200,509 research outputs found
Mediorhynchus amini R. & Smales 2014, sp. n.
No full textMediorhynchus amini sp. n. Figs 9-17 MATERIAL EXAMINED: MHNG-INVE-84833; holotype male, small intestine, Myiarchus ferox (Gmelin, 1789) (Tyrannidae), Paraguay, Route Filadelfia-Teniente, Montana 8 km, 23.11.1993. – MHNG-INVE-84844; paratype (allotype) female, small intestine, Myiarchus ferox (Gmelin, 1789), Paraguay, Filadelfia-Teniente, Montana 8 km, 23.11.1993. – MHNG-INVE- 38411; 1 male, 2 females, 7 pieces of female, paratypes, small intestine, Myiarchus ferox (Gmelin, 1789), Paraguay, Filadelfia-Teniente, Montana 8 km, 23.11.1993. – MHNG-INVE- 38434; 1 female voucher specimen, small intestine, Myiarchus ferox (Gmelin, 1789), Carapegua, 10.10.1982. ETYMOLOGY: The species is named to recognize the contribution of Dr Omar Amin to acanthocephalan taxonomy. DESCRIPTION General: (based on 2 males, 4 females) Robust worms, medium sized, trunk cylindrical, thick, with shoulders, posterior third expanded in male, slightly tapering at posterior end in female, aspinose (Figs 9, 11). Main lacunar canals with regular lateral branches. Proboscis conical, truncated, in 2 parts; anterior proboscis with rooted hooks, posterior proboscis wider, with spines; hooks and spines embedded in cuticular papillae when proboscis not fully extended. Roots of hooks flask shaped with rounded larger posterior ends, spines slender with either reduced slender flask shaped roots or basal discs. Proboscis armature similar in both sexes, 22-24 rows of 5-6 hooks, about same number of irregular rows 5-6 spines (Fig. 10). Hook lengths, sequence of 2 longitudinal rows measured from anterior, 7 -; 18, 18; 16.5, 16; 22, 12; 13, 12; 13, 8 long; spines 5, 10 long (Figs 13, 14). Neck unarmed, conical, widest at junction with broader trunk. Proboscis receptacle attached anteriorly at junction between anterior and posterior proboscis, about twice as long as proboscis, with cerebral ganglion near mid region (Fig 16). Lemnisci long, slender, equal, inserted at base of neck (Fig. 9). Genital pore, male and female, terminal. Male: (Based on 2 specimens) Trunk 9.1, 11 mm long, 680, 850 wide. Proboscis 470 long, 370 wide; anterior proboscis 290, posterior proboscis 180. Neck 120 long, 300 wide. Proboscis receptacle 850 long, 320 at widest part. Lemnisci 2800 long, 100 wide. Testes ovoid, tandem, contiguous, in posterior third of trunk; anterior testis 680 long, 305 wide; posterior testis 985 long, 440 wide. Cement glands 8 globular, in cluster, each about 100 wide. Saefftigen’s pouch 600 long (Fig. 15). Female: (based on 4 specimens) Trunk 15-22 (18.75) mm long, 670-1105 (826) wide. Proboscis 415-770 (630) long; anterior proboscis 230-380 (350) long, posterior proboscis 185-385 (373) long; 315-375 (337) wide. Neck 105-170 (150) long, 370-450 (423) wide. Proboscis receptacle 670-750 (707) long, 215-220 (217) wide. Lemnisci 7500 (1 measurement) long, 110 wide. Reproductive tract, 500, 600 long (Fig. 17). Eggs ovoid, with concentric shells and thin outer membrane; 49.5-56.1 (52.8) long, 26.4-29.7 (28.0) wide (Fig. 12). COMMENTS: Mediorhynchus amini sp. n. demonstrates the characters of the genus as described by Van Cleave (1916) and discussed by Schmidt & Kuntz (1977) and Amin & Dailey (1998). None of the species of Mediorhynchus described to date have spines with markedly reduced, but typically shaped, roots on the posterior proboscis. Consideration of the key of Schmidt & Kuntz (1977) indicated that M. amini with a proboscis armature of 22-24 rows of 5-6 hooks, largest hooks 18-22 was most similar to M. corcoracis Johnston & Edmonds, 1951 with 22 rows of 5-6 hooks, largest hooks 14-18. Mediorhynchus amini further differs from M. corcoracis in having about the same number of rows of 5-6 spines compared with 40 rows of 4-5 spines. Mediorhynchus amini, is a much smaller worm (males 9-11, compared with 25-33 mm long) with smaller testes (680-985 