35 research outputs found
Battling schistosomiasis in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan
No full textThis paper analyses changing patterns of infection with S. mansoni and S. haematobium
in Gezira Irrigation Scheme, Sudan. Taking a historical perspective, it shows the way in
which ecological, biological, social, economic and political issues have shaped patterns
of infection, and how different kinds of strategies have been developed to control
schistosomal infection over time. The article provides data using the content analysis
method reviewing researches and reports of studies done on schistosomiasis to reveal
strategies implemented to impose the control of the spreading of the disease in the area
These strategies have been shaped by wider political and economic issues occurring at
both national and international levels; and the article shows that this has had a
considerable impact on both the prevalence and intensity of schistosomal infection at a
local level. By highlighting the inter-play between biological, ecological, social, political
and economic issues at local, national and international levels, the article goes on to
reflect on the wisdom of prioritizing mass drug administration for the control of
schistosomiasis (at the expense of a more holistic, biosocial approach) in Gezira and
elsewher
Evaluation of cathodic antigen urine tests for diagnosis of schistosoma mansoni infection in Sudan
No full textBackground: Kato–Katz is the preferred method for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in stool. However, the sensitivity of this method is low and affected by day-to-day variation in egg excretion. Cathodic antigen urine tests have been proven to be sensitive for the diagnosis of S. mansoni infection in limited studies.
Aim: To evaluate the accuracy and sensitivity of cathodic antigen urine tests for the diagnosis of S. mansoni infection.
Setting and Design: This study was conducted in the Gezira Irrigation Scheme in the Gezira State, Sudan. Both S. mansoni and Schistosoma haematobium are endemic in the Gezira State. Kab-Algidad Village situated in Al Kamleen locality was selected for the study. This is a school-based, cross-sectional, comparative study.
Subjects and Methods: Female school children, aged between 11 and 14 years who consented to participate, were enrolled in the study. Stool samples were examined using Kato–Katz technique and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) digestion method. Urine samples were tested using the circulating cathodic antigen assays for the diagnosis of S. mansoni, and by centrifugation for S. haematobium.
Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using the Scientific Package for Social Sciences version 15.
Results: Cathodic antigen urine tests showed similar sensitivity to SDS and higher sensitivity compared to six Kato–Katz (reference diagnostic test).
Conclusion: Cathodic antigen urine tests is a useful tool for mapping S. mansoni and may be used to evaluate the interruption of transmission
Location of Biomphalaria pfeifferi by Schistosoma mansoni miracidia in stagnant and running water under field conditions
No full textThe invasion of Biomphalaria pfeifferi by Schistosoma mansoni miracidia and the development of daughter sporocysts
No full textCemâleddin el-Konevî ve el-Mu'temed fî Ehâdîsi'l-Müsned adlı eserinin tahkiki ve incelemesi
No full textBu çalışma Ebû Hanîfe’nin (ö. 150/ 767) Ebû Muhammed Abdullah Hârisî (ö. 340/ 951) tarafından derlenen Müsned’i üzerine yapılmış el-Mu‘temed fî ehâdîsi’l-Müsned adlı ihtisar çalışmasının tahkikidir. Hicrî IV. (X.) asır muhaddis ve fakihlerinden Sebezmûnlu Hârisî Ebû Hanîfe Müsned’inde, kendisine kadar ulaşan senedleriyle birlikte Ebû Hanîfe’nin rivayetlerinden oluşan 915 hadisi bir araya getirmiştir.Bu eseri ihtisar eden VIII. (XIV.) asrın başkadılarından Cemâleddin Konevî (ö. 770/ 1369) çalışmasında hadisleri konulara göre tasnif etmiştir. Cemâleddin Konevî, Hârisî’nin Müsned’inde senedli olarak verilen hadislerin senedlerini hazf etmiş, manayı etkileyecek farklılıklar bulunmadığı müddetçe mükerrer rivayetleri de çıkarmıştır. Yer verilen mükerrer rivayetlerde ise sadece manayı etkileyecek farklılıklar zikredilmiştir.Tezin Türkçe bölümünde yazarın biyografisi ve eserinin önemi üzerinde durulmuş, Arapça bölümünde ise eserin tahkiki gerçekleştirilmiştir.This studying is a review about a summary work called “al-Mutamad fi Ahadeeth al-Musnad” by al-Harithee which is a compilation about the narratives of Abu Hanifah. The author is Jamaluddin al-Qonawi and he is one of the highest hanefi scholars of the eighth century.When al-Harithee collected the 915 narratives of Abu Hanifah, Jamaluddin el-Qonawi reduced them to 418 and sorted them by headlines. In this summary work, as long as there are no differences in the content, there is no space given for the repetitive narratives. However the repetitive narratives which have differences in the content aren’t completely narrated but just the part which is different.This thesis is built of an introduction, two main parts and a conclusion. The introduction is about the subject, the purpose and the method of this work. This first main part is sorted in the five parts of the biography of the author, the introduction of “al-mutamad fi Ahadeeth al-Musnad”, the proportion of the author in his work, the presentation of the handmade copies of the author and the method he used to summary. The second main part is about the reviewed text. After that there is the conclusion and the index
Policies and Processes for Social Inclusion: Using EquiFrame and EquIPP for Policy Dialogue; Comment on “Are Sexual and Reproductive Health Policies Designed for All? Vulnerable Groups in Policy Documents of Four European Countries and Their Involvement in Policy Development”
No full textThe application of EquiFrame in the analysis of sexual and reproductive health policies by Ivanova et al to a new thematic area, their selection of only some of the Core Concepts of human rights in health service provision and the addition of new vulnerable groups relevant to the purpose of their analysis, are all very welcome developments. We also applaud their application of EquiFrame to policies in countries where it has not previously been used, along with their use of interviews with policy-makers to produce a deeper understanding of policy processes. We argue that clear justification for the inclusion of additional, or replacement of some exiting vulnerable groups within EquiFrame should be accompanied by clear definitions of such groups, along with the evidence-base that justifies their classification as a vulnerable or marginalised group. To illustrate the versatility of EquiFrame, we summarise a range of ways in which it has been used across a number of regions; including a brief Case Study of its use to develop the National Health Policy of Malawi. While EquiFrame focuses on policy content, we preview a new policy analysis tool – Equity and Inclusion in Policy Processes (EquIPP) – which assesses the extent of equity and inclusion in broader policy processes. Together, EquiFrame and EquIPP can be used to help governments and civil society ensure that policies are addressing the much stronger emphasis on social inclusion, now apparent in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Policies and Processes for Social Inclusion: Using EquiFrame and EquIPP for Policy Dialogue Comment on “Are Sexual and Reproductive Health Policies Designed for All? Vulnerable Groups in Policy Documents of Four European Countries and Their Involvement in Policy Development”
No full textThe application of EquiFrame in the analysis of sexual and reproductive health policies by Ivanova et al to a new
thematic area, their selection of only some of the Core Concepts of human rights in health service provision and
the addition of new vulnerable groups relevant to the purpose of their analysis, are all very welcome developments.
