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Sul complesso rapporto tra teorie normative e scienze empiriche
No full textIl presente contributo prende in esame due questioni che, seppure in modo diverso, riguardano i rapporti quanto mai complessi che intercorrono tra teorie normative, in particolare quelle sviluppate dalla filosofia morale, e scienze empiriche: in primo luogo, l’eventualità che le scienze empiriche possano contribuire a corroborare o falsificare particolare tesi normative e, in secondo luogo, il rapporto tra i diversi livelli che contraddistinguono teorie normative e descrittive.This comment analyzes two issues regarding the complex relationship between normative theories, particularly those developed by moral philosophy, and empirical sciences: first, the possibility that empirical sciences help corroborate or falsify normative theories and, second, the different levels that characterize normative theories and descriptive hypotheses
Conversation with Pieranna Garavaso
No full textPieranna Garavaso is Emerita Professor of Philosophy at the University of Minnesota, Morris. Her research areas include epistemological and metaphysical issues in the philosophy of mathematics, philosophy of language, personal identity, and feminist epistemologies. She received her doctorate in philosophy from the University of Nebraska Lincoln in 1985. She has published Filosofia della matematica. Numeri e strutture (Guerini 1998), Filosofia delle donne (Laterza 2007, coauthored with N. Vassallo), and Frege on Thinking and its Epistemic Significance (Lexington Books 2014, coauthored with N. Vassallo). She edited Philip Hugly and Charles Sayward, Arithmetic and Ontology: A Non-Realist Philosophy of Mathematics (Rodopi 2006), a monographic issue of Paradigmi devoted to Contemporary Perspectives on Frege (2013), and The Bloomsbury Companion to Analytic Feminism (Bloomsbury 2018). She has published articles in English and Italian journals and in edited collections. The University of Minnesota has recognized her teaching and research with three awards: the University of Minnesota, Morris Alumni Association Teaching Award in 2003, the Horace T. Morse University of Minnesota Alumni Association Award for Outstanding Contribution to Undergraduate Education in 2004, and the University of Minnesota Morris Faculty Distinguished Research Award in 2017. In this interview, she explains what led her to leave Italy in the early 1980’s to study philosophy in the US. She also illustrates how her ontological anti-realism in the philosophy of mathematics has influenced her work in feminist epistemology and metaphysics. She defends analytic philosophy from the accusation of being less friendly than continental philosophy towards feminist philosophy
Do Feeding and Eating Disorders Fit the General Definition of Mental Disorder?
No full textThis paper aims at considering the conceptual status of feeding and eating disorders (FEDs). Now that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) has changed the classification and some relevant criteria of FEDs, it is particularly relevant to evaluate their psychiatric framework and their status as mental disorders. I focus my efforts on addressing only one specific question: Do FEDs fit the DSM-5 general definition of mental disorder? In DSM-5 a mental disorder is defined as a syndrome that reflects a dysfunction and is usually associated with significant distress or disability. More importantly, there is an explicit statement saying that all mental disorders listed in the manual must meet the requirements highlighted by the general definition. Thus, I evaluate whether or not FEDs are really meant to reflect a dysfunction and are usually associated with significant distress or disability
The Notion of Gender in Psychiatry: A Focus on DSM-5
No full textIn this paper I review how the notion of gender is understood in psychiatry, specifically in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). First, I examine the contraposition between sex and gender, and argue that it is still retained by DSM-5, even though with some caveats. Second, I claim that, even if genderqueer people are not pathologized and gender pluralism is the background assumption, some diagnostic criteria still conceal a residue of gender dualism and essentialism. Third, I consider gender dysphoria, which is characterized by an incongruence between one’s experienced or expressed gender and one’s assigned gender; since this condition pertains to distress and disability, not to the incongruence per se, it does not pathologize transgender people. Still, I contend that it should be removed from DSM-5 for theoretical reasons
COVID-19 come causa di morte: una nozione tra fatti e valori
No full textIl presente contributo mostra come la certificazione di morte per Covid-19 sia un processo com- plesso che mette in gioco componenti convenzionali (tra cui le regole dell’Organizzazione mondiale della sanità), fattuali (lo stato effettivo del paziente e la capacità diagnostica del medico), nonché scelte di valore. Quest’ultima componente emerge dalla nostra analisi filosofica del concetto di causalità in uso nella scheda di morte, che è meccanicistico ma con un criterio di selezione di tipo manipolazioni- stico, in cui si privilegia la condizione di più facile, efficace o urgente prevenzione
Introduction by guest editors
No full textIntroduction to the BOOK SYMPOSIUM ON "THE BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF HEALTH AND DISEASE: NEW PHILOSOPHICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENTS", BY DEREK BOLTON AND GRANT GILLET
Representing Wine Concepts: A Hybrid Approach
No full textWines with geographical indication can be classified and represented by such features as designations of origin, producers, vintage years, alcoholic strength, and grape varieties; these features allow us to define wines in terms of a set of necessary and/or sufficient conditions. However, wines can also be identified by other characteristics, involving their look, smell, and taste; in this case, it is hard to define wines in terms of necessary and/or sufficient conditions, as wine concepts exhibit typicality effects. This is a setback for the design of computer science ontologies aiming to represent wine concepts, since knowledge representation formalisms commonly adopted in this field do not allow for the representation of concepts in terms of typical traits. To solve this problem, we propose to adopt a hybrid approach in which ontology-oriented formalisms are combined with a geometric representation of knowledge based on conceptual spaces. As in conceptual spaces, concepts are identified in terms of a number of quality dimensions. In order to determine those relevant for wine representation, we use the terminology developed by the Italian Association of Sommeliers to describe wines. This will allow us to understand typicality effects about wines, determine prototypes and better exemplars, and measure the degree of similarity between different wines
Non-epistemic factors in epidemiological models. The case of mortality data
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has made it especially visible that mortality data are a key component of epidemiological models, being a single indicator that provides information about various health aspects, such as disease prevalence and effectiveness of interventions, and thus enabling predictions on many fronts. In this paper we illustrate the interrelation between facts and values in death statistics, by analyzing the rules for death certification issued by the World Health Organization. We show how the notion of the underlying cause of death can change in view of public health goals. This brings us to a general point about how non-epistemic factors, such as values and goals, are reflected in the choice of different measures in epidemiological models. We finally argue that this analysis is not only relevant from a theoretical point of view but also has important practical consequences
Book symposium on The Biopsychosocial Model of Health and Disease: New Philo-sophical and Scientific Developments, by Derek Bolton and Grant Gillett
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