160 research outputs found
Evaluating Case-Based Reasoning Systems
No full textEvaluation is an important issue for every scientific field and a necessity for an emerging soft-ware technology like case- based reasoning. This paper is a supplementation to the review of industrial case-based reasoning tools by K.-D. Althoff, E. Auriol, R. Barletta and M. Manago which describes the most detailed evaluation of commercial case-based reasoning tools currently available. The author focuses on some important aspects that correspond to the evaluation ofcase-based reasoning systems and gives links to ongoing research
Parent-Mediated Interventions With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 3/30/2017
A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of parent-mediated interventions for children with autism in occupational performance areas. Findings support improvement in social communication and symptom severity, with emerging support for feeding, play, independence, and behavior.
Primary Author and Speaker: Caitlin Dammann
Additional Authors and Speakers: Colleen Althoff, Sarah Hope, Karla Ausderau</jats:p
Improving Online Community Governance at Web Scale
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2025Nearly two out of every three people on the planet are members of an an online community, and this number is forecast to keep growing. These communities have an incredible diversity of topic, size, and structure, and they offer unique ways to connect their users and bring people together. Unfortunately, online communities have also been associated with significant offline harms, including the mental health crisis, abuse and harassment, interference with free and democratic elections, and radicalization and political polarization. Almost all online communities rely on some form of governance to set and enforce rules, role model good behavior, and generally lead the community. The forms that this governance takes varies widely from community to community. On some platforms, moderators' work is conducted in the background, while in many others, community leaders are volunteers who take a more visible role. Many communities' governance also relies on a range of complex technical tools. Some communities operate on a pseudodemocratic basis, with nominations and regular elections, while others operate on a consensus model, and still others are effectively autocracies. It is very difficult to know how best to govern an online community, given different community needs, the enormous range of available governance strategies, and the challenge of empirically measuring governance and outcomes. In this dissertation, I conduct research that makes online communities better through data-driven analyses of community values, moderation practices, and experiments with new tools.
My work focuses on three important research activities: (1) I \emph{characterize} communities' values in community members' own words to build a foundational understanding of communities' needs and what `better' actually means. (2) I \emph{assess} existing moderation practices and community affordances such as voting at a massive scale across hundreds of thousands of communities in order to identify which practices are most promising. (3) I \emph{deploy} interventions and best practices in partnership with community leaders to maximize real world impact .
Much of my research is conducted on Reddit, one of the largest platforms for online communities, and a platform where I am a longtime moderator of several subreddits, and a member of the Reddit Moderator Council. My dissertation makes several key contributions: My theoretical contributions include the first ever taxonomy of community values, based on the largest-to-date surveys of community members.
My methodological contributions include a new method for scalably measuring community outcomes by quantifying how community members talk about their moderators, and a new method for classifying the rules enforced by communities. Finally, I make artifact contributions by publishing classifiers for discussions of moderators and rules, and datasets of anonymized survey results, community rules, and news sharing behavior
The Role of Daily Food Insecurity and Depressive Symptoms in Food Acquisition and Management among Rural, Low-Income Caregivers
No full textLittle is known about the factors that contribute to the management and acquisition of food in rural, food insecure households. In this study, caregivers (N=61) with school-aged children living in rural, food insecure households were asked to complete a series of baseline questionnaires and tasks, followed by daily surveys over 35 days, which measured household food insecurity, food environment, depressive symptoms, and food-based coping strategies. Results showed that in circumstances where food insecurity is more severe, caregivers engage in more private (at-home) management strategies, and less in public food acquisition. Additionally, caregivers also engaged in more private management strategies and less private food acquisition when experiencing more severe depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that caregivers with severe food insecurity or depressive symptoms may be at risk for disengagement from external support systems around them, relying on themselves to mitigate their food insecurity. The results obtained from this study provide insight into how we may potentially re-evaluate the focus of current food-assistance program initiatives to fit the needs of rural communities.Psychological Science
ARCH-COMP20 Category Report: Stochastic Models
No full textThis report presents the results of a friendly competition for formal verification andpolicy synthesis of stochastic models. It also introduces new benchmarks within thiscategory, and recommends next steps for this category towards next year's edition of the competition. The friendly competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in Spring/Summer 2020.Virtual/online event due to COVID-19Air Transport & Operation