We also applaud their application of EquiFrame to policies in countries where it has not previously been used,
along with their use of interviews with policy-makers to produce a deeper understanding of policy processes. We
argue that clear justification for the inclusion of additional, or replacement of some exiting vulnerable groups
within EquiFrame should be accompanied by clear definitions of such groups, along with the evidence-base that
justifies their classification as a vulnerable or marginalised group. To illustrate the versatility of EquiFrame, we
summarise a range of ways in which it has been used across a number of regions; including a brief Case Study of
its use to develop the National Health Policy of Malawi. While EquiFrame focuses on policy content, we preview a
new policy analysis tool – Equity and Inclusion in Policy Processes (EquIPP) – which assesses the extent of equity
and inclusion in broader policy processes. Together, EquiFrame and EquIPP can be used to help governments and
civil society ensure that policies are addressing the much stronger emphasis on social inclusion, now apparent in
the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Keywords: Policy Analysis, EquiFrame, Equity an
Inclusion of vulnerable groups in health policies : regional policies on health priorities in Africa
No full textCITATION: Schneider, M., et al. 2013. Inclusion of vulnerable groups in health policies : regional policies on health priorities in Africa. African Journal of Disability, 2(1): 1-9, doi: 10.4102/ajod.v2i1.40.The original publication is available at http://www.ajod.orgBackground: If access to equitable health care is to be achieved for all, policy documents must
mention and address in some detail different needs of groups vulnerable to not accessing such
health care. If these needs are not addressed in the policy documents, there is little chance that
they will be addressed at the stage of implementation.
Objectives: This paper reports on an analysis of 11 African Union (AU) policy documents
to ascertain the frequency and the extent of mention of 13 core concepts in relation to 12
vulnerable groups, with a specific focus on people with disabilities.
Method: The paper applied the EquiFrame analytical framework to the 11 AU policy
documents. The 11 documents were analysed in terms of how many times a core concept
was mentioned and the extent of information on how the core concept should be addressed
at the implementation level. Each core concept mention was further analysed in terms of the
vulnerable group in referred to.
Results: The analysis of regional AU policies highlighted the broad nature of the reference
made to vulnerable groups, with a lack of detailed specifications of different needs of different
groups. This is confirmed in the highest vulnerable group mention being for ‘universal’. The
reading of the documents suggests that vulnerable groups are homogeneous in their needs,
which is not the case. There is a lack of recognition of different needs of different vulnerable
groups in accessing health care.
Conclusion: The need for more information and knowledge on the needs of all vulnerable
groups is evident. The current lack of mention and of any detail on how to address needs of
vulnerable groups will significantly impair the access to equitable health care for all.http://www.ajod.org/index.php/ajod/article/view/40Publisher's versio
Core Concepts of Human Rights and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups in the Namibian Policy on Orthopaedic Technical Services
No full textPurpose: Despite a highly progressive legislation and clear governmental commitment, living conditions among persons with disabilities in Namibia are systematically lower than among persons without disabilities. This implies that persons with disabilities are denied equal opportunities to participate and contribute to society, and consequently are denied their human rights.Methods: EquiFrame, an innovative policy analysis framework, was used to analyse Namibian Policy on Orthopaedic Technical Services. EquiFrame evaluates the degree of stated commitment of an existing health policy to 21 Core Concepts of human rights and to 12 Vulnerable Groups, guided by the ethos of universal, equitable and accessible health services.Results: A number of Core Concepts of human rights and Vulnerable Groups were found to be absent in the Namibian Policy on Orthopaedic Technical Services, and its Overall Summary Ranking was assessed as Moderate.Conclusion and Implications: The Namibian health sector faces significant challenges in addressing inequities with respect to its policy on Orthopaedic Technical Services. If policy content, or policy ‘on the books’, is not inclusive of vulnerable groups and observant of core concepts of human rights, then health practices are also unlikely to do so. This paper illustrates that EquiFrame can provide the strategic guidance for the reform of Namibian Orthopaedic Technical Services policy, leading to universal and equitable access to healthcare.doi: 10.5463/dcid.v23i3.132</p