compared with 1600-2600) than M. corcoracis (Johnston & Edmonds, 1951). Of the species listed or described by Amin et al. (2008) since the key was developed; namely M. channapettae George & Nadakal, 1984, M. fatimaae, Khan, Bilqees & Muti-ur-Rehman, 2004, M. lophurae Wang, 1966, M. mariae George & Nadakal, 1984, M. mattei, Marchand & Vassiliades, 1982, M. nickoli Khan, Bilqees & Muti-ur-Rehman, 2004, M. rajasthanensis Gupta, 1976 and M. lanius Amin, Ha & Heckman, 2008 only M. lanius with 22 rows of 6-7 hooks and 29 rows of 4-5 spines has a proboscis hook formula approaching that of M. amini. Mediorhynchus amini, however, further differs from M. lanius in being a smaller worm (males 9-11 compared with 28. 75 mm long) and having smaller hooks and spines (hooks 7-18, spines 5-10 long, compared with hooks 35-45, spines 30-37 long) (Gupta, 1976; Marchand & Vassiliades, 1982; George & Nadakal, 1984; Khan et al., 2004; Amin et al., 2008). An additional 7 species are known including; M. colluricinclae Smales, 2002, (proboscis armature 26-28 rows of 7-8 hooks and 36-38 rows of 3-8 spines), M. cisticolae Smales, 2011 (proboscis armature 20-22 rows of 5-6 hooks and 26 rows of 2-3 spines), M. gibsoni Bilqees, Khan, Khatoon & Khatoon, 2007 (proboscis armature 25 rows of 8-12 hooks and 10 rows of 8-16 spines), M. spinaepaucitas Smales, 2011 (proboscis armature 20-22 rows of 4-5 hooks and 30 rows of 4-5 spines), and M. turdi Smales, 2011 (proboscis armature 24-28 rows of 7-9 hooks and 35-40 rows of 3-5 spines) (Bilqees et al., 2007; Smales, 2011). None of the above species have proboscis armature similar to that of M. amini. Mediorhynchus peruensis (proboscis armature 14-16 rows of 4-6 hooks and a total of 104-120 spines) (Moya et al., 2011) is the only species to have been described from South America since Amin et al. (2008) reviewed the genus. The proboscis armature of M. amini (22-24 rows of 5-6 hooks and 5-6 spines), however, does not resemble that of M. peruensis (Moya et al., 2011).Published as part of Smales, L. R., 2014, Acanthocephala, including the descriptions of two new species of Mediorhynchus (Gigantorhynchidae) from birds from Paraguay, South America, pp. 261-276 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 121 (2) on pages 269-272, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.582304
A parametric study of wave energy converter layouts in real wave models
No full textOcean wave energy is a broadly accessible renewable energy source; however, it is not fully developed. Further studies on wave energy converter (WEC) technologies are required in order to achieve more commercial developments. In this study, four CETO6 spherical WEC arrangements have been investigated, in which a fully submerged spherical converter is modelled. The numerical model is applied using linear potential theory, frequency-domain analysis, and irregular wave scenario. We investigate a parametric study of the distance influence between WECs and the effect of rotation regarding significant wave direction in each arrangement compared to the pre-defined layout. Moreover, we perform a numerical landscape analysis using a grid search technique to validate the best-found power output of the layout in real wave models of four locations on the southern Australian coast. The results specify the prominent role of the distance between WECs, along with the relative angle of the layout to dominant wave direction, in harnessing more power from the waves. Furthermore, it is observed that a rise in the number of WECs contributed to an increase in the optimum distance between converters. Consequently, the maximum exploited power from each buoy array has been found, indicating the optimum values of the distance between buoys in different real wave scenarios and the relative angle of the designed layout with respect to the dominant in-site wave direction
Stigmaeus kurdistaniensis Khanjani & Amini & Khanjani 2015, n. sp.
