathogens: ongoing efforts for countermeasure development and unique challenges
No full textEbolavirus Glycoprotein Fc Fusion Protein Protects Guinea Pigs against Lethal Challenge.
No full textEbola virus (EBOV), a member of the Filoviridae that can cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates, poses a significant threat to the public health. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics to prevent and treat EBOV infection. Several vaccines based on the EBOV glycoprotein (GP) are under development, including vectored, virus-like particles, and protein-based subunit vaccines. We previously demonstrated that a subunit vaccine containing the extracellular domain of the Ebola ebolavirus (EBOV) GP fused to the Fc fragment of human IgG1 (EBOVgp-Fc) protected mice against EBOV lethal challenge. Here, we show that the EBOVgp-Fc vaccine formulated with QS-21, alum, or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-poly-L-lysine carboxymethylcellulose (poly-ICLC) adjuvants induced strong humoral immune responses in guinea pigs. The vaccinated animals developed anti-GP total antibody titers of approximately 105-106 and neutralizing antibody titers of approximately 103 as assessed by a BSL-2 neutralization assay based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudotypes. The poly-ICLC formulated EBOVgp-Fc vaccine protected all the guinea pigs against EBOV lethal challenge performed under BSL-4 conditions whereas the same vaccine formulated with QS-21 or alum only induced partial protection. Vaccination with a mucin-deleted EBOVgp-Fc construct formulated with QS-21 adjuvant did not have a significant effect in anti-GP antibody levels and protection against EBOV lethal challenge compared to the full-length GP construct. The bulk of the humoral response induced by the EBOVgp-Fc vaccine was directed against epitopes outside the EBOV mucin region. Our findings indicate that different adjuvants can eliciting varying levels of protection against lethal EBOV challenge in guinea pigs vaccinated with EBOVgp-Fc, and suggest that levels of total anti-GP antibodies elicit by protein-based GP subunit vaccines do not correlate with protection. Our data further support the development of Fc fusions of GP as a candidate vaccine for human use
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