7 research outputs found
Evolving provenance in the Proterozoic Pranhita-Godavari Basin, India
No full textAbstract not available.Udeni Amarasinghe, Asru Chaudhuri, Alan S. Collins, Gautam Deb, Sarbani Patranabis-De
A geochronological U-Pb zircon La-ICPMS age and provenance study of Wanni, Highland and Vijayan Complexes of Sri Lanka and Proterozoic Pranhita Godavari Purana Basin of India unveils origin of Sri Lanka
No full textThe island of Sri Lanka is the focus of Neoproterozoic super continent Gondwana. But the geological origin and paleotectonic position of Sri Lanka are least understood without knowing age and provenance of the four main crustal units, the Wanni Complex (WC), Highland Complex (HC), Vijayan Complex (VC) and the Kadugannawa Complex (KC). The study of age and provenance of metaquartzites of the WC and HC, leucosomes and paleosomes of migmatites of the WC, and charnockites of the HC and VC of Sri Lanka and sedimentary rocks of neighboring Proterozoic rift basins like Pranhita-Godavari basin of central India is significant in research on origin of Sri Lanka and also continental evolution to unravel the paleotectonic position of Sri Lanka before Gondwana being amalgamated in the Neoproterozoic. This study examined age of detrital zircon cores and metamorphic rims of metaquartzite, migmatite and charnockite samples along two west to east transects across the island of Sri Lanka as well as sedimentary rock samples from the Pranhita-Godavari rift basin of India using the LA-ICPMS method. The U-Pb zircon isotopic data from metaquartzites of WC ( near WC-HC boundary) and HC demonstrate dominant Mesoarchaean to Paleoproterozoic (2.0-2.8 Ga) detrital input into the metasedimentary make up and near boundary WC and HC metaquartzites were deposited between 2000 Ma and ~550 Ma with a maximum age of deposition ~ 2000 Ma, however a sample from the western WC was deposited in early Neoproterozpoic and mixed with Paleoproterozoic to Neoarchaean detritus indicating WC and HC terranes existed adjacent to each other since early Neoproterozoic and current WC-HC boundary is inaccurate and to be shifted westwards. This study reveals that parent materials of leucosomes of WC migmatitic gneisses are metasedimentary and showing late Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic provenance (0.70-1.15 Ga) with maximum age of deposition at ~700 Ma. But paleosomes of WC migmatites show metaigneous origin with older Mesoarchaean ages (2.85-3.0 Ga) and have been identified in this study as the Mesoarchaean reworked continental basement material of WC. The HC charnockites clearly show metaigneous origin and primary intrusion ages of ~1.82 to 1.85 Ga. whilst a sample from the VC shows metasedimentary origin. A weighted mean of all rim data of WC and HC yields an age of 545.1 ± 9.7 Ma, supporting the age of Ediacaran-Cambrian metamorphism. Metaquartzite rocks of the HC of Sri Lanka are correlated with the Trivandrum Block and Northern Madurai Block of South India and the Itremo Group of Madagascar whilst metaquartzites of the western WC of Sri Lanka are correlated with the Southern Madurai Block of South India and the Molo Group of Madagascar and Sri Lankan metaquartzites were most probably sourced from east African igneous protolith sources. These differences in sedimentary provenance and maximum age of deposition prove and confirm that WC was a different crustal domain from the HC terrane. All this strongly supports a double subduction and collisional geological origin for the island of Sri Lanka with ‘HC orogeny’ occurred when the Southern Madurai Block of India (SMB)-WC and VC Mesoarchaean continental blocks collided with the HC orogenic belt and the oceanic crust of deeper basin of HC had subducted underneath the SMB-WC and VC continental blocks when ancient south Mozambique ocean closed along WC-HC boundary and HC-VC boundary sutures. This study reveals that Sri Lanka’s paleotectonic position could be south east of south India connecting Trivandrum Block to the HC and WC to the Southern Madurai Block. The study also reveals that the Pranhita-Godavari Basin was sourced from Eastern Ghats and Antarctica unlike Sri Lankan terranes were sourced from East Africa indicating Southern Granulite Terrane of India and Sri Lanka were not parts of mainland cratonic India until Ediacaran-Cambrian times.Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2017
CORRELATION BETWEEN BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) AND CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) FOR DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATERS
No full textRecombinant canarypox virus vaccine co-expressing genes encoding the VP2 and VP5 outer capsid proteins of bluetongue virus induces high level protection in sheep
No full textWe describe the development and preliminary characterization of a recombinant canarypox virus vectored vaccine for protective immunization of ruminants against bluetongue virus (BTV) infection. Sheep (n=6) immunized with recombinant canarypox virus vector (BTV-CP) co-expressing synthetic genes encoding the two outer capsid proteins (VP2 and VP5) of BTV serotype 17 (BTV-17) developed high titers (40–160) of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies and were resistant to challenge with a field strain of BTV-17. In contrast, sheep (n=5) immunized with a commercial recombinant canarypox virus vector expressing the E and preM genes of West Nile virus were seronegative to BTV and developed pyrexia, lymphopenia, and extended, high-titered viremias following challenge exposure to the field strain of BTV-17. These data confirm that the BTV-CP vaccine may be useful for the protective immunization of ruminants against bluetongue, and it may avoid the problems inherent to live-attenuated (LA) BTV vaccines
Detection of antibodies to West Nile virus in equine sera using microsphere immunoassay
No full textOne hundred and ninety-one sera from horses that recently were exposed to West Nile virus (WNV) by either vaccination or natural infection or that were not vaccinated and remained free of infection were used to evaluate fluorescent microsphere immunoassays (MIAs) incorporating recombinant WNV envelope protein (rE) and recombinant nonstructural proteins (rNS1, rNS3, and rNS5) for detection of equine antibodies to WNV. The rE MIA had a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of 99.3% and 97.4% for detection of WNV antibodies in the serum of horses that were recently vaccinated or naturally infected with WNV, as compared to the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The positive rE MIA results were assumed to be WNV-specific because of the close agreement between this assay and the PRNT and the fact that unvaccinated control horses included in this study were confirmed to be free of exposure to the related St Louis encephalitis virus. The NS protein-based MIA were all less sensitive than either the rE MIA or PRNT (sensitivity 0-48.0), although the rNSI MIA distinguished horses vaccinated with the recombinant WNV vaccine from those that were immunized with the inactivated WNV vaccine (P < 0.0001) or naturally infected with WNV (P < 0.0001). The rE MIA would appear to provide a rapid, convenient, inexpensive, and accurate test for the screening of equine sera for the presence of antibodies to WNV.Accession Number: 16921881. Language: English. Language Code: eng. Date Revised: 20071114. Date Created: 20060822. Date Completed: 20061006. Update Code: 20111122. Publication Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Journal ID: 9011490. Publication Model: Print. Cited Medium: Print. NLM ISO Abbr: J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. Linking ISSN: 10406387. Subset: IM. Date of Electronic Publication: 20060701; ID: 16921881Source type: Electronic(1)http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&AN=16921881&site=eds-liv
Genomics accurately predicts antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius collected as part of Vet-LIRN resistance monitoring
No full textWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) has changed our understanding of bacterial pathogens, aiding outbreak investigations and advancing our knowledge of their genetic features. However, there has been limited use of genomics to understand antimicrobial resistance of veterinary pathogens, which would help identify emerging resistance mechanisms and track their spread. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the correlation between resistance genotypes and phenotypes for Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, a major pathogen of companion animals, by comparing broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS. From 2017-2019, we conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing and WGS on S. pseudintermedius isolates collected from dogs in the United States as a part of the Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network (Vet-LIRN) antimicrobial resistance monitoring program. Across thirteen antimicrobials in nine classes, resistance genotypes correlated with clinical resistance phenotypes 98.4 % of the time among a collection of 592 isolates. Our findings represent isolates from diverse lineages based on phylogenetic analyses, and these strong correlations are comparable to those from studies of several human pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. We uncovered some important findings, including that 32.3 % of isolates had the mecA gene, which correlated with oxacillin resistance 97.0 % of the time. We also identified a novel rpoB mutation likely encoding rifampin resistance. These results show the value in using WGS to assess antimicrobial resistance in veterinary pathogens and to reveal putative new mechanisms of resistance
Evaluation of a field-deployable reverse transcription-insulated isothermal PCR for rapid and sensitive on-site detection of Zika virus
No full textAbstract Background The recent emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil and its precipitous expansion throughout the Americas has highlighted the urgent need for a rapid and reliable on-site diagnostic assay suitable for viral detection. Such point-of-need (PON), low-cost diagnostics are essential for ZIKV control in vulnerable areas with limited resources. Methods We developed and evaluated a ZIKV-specific field-deployable RT-iiPCR reagent set targeting the E gene for rapid detection of ZIKV in ZIKV-spiked human and mosquito specimens, and compared its performance to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) RT-qPCR assays targeting the E and NS2B genes, respectively. Results These assays demonstrated exclusive specificity for ZIKV (African and Asian lineages), had limits of detection ranging from 10 to 100 in vitro transcribed RNA copies/μl and detection endpoints at 10 plaque forming units/ml of infectious tissue culture fluid. Analysis of human whole blood, plasma, serum, semen, urine, and mosquito pool samples spiked with ZIKV showed an agreement of 90% (k = 0.80), 92% (k = 0.82), 95% (k = 0.86), 92% (k = 0.81), 90% (k = 0.79), and 100% (k = 1), respectively, between the RT-iiPCR assay and composite results from the reference RT-qPCR assays. Overall, the concurrence between the ZIKV RT-iiPCR and the reference RT-qPCR assays was 92% (k = 0.83). Conclusions The ZIKV RT-iiPCR has a performance comparable to the reference CDC and PAHO RT-qPCR assays but provides much faster results (~1.5 h) with a field-deployable system that can be utilized as a PON diagnostic with the potential to significantly improve the quality of the health care system in vulnerable areas