No full text<i>Stigmaeus kurdistaniensis</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs. 1-2)</p> <p> Diagnosis — Prodorsum with large, reticulated shield; eyes absent and post-ocular bodies present; median hysterosomal shield with 2 pairs of setae; suranal shield entire, with 2 pairs of setae (<i> h 3</i> absent). All dorsal shields reticulated. Endopodal shields and coxal areas reticulated; dorsal setae long and serrate. Aggenital plate reticulated and with 3 pairs of setae (<i> ag 1 -ag 3</i> ) and genital shield with 1 pair of setae (<i>g</i>). Palp tarsus with one tridentae eupathidium and palp genu with 2 setae. Femora I-II with 6, 5 setae respectively; genua I-IV 3(+ <i>κ</i>)-3(+ <i>κ</i>)- 1-1. Palp and leg’s segments with reticulations.</p> <p> Type materials — Holotype female and 3 paratype females collected from soil under apple trees, <i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh. (Rosaceae), Iran: Kurdistan Province, Ghorveh city (35°10’ N, 47°48’ E, 1906 m a.s.l.) 4 September 2013, coll. F. Amini. The holotype female and 2 paratype females are deposited as slide-mounted specimens in the Collection of the Acarology Laboratory, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamadan, Iran and one paratype female will be deposited in the National Collection of Arachnida, Plant Protection Research, Pretoria, South Africa.</p> <p> <b>Description</b></p> <p> <i>Female</i> (n = 4) — Colour in life red. Idiosoma oval. Measurements of holotype with measurements of paratypes in parentheses: Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 600 (559 – 618), (including gnathosoma) 761 (700 – 753); width 420 (313 – 415).</p> <p> Dorsum (Figure 1A) — All dorsal shields reticulated; prodorsum with large shield medially; bearing three pairs of setae (<i>vi, ve</i>, <i>sci</i>), post ocular bodies (<i>pob</i>) present and eyes absent, setae <i>sce</i> located on small plates laterally; hysterosomal area C-E with a large shield medially and 4 pairs of small plates, median hysterosomal shield with two setae (<i> c 1</i> , <i> d 1</i> ), setae <i> d 2</i> located on large, lateral, hysterosomal shields; ventro-lateral, humeral plate with setae <i> c 2</i> ; intercalary shields (F) with setae <i> f 1</i> ; suranal shield (H) entire, bearing 2 pairs of setae (<i> h 1-2</i> ). All dorsal setae long and with a cluster of barbs distally except setae <i> c 2</i> sparsely serrate; setae <i> c 2</i> longer than the others. Lengths of dorsal setae: <i>vi</i> 95 (93 – 97), <i>ve</i> 125 (114 – 123), <i>sci</i> 73 (67 – 75), <i>sce</i> 93 (93 – 98), <i> c 1</i> 86 (82 – 90), <i> c 2</i> 136 (130 – 137), <i> d 1</i> 88 (82 – 90), <i> d 2</i> 91 (86 – 94), <i> e 1</i> 90 (82 – 92), <i> e 2</i> 98 (87 – 99), <i> f 1</i> 96 (87 – 99), <i> h 1</i> 90 (90 – 92), <i> h 