ARCH-COMP21 Category Report: Stochastic Models
No full textThis report presents the results of a friendly competition for formal verification andpolicy synthesis of stochastic models. It also introduces new benchmarks within this category, and recommends next steps for this category towards next year's edition of the competition. The friendly competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in Spring/Summer 2021.Air Transport & Operation
ARCH-COMP22 Category Report: Stochastic Models
No full textThis report presents the results of a friendly competition for formal verification and policy synthesis of stochastic models. It also introduces new benchmarks and their properties within this category and recommends next steps for this category towards next year’s edition of the competition. In comparison with tools on non-probabilistic models, the tools for stochastic models are at the early stages of development that do not allow full competition on a standard set of benchmarks. We report on an initiative to collect a set of minimal benchmarks that all such tools can run, thus facilitating the comparison between efficiency of the implemented techniques. The friendly competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in Summer 2022.Air Transport & Operation
ARCH-COMP18 Category Report: Stochastic Modelling
No full textThis report presents the results of a friendly competition for formal verification and policy synthesis of stochastic models. The friendly competition took place as part of the workshop Applied Verification for Continuous and Hybrid Systems (ARCH) in 2018. In this first edition, we present five benchmarks with different levels of complexities and stochastic favours. We make use of six different tools and frameworks (in alphabetical order): Barrier Certificates, FAUST2, FIRM-GDTL, Modest, SDCPN modelling & MC simulation and SReachTools; and attempt to solve instances of the five different benchmark problems. Through these benchmarks, we capture a snapshot on the current state-of the art tools and frameworks within the stochastic modelling domain. We also present the challenges encountered within this domain and highlight future plans which will push forward the development of more tools and methodologies for performing formal verification and optimal policy synthesis of stochastic processes.Air Transport & Operation
Automatic hyperlink creation using p2p and publish/subscribe
No full textAbstract. The World-Wide Web allows users to quickly and easily publish information in the form of web pages. Pages are linked to other pages already on the web using a hyperlink inserted into a web page by the page’s author that contains the URL address of another existing web page. This model of web publishing, although simple and efficient, also has the effect that links between pages must be created manually and only to pages that are known to the author of the links. This can be a disadvantage if, for example, information in a particular field is incomplete and expanding rapidly over time, and where a page author cannot be expected to know which pages are the most appropriate to link to and when they become available. In this paper, we look at a radically different model of web publishing in which the author of a web page does not specify links using URLs. Instead, the page author expresses an interest about the kind of content the page should link to and as new content comes online that matches that interest, links are inserted automatically into the original page to point to the new content. This leads to the possibility that a hyperlink from a particular location in a web page can lead to multiple destinations, something we call a multi-valued hyperlink. We also describe a prototype implementation of our web architecture, based on the CHORD-based peer-to-peer overlay network, which uses publish/subscribe to communicate page author interests to other peers in order to create links between pages.
Christian Values and Noble Ideas of Rank and their Consequences on Symbolic Acts*
No full textIn the Middle Ages a Christian system of values met the values of a noble warrior society. Although these two systems had completely different conceptions of norms, they adapted from each other certain values and symbolic forms to express these values.The development of this adaptation is depicted by treating the Christian values misericordia, humilitas and clementia. In which way did the noble warrior society take up these values and how did these norms possibly change?Misericordia, for example, became an essential part of noble behaviour, but the fundamental idea of Christian misericordia was changed. Helping the poor was often motivated by the nobles’ will to prove his mercy, not by personal compassion.Although the value of humilitas implied a sharp contrast to the values of honor and rank, one can find forms of expression, which revealed a noble’s or ruler’s humility. With his humble behaviour one proved one’s qualification and legitimacy. Humility was expressed with symbolic forms of expression like walking barefoot and in penitential clothes or making footfalls. Similarly, these forms were used in inner-secular communication to acknowledge the existing order of rank.The ritual of deditio combines the values humilitas and clementia. The author describes this ritual as a pre-arranged stage-play, in which the one’s humility granted the other’s clemency. These ‘stage-plays’ had only little in common with the original Christian virtues, but this way several elements of the Christian virtue system influenced the noble behaviour pattern
- …
