38 research outputs found
WEIBULL-EXTENDED PRANAV DISTRIBUTION: APPLICATION TO LIFETIME DATA SETS
No full textIn this article, Weibull link function initiated by Jones (2004) and extended Pranav distribution written by Uwaeme et al. (2018) are convolute to introducedWeibull-extended Pranav distribution using the idea of Tahir et al. (2016). The motivation is to develop a robust and flexible distribution that will have betterfit to any skewed data set. Different properties of the proposed distribution are obtained. Estimation of model parameters with the method of maximumlikelihood estimates are presented. Then, the new distribution is compared with some existing distributions by illustrating two different life time data sets.Hence, the results through estimation and goodness of fit criteria reveal that Weibull-extended Pranav distribution has better fit to the data sets than otherdistributions considered in the study
Management of Thyroglossal Cyst in Adults: A Single‑Institution Experience
Get PDFObjectives: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is the most common congenital anterior neck mass in clinical practice. Due to its congenital origin, presentation in adulthood is uncommon with only 7% of cases presenting in this age group. Data are therefore limited on the management of TDC in adults, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes the pattern of the presentation and treatment outcomes, following the management of TDC in a series of adults in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective review of all adult patients with TDCs over a 5-year period was carried out. Sociodemographic data, operative details, and postoperative outcomes were obtained and presented as descriptive statistics. Results: Seven adult patients, including five males and two females, were managed during the period. Their ages ranged from 19 to 60 years, with a mean of 37 ± 16.4 years. All the patients presented with anterior neck swellings which had been present for a median duration of 3 years. Cysts were located in the infrahyoid position in all instances, and all had Sistrunk operation over a mean operative time of 78 ± 16 min. There were no intraoperative complications. The mean duration of the postoperative stay was 2 days. There was no recurrence after a median follow-up period of 15 months. Conclusion: This study highlights the rarity of TDC in adults and describes a single institution's experience with the management of adult cases of TDC using the classical Sistrunk operation
Dental Arch Dimensions of Nigerian Children with Hypertrophied Adenoids
Get PDFObjective:The study objective was to assess the effect of adenoid hypertrophy on the dental arch dimensions of children in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.Methods:Ninety patients aged 3-12 years attending the Otorhinolaryngology Clinic at Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Ile-Ife diagnosed as having hypertrophied adenoids and 90 children from the Child Dental Health Clinic were recruited as adenoid and control subjects respectively. Arch and palatal vault dimensions, including total arch length; inter-canine, inter-premolar, and inter-molar widths; palatal length; and palatal heights measured at three levels and palatal volume were determined for both groups from dental casts.Results:Maxillary arch dimensions were shorter in the adenoid group than the control group; however, only total maxillary arch length was significantly shorter (p=0.049). Mandibular arch dimensions with the exception of inter-molar width were significantly shorter in the adenoid group (p<0.05). Adenoid subjects had significantly increased palatal heights at canine, premolar, and molar levels and reduced palatal volume compared to the control subjects (p<0.05).Conclusion:Adenoid subjects demonstrated shorter maxillary and mandibular arch dimensions compared with control subjects, with the differences being more evident in the lower arch. They also exhibited increased palatal heights at all levels and reduced palatal volume compared with control subjects
Assessing the correlations between subjective symptom scores and turbinoseptal relationships in pretreatment adults with chronic rhinosinusitis
No full textAbstract Background This study was undertaken to assess the correlations between subjective symptom score in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and endoscopic turbinoseptal relationship (TSR). Aim To assess the pattern of TSR and their correlations with symptom score in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Settings and design This was an observational study in a tertiary/teaching hospital setting Patients and Methods Consecutive pretreatment adults with chronic rhinosinusitis completed the sinonasal outcome test 22 (SNOT22) and had nasal endoscopy. At endoscopy, the TSR was determined, as well as the presence of nasal polyps. Statistical analysis Mean SNOT22 score was calculated and TSR types were grouped and their distribution documented with types 3 and 4 taken as unfavorable types. χ2-Tests were used to determine the correlations between turbinoseptal types, presence of nasal polys, and SNOT22 scores with the level of significance set at P value up to 0.05. Results A total of 53 [23 (43.4%) men and 30 (56.6%) women] patients with a mean age of 42.5±18.6, completed the study. Median symptom duration was 36 weeks (13–112 weeks). Mean SNOT22 score was 29.7±2.8. Unfavorable TSR types were found in 42.5% of nostrils, more on the right (χ2=13.2; P≤0.01). There is no significant correlation between the presence of unfavorable TSR and worsening total SNOT22 scores [R (K-S=0.13 P=0.95) L (K-S=0.34, P=0.07)]. Conclusion Unfavorable TSR is common in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. However, there is no correlation between the presence of abnormal TSR and symptom scores
Caractéristiques occlusales des enfants présentant des végétations hypertrophiées au Nigéria
No full textCharacterization of colonizing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from surgical wards' patients in a Nigerian university hospital.