2</i> 85 (84 – 86). Distances between dorsal s <i>etae: vi-vi</i> 35 (39 – 40), <i>ve-ve</i> 100 (89 – 103), <i>sci-sci</i> 175 (154 – 180), <i>sce-sce</i> 235 (232 – 251), <i> c 1 -c 1</i> 89 (77 – 94), <i> c 2 -c 2</i> 420 (312 – 417), <i> d 1 -d 1</i> 92 (73 – 95), <i> d 2 -d 2</i> 291 (257 – 293), <i> e 1 -e 1</i> 83 (73 – 82), <i> e 2 -e 2</i> 292 (243 – 289), <i> f 1 -f 1</i> 165 (145 – 167), <i> h 1 -h 1</i> 68 (56 – 65), <i> h 2 -h 2</i> 141 (134 – 142), <i>vi-ve</i> 125 (62 – 125), <i>ve-sci</i> 58 (57 – 67), <i>sci-sce</i> 50 (37 – 47), <i> c 1 -c 2</i> 95 (99 – 157), <i> d 1 -d 2</i> 108 (92 – 106), <i> e 1 -e 2</i> 101 (82 – 94), <i> h 1 -h 2</i> 45 (37 – 45), <i> c 1 -d 1</i> 100 (93 – 105), <i> d 1 -e 1</i> 100 (81 – 102), <i> e 1 -f 1</i> 79 (75 – 83), <i> f 1 -h 1</i> 91 (72 – 89); <i>ratio: vi/vi-vi</i> 2.71 (2.38), <i> c 1 /c 1 -c 1</i> 0.97 (0.95 – 1.06), <i> d 1 /d 1 -d 1</i> 0.96 (0.99 – 1.17), <i> e 1 /e 1 - e 1</i> 1.08 (1.12 – 1.13), <i> f 1 /f 1 -f 1</i> 0.58 (0.59 – 0.6), <i> h 1 /h 1 -h 1</i> 1.32 (1.61 – 1.42), <i> c 1 -c 1: d 1 -d 1: e 1 -e 1: f 1 -f 1</i> : 0.53 (0.53 – 0.56): 0.55 (0.50 – 0.56): 0.50 (0.49 – 0.50): 1.0 (1.0).</p> <p> Venter (Figure 1B) — Ventral cuticle striated coxisternal regions I-II and III-IV with reticulations (Figure 1B). Lengths of setae <i>1a</i> 36 (35 – 40), <i>1b</i> 38 (31 – 40), <i>1c</i> 70 (65 – 72), <i>2b</i> 63 (59 – 67), <i>2c</i> 42 (39 – 43), <i>3a</i> 38 (38 – 42), <i>3b</i> 43 (38 – 45), <i>3c</i> 45 (31 – 40), <i>4a</i> 41 (36 – 43), <i>4b</i> 37 (37 – 41), <i>4c</i> 37 (33 – 38), <i> ag 1</i> 34 (33 – 37), <i> ag 2</i> 39 (37 – 40), <i> ag 3</i> 49 (47 – 50), <i>g</i> 27 (25 – 30), <i> ps 1</i> 65 (66 – 73), <i> ps 2</i> 37 (37 – 45), <i> ps 3</i> 40 (39 – 44). Aggenital area reticulated, with 3 setae (<i> ag 1-3</i> ), setae <i> ag 3</i> longer than <i> ag 1-2</i> ; genital shield with 1 pair of setae (<i>g</i>); anal plate with 3 pairs of setae (<i> ps 1-3</i> ), pseudanal setae <i> ps 1</i> distally serrated and almost two times longer than setae <i> ps 2-3</i> .</p> <p> Gnathosoma (Figure 1C) — Ventral infracapitulum with two pairs of infracapitular setae, <i>m</i> 43 (40 – 43) and <i>n</i> 34 (29 – 36), two pairs of adoral setae, <i>or1</i> 29 (30 – 32), <i>or2</i> 38 (37 – 39) (Figure 1C). Chelicerae free 95 (95 – 100), movable digit 127 (126 – 132) (Figure 1A). Palp five segmented, palp tarsus with 4 simple setae + one simple eupathidium + one solenidion (<i>ω</i>) + one tridentae eupathidium, palp tibia with two setae + one well developed claw + one accessory claw seta-like, palp genu with one seta and palp femur with three setae (Figure 1C).