617 research outputs found
Do Interest Groups Compete?
No full textThis paper conducts a test of the hypothesis that interest groups compete strategically for influence with a policy-making agency. It adapts econometric methodology from the empirical industrial organization literature that was designed to work with discrete game-theoretic models, and uses data on whether or not supporting and opposing interest groups submitted comments to the Fish and Wildlife Service about each of 173 proposals to add new species to the endangered species list. The results imply that groups do respond to variations in the expected costs and benefits of a listing when deciding whether to pressure the agency. There is no support, however, for the hypothesis that the levels of pressure exerted by the groups emerge from the Nash equilibrium of games with simultaneous moves and perfect information.
U.S. Conservation Policy Reconsidered
No full textResearch related to the Endangered Species Act tends to take the presence of that policy as given and focus on issues of implementation and effects. This paper seeks to reconsider U.S. conservation policy entirely. The ESA does not protect species or ecosystems that are not endangered, and formally requires that conservation efforts be spread evenly across endangered species to prevent their extinctions. However, the focus of conservation science has evolved in recent years towards ecosystems and away from species. This paper characterizes the composition of optimal conservation spending when species are valued for their contributions to ecosystem services and not always for their own existence. The ESA clearly fails to provide ecosystem services when the species that provide them happen to be widespread enough not to be endangered. I show that the Noahs Ark design of the ESA is also unlikely to yield optimal conservation levels even of endangered species, and can push excess total social resources away from conservation and towards consumer goods. I show that private conservation can help to remediate inefficient distribution of government activity among species if the scale of government programs is modest enough to leave room for private initiatives to remedy accidental government misallocations. Finally, I suggest an alternative pair of policies that protect ecosystem services and match private expenditures on conservation of charismatic species.Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,
Fees in an Imperfect World: An Application to Motor Vehicle Emissions
No full textThis paper compares an emissions fee on measured vehicle emissions rates to a mandatory regulation that requires all vehicles to maintain emissions below a minimum standard. We model the motorist’s decision under the fee policy and simulate the fee and regulatory policies using data from an emissions inspection program that includes test and repair information for more than 50,000 vehicles. Under ideal conditions with perfect information and no subsidies, the fee on emissions rates performs substantially better than the regulatory policy. When more realistic modeling of available information and market conditions are included, there is little difference in the cost and effectiveness of the fee and regulatory programs. In particular, we find that the ability of the polluter to assess the emissions and cost outcomes of is critical importance for the performance of the fee policy.pollution fees, emissions control, vehicle pollution, inspection and maintenance
Data for: Intensive Margin of the Volcker Rule: Price Quality and Welfare
No full textThe replication file is also available from the author's webpage.https://sites.google.com/site/sakaiando/researc
Ando Kenkyusho : One of the Important Manufacturers Which Had Made Psychological Apparatuses in Japan before World War II.
No full textThere were four important manufactures which had made psychological apparatuses in Japan before World War Ⅱ. The author already investigated other three manufactures except Ando Kenkyusho and published the provided results. In the present research the author examines Ando Kenkyusho and its founder, Hitsujiro Ando, and shows newly obtained information. When H.Ando was an officer of the Japanese Navy (1905 -1924), he devoted himself to the development of an aptitude test and completed the test which was composed of 44 inspection items. He devised many kinds of apparatuses for the test and carried out the test to various kinds of workers of the Navy. He founded Ando Kenkyusho in November, 1924 when he was 40 years old and devoted himself to the improvement of the apparatuses used in the test until his early death in 1932. The author gave light on his work through the existing products of Ando Kenkyusho as well as through historical documents relating to him and his company
Getting on the Map: The Political Economy of State-Level Electricity Restructuring
No full textRetail competition in electricity markets is expected to lead to more efficient electricity supply, lower electricity prices, more innovation by suppliers and a greater variety of electric power service packages. However, only a handful of states have currently gone so far as to pass legislation and/or make regulatory decisions to establish retail wheeling. This paper analyzes a variety of factors that may influence the rate at which legislators and regulators move towards establishing retail competition. In general, we find that where one interest group dominates others in the struggle for influence over the decision makers, the net effect seems to push a state forward more quickly when retail wheeling is expected to yield large efficiency gains.
The Enhanced I/M Program in Arizona: Costs, Effectiveness, and a Comparison with Pre-regulatory Estimates
No full textUsing data from 1995 and 1996, the authors of this paper estimate the cost of the Arizona Enhanced I/M Program and the emission reductions achieved. They begin by enumerating briefly the components of I/M costs and discuss their size and incidence. Then they describe the empirical information from Arizona and how they use it to construct cost estimates for both vehicle inspection and repair of failing vehicles. Inspection costs include the costs of operating the test stations and the costs motorists incur in time and money to get to the station and go through the testing process. The authors find that the inspection costs account for over two-thirds of the full costs of I/M, while costs associated with actual vehicle repair account for only one third. They conclude by comparing the empirical estimates of costs and program effectiveness in the Arizona program with the ex ante estimated Enhanced I/M program costs made by the EPA in the 1992 Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA). The ex ante EPA analysis appears to have underestimated the costs of achieving the ambitious reductions in emissions hoped for under I/M.
Endangered species protection and National Forest timber sales : three essays in economics
No full textThesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 1996.Includes bibliographical references.by Amy Whritenour Ando.Ph.D
The Price-Elasticity of Stumpage Sales from Federal Forests
No full textThis paper explores the influence of the behavior of the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management on effective public policy toward the national forests. It shows that fluctuations in stumpage sales from such forests have been large. Furthermore, those fluctuations could well have a significant impact on the price elasticity of harvest even with large stocks of uncut volume under contract. System analysis of harvest and sale patterns in nine regions during the period 1951-1992 shows that stumpage sales displayed little correlation with prices during the period; the positive price elasticity of harvest seems to have been induced largely by the behavior of logging firms. However, it finds a positive link between National Forest budgets and annual sales. If budget appropriations had been negatively correlated with stumpage prices, the price elasticity of harvest from federal forests could have been severely damped.
Time-resolved-absorption spectroscopic detection of 10,10-dimethyl-10-silaanthracen-9(10H)-one oxide
No full textPT: J; CR: ANDO W, 1981, J SYN ORG CHEM JPN, V39, P613 BARTLETT PD, 1962, J AM CHEM SOC, V84, P3408 HAYASHI H, 1980, B CHEM SOC JPN, V53, P1519 KANAMARU N, 1970, B CHEM SOC JPN, V43, P3443 MURRAY RW, 1971, J AM CHEM SOC, V93, P4963 SAWAKI Y, 1981, J AM CHEM SOC, V103, P3832 SEKIGUCHI A, 1982, TETRAHEDRON LETT, V23, P4095 STEWART R, 1963, CAN J CHEM, V41, P1065 SUGAWARA T, 1983, CHEM LETT TURRO NJ, 1980, IEEE J QUANTUM ELECT, V16, P1218; NR: 10; TC: 47; J9: CHEM LETT; PG: 2; GA: RB995Source type: Electronic(1
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