No full textIn contrast to developed countries, only limited data on the prevalence, resistance and clonal structure of Staphylococcus aureus are available for African countries. Since S. aureus carriage is a risk factor for postoperative wound infection, patients who had been hospitalized in surgical wards in a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital were screened for S. aureus carriage. All S. aureus isolates were genotyped (spa, agr) and assigned to multilocus sequence types (MLST). Species affiliation, methicillin-resistance, and the possession of pyrogenic toxin superantigens (PTSAg), exfoliative toxins (ETs) and Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) were analyzed. Of 192 patients screened, the S. aureus carrier rate was 31.8 % (n = 61). Of these isolates, 7 (11.5%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). The isolates comprised 24 spa types. The most frequent spa types were t064, t084, t311, and t1931, while the most prevalent MLST clonal complexes were CC5 and CC15. The most frequent PTSAg genes detected were seg/sei (41.0%) followed by seb (29.5%), sea (19.7%), seh (14.7%) and sec (11.5). The difference between the possession of classical and newly described PTSAg genes was not significant (63.9% versus 59.0% respectively; P = 0.602). PVL encoding genes were found in 39.3% isolates. All MRSA isolates were PVL negative, SCCmec types I and VI in MLST CC 5 and CC 30, respectively. Typing of the accessory gene regulator (agr) showed the following distribution: agr group 1 (n = 20), group II (n = 17), group III (n = 14) and group IV (n = 10). Compared to European data, enterotoxin gene seb and PVL-encoding genes were more prevalent in Nigerian methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates, which may therefore act as potential reservoir for PVL and PTSAg genes
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Entwined positionality and interpretive frames of reference: an autoethnographic account
Get PDFThis paper investigates the ethnographic researcher’s positionality and its role in sensemaking within the research process. Using autoethnographic data of the first author - a black female West African (Yoruba) scholar in a Western organizational context, we adopt a critical sensemaking approach to make sense of the researcher’s field experience. We propose a conceptualization of the researcher’s positionality as one that is entwined in the field, being an active interaction of the researcher’s formative context with her sensory capabilities. We demonstrate how openness to the researcher’s entwined positionality generates interpretive frames of reference and uncovers nuances in the sensemaking process, which widens the scope for reflexivity. We offer a methodological roadmap for engaging entwined positionality in reflexive practice and contribute to the body of research which challenges the idea of the detached researcher; thus, we respond to the growing calls for integrating the elements of a researcher’s positionality into research in a way that enhances reflexivity
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Pen Stroking the Soul of a People: Spiritual Foundations of Black Diasporan Literature
No full textThis project examines the presence of African-derived spiritual ideals within the black literary tradition as a means of highlighting the fundamental influence of spirituality on communities of the modern black diaspora. I begin the discussion with an examination of traditional African spirituality, focusing on Nigerian author Chinua Achebe's Things Fall Apart (1958). This discussion identifies four core principles of traditional African spirituality that resonate most thoroughly in diasporan communities: the interconnection of sacred and secular spheres, the concept of cyclical rather than linear time, the emphasis on a communal ethos, and the necessity for balance and reconciliation. I then examine the development of what I define as "Black Diasporan Spirituality," considering how these principles, resonating to varying degrees, constitute the basis for a philosophical system defining the universe and the place and role of mankind within it, as understood by African-descended peoples throughout the diaspora. Subsequently, I discuss the ways in which core elements of black spirituality at once inform and are represented in literature produced in Africa and the diaspora. Beginning with an analysis of James Weldon Johnson's God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse (1927) and Zora Neale Hurston's Jonah's Gourd Vine(1934), I examine "Black Diasporan Spirituality" as a defining influence on the black oral tradition, centering my discussion on the cultural articulation of the African American song sermon. Using James Baldwin's Go Tell It on the Mountain (1953) and The Amen Corner (1954), I then examine the consequences of religious practice in the absence of black spiritual ideals. Focusing on the presence of spirituality in spaces which are not formally designated as religious, I then consider Gloria Naylor's Mama Day (1988) as a narrative that positions "Black Diasporan Spirituality" as vital to the healing processes of black communities, addressing both the trauma and the reconciliation inherent in the construction of diaspora. Ultimately, this dissertation argues that a clear understanding of the nature and character of black spirituality is essential to understanding not only the literature, but also the many circumstances--historical, social and cultural--of the communities out of which each text emerges.Afro-American StudiesDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.