</p> <p> Legs (Figures 1 D-G) — Length of leg I 253 (243 – 273); leg II 221 (208 – 238); leg III 230 (223 – 243), leg IV 251 (253 – 270). Setal formulae of leg segments (solenidia in parentheses and not included in setal counts) as follows: coxae 2-2-2-2; trochanters 1-1-2-1; femora 6-5-3-2, genua 3(+ <i>κ</i>)- 3(+ <i>κ</i>)- 1-1; tibiae 5(+ <i>’</i>, + <i>’ρ</i>)- 5(+ <i>’ρ</i>)- 5(+ <i>’ρ</i>)- 5(+ <i>’ρ</i>); tarsi 13(+ <i>ω</i>)- 9(+ <i>ω</i>)-7(+ <i>ω</i>)-7(+ <i>ω</i>). Length of solenidia: I <i>ω</i> 25 (20 – 30), II <i>ω</i> 25 (26 – 28), III <i>ω</i> 15 (14 – 20), IV <i>ω</i> 15 (14 – 18); I <i>’ρ</i> 39 (37 – 39), I <i>’</i> 16 (12 – 18), II <i>’ρ</i> 32 (32 – 35), III <i>’ρ</i> 24 (24 – 29), IV <i>’ρ</i> 28 (27 – 29); I <i>κ</i> 72 (72 – 77), II <i>κ</i> 12 (10 – 11).</p> <p> <i>Male</i> (n = 1) — Idiosoma oval. Length of body (excluding gnathosoma) 587, (including gnathosoma) 655; width 275.</p> <p> Dorsum (Figure 2A) — Dorsal shields completely reticulated; prodorsal shield bearing four pairs of setae (<i>vi, ve</i>, <i>sci, sce</i>); post ocular bodies (<i>pob</i>) present; eyes absent; hysterosomal area C-F almost covered by large median and 3 pairs of plates laterally (Figure 2A); median and lateral hysterosomal shields fused, with setae <i> c 1</i> , <i> d 1</i> , <i> d 2</i> , <i> e 1</i> , intercalary shield divided with setae <i> f 1</i> ; suranal shield entire, with two pairs of setae (<i> h 1</i> , <i> h 2</i> ). All dorsal setae barbed. Lengths of dorsal setae: <i>vi</i> 92, <i>ve</i> 107, <i>sci</i> 70, <i>sce</i> 100, <i> c 1</i> 50, <i> c 2</i> 95, <i> d 1</i> 45, <i> d 2</i> 55, <i> e 1</i> 30, <i> e 2</i> 107, <i> f 1</i> 80, <i> h 1</i> 52, <i> h 2</i> 70. Distances between dorsal setae: <i>vi-vi</i> 37, <i>ve-ve</i> 85, <i>sci -sci</i> 67, <i>sce-sce</i> 232, <i> c 1 -c 1</i> 57, <i> c 2 -c 2</i> 275, <i> d 1 - d 1</i> 57, <i> d 2 -d 2</i> 182, <i> e 1 - e 1</i> 42, <i> e 2 -e 2</i> 150, <i> f 1 -f 1</i> 92, <i> h 1 -h 1</i> 37, <i> h 2 -h 2</i> 80, <i>vi-ve</i> 55, <i>ve-sci</i> 62, <i>sci-sce</i> 45, <i> c 1 -c 2</i> 50, <i> d 1 -d 2</i> 65, <i> e 1 - e 2</i> 60, <i> h 1 -h 2</i> 25, <i> c 1 -d 1</i> 67, <i> d 1 - e 1</i> 60, <i> e 1 -f 1</i> 42, <i> f 1 -h 1</i> 52. Ratio: <i>vi/vi-vi</i> 2.48, <i> c 1</i> / <i> c 1 -c 1</i> 0.87, <i> d 1</i> / <i> d 1 -d 1</i> 0.78, <i> e 1</i> / <i> e 1 - e 1</i> 0.71, <i> f 1</i> / <i> f 1 -f 1</i> 0.86, <i> h 1</i> / <i> h 1 -h 1</i> 1.4, <i> h 2</i> / <i> h 2 -h 2</i> 0.87, <i> h 1 /h 2</i> 0.74, <i> c 1 -c 1: d 1 -d 1: e 1 -e 1: f 1 -f 1</i> : 0.62: 0.62: 0.45: 1.0.</p> <p> Venter (Figure 2B) — Endopodal shields I-II and III-IV with reticulations. Lengths of setae <i>1a</i> 22, <i>1b</i> 35, <i>1c</i> 35, <i>2b</i> 35, <i>2c</i> 27, <i>3a</i> 2, <i>3b</i> 22, <i>3c</i> 17, <i>4a</i> 27, <i>4b</i> 25 and <i>4c</i> 20, <i> ag 1</i> 26, <i> ag 2</i> 30, <i> ag 3</i> 38, <i> ps 1</i> 27, <i> g 1</i> 2, <i> g 2</i> 2. Aggenital plate smooth with three setae (<i> ag 1-3</i> ).