16 research outputs found
FIG. 4 in DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
No full textFIG. 4. Portrait of M. phillipsi sp. nov. NMSL 2021.03.02.NHPublished as part of Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, B., Kanishka D., Kruskop, V., Sergei, Amarasinghe & J., Chamara, 2022, DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1) on page 8, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/773478
FIG. 7 in DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
No full textFIG. 7. Ventral aspect of cranium of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (MHNG 1981.071); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164504); C — M. pusillus (V/M/ERS/570); D — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype)Published as part of Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, B., Kanishka D., Kruskop, V., Sergei, Amarasinghe & J., Chamara, 2022, DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/773478
FIG. 5 in DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
No full textFIG. 5. Dorsal aspect of cranium of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (MHNG 1981.071); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164504); C — M. pusillus (V/M/ERS/570); D — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype)Published as part of Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, B., Kanishka D., Kruskop, V., Sergei, Amarasinghe & J., Chamara, 2022, DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/773478
FIG. 8 in DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
No full textFIG. 8. Tragus of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (ZMMU S-172585); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164505); C — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype); D — M. pusillus (ZMMU S-172595)Published as part of Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, B., Kanishka D., Kruskop, V., Sergei, Amarasinghe & J., Chamara, 2022, DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/773478
FIG. 6 in DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
No full textFIG. 6. Lateral aspect of cranium and mandible of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (MHNG 1981.071); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164504); C — M. pusillus (V/M/ERS/570); D — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype)Published as part of Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, B., Kanishka D., Kruskop, V., Sergei, Amarasinghe & J., Chamara, 2022, DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/773478
FIG. 1 in DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
No full textFIG. 1. Bayesian majority-rule consensus tree of the COI gene of Asian Miniopterus species. Dark circles depict nodes with Bayesian posterior probability ≥ 0.95 and maximum likelihood bootstrap support ≥ 70. The outgroup Chaerephon plicatus is not shown. Scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per sitePublished as part of Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, B., Kanishka D., Kruskop, V., Sergei, Amarasinghe & J., Chamara, 2022, DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/773478
DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
No full textKusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B., Kruskop, Sergei V., Amarasinghe, Chamara J., Saikia, Uttam, Venugopal, Parvathy, Karunarathna, Mathisha, Gamage, Rajika, Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, Gábor, Yapa, Wipula B., Patterson, Bruce D. (2022): DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka. Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.00
FIG. 8 in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
No full textFIG. 8. Tragus of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (ZMMU S-172585); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164505); C — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype); D — M. pusillus (ZMMU S-172595)Published as part of Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B., Kruskop, Sergei V., Amarasinghe, Chamara J., Saikia, Uttam, Venugopal, Parvathy, Karunarathna, Mathisha, Gamage, Rajika, Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, Gábor, Yapa, Wipula B. & Patterson, Bruce D., 2022, DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1) on page 14, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/773478
FIG. 6 in DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka
No full textFIG. 6. Lateral aspect of cranium and mandible of Miniopterus species in India and Sri Lanka. A — M. magnater (MHNG 1981.071); B — M. fuliginosus (ZMMU S-164504); C — M. pusillus (V/M/ERS/570); D — M. phillipsi sp. nov. (NMSL 2021.03.01.NH, holotype)Published as part of Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, Kanishka D. B., Kruskop, Sergei V., Amarasinghe, Chamara J., Saikia, Uttam, Venugopal, Parvathy, Karunarathna, Mathisha, Gamage, Rajika, Ruedi, Manuel, Csorba, Gábor, Yapa, Wipula B. & Patterson, Bruce D., 2022, DNA barcoding and morphological analyses reveal a cryptic species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, http://zenodo.org/record/773478
Miniopterus phillipsi Kusuminda & Tharaka & Mannakkara