</p> <p> Gnathosoma (Figures 2 C-D) — Ventral infracapitulum reticulated and with two pairs of infracapitular setae, <i>m</i> 30 and <i>n</i> 22, two pairs of adoral setae, <i>or1</i> 22, <i>or2</i> 32 (Figure 2B). Chelicerae free 132, movable digit 65 (Figure 2D). Palp five segmented, palp tarsus with 4 simple setae + one simple eupathidium + one solenidion (<i>ω</i>) + one tridentate eupathidium, palp tibia with two setae + one well developed claw + one spine-like accessory claw, palp genu with two seta and palp femur with three setae (Figure 2C).</p> <p> Legs (Figures 2 E-H) — Length of leg I 224, leg II 195; leg III 185, leg IV 205. Setation same as female except tarsi I-IV with two solenidia and solenidia longer. Length of solenidia: I <i> ω 1</i> 43, I <i> ω 2</i> 25, II <i> ω 1</i> 38, II <i> ω 2</i> 22, III <i> ω 1</i> 32, III <i> ω 2</i> 12, IV <i> ω 1</i> 26, IV <i> ω 2</i> 12; I <i>’ρ</i> 35, I <i>’</i> 15, II <i>’ρ</i> 31, III <i>’ρ</i> 20, IV <i>’ρ</i> 23; I <i>κ</i> 55; II <i>κ</i> 8.</p> <p> Remarks — The new species <i>Stigmaeus kurdistaniensis</i> <b>n. sp.</b> resembles <i>S. siculus</i> (Berlese, 1883) in that dorsal shields are reticulated, median hysterosomal shield with two setae, <i>pob</i> present, eyes and <i>h3</i> absent. However it differs from the latter in: all dorsal and ventral setae longer than that of <i>S. siculus</i>; ventral infracapitulum and all leg and palp segments with reticulations in <i>E. kurdistaniensis</i> instead of smooth in <i>S. siculus</i> and <i>pob</i> small, between setae <i>ve -sci</i> in the new species instead of large in <i>S. siculus.</i></p> <p> The new species also resembles <i>S. echinopus</i> Summers, 1962, in having all leg and palp segments with reticulations, suranal shield entire and reticulated, <i>pob</i> present and median hysterosomal shield with two setae. However, <i>S. kurdistaniensis</i> differs from the latter in: aggenital shield reticulated instead of smooth in <i>S. echinopus</i>, all dorsal and ventral setae longer than those of <i>S. echinopus</i> and genual setae <i>κ</i> short in <i>S. kurdistaniensis</i> in contrast to long in <i>S. echinopus</i>.</p> <p>Immature stages — Unknown.</p> <p>Etymology — The species is named after the locality where it was collected, namely Kurdistan province.</p>Published as part of <i>Khanjani, M., Amini, F. & Khanjani, M., 2015, A new species of the genus Stigmaeus koch (Acari: Stigmaeidae) from Kurdistan province, Iran and description of male of Prostigmaeus khanjanii Bagheri and Ghorbani, pp. 49-60 in Acarologia 55 (1)</i> on pages 50-54, DOI: 10.1051/acarologia/20152153, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5403892">http://zenodo.org/record/5403892</a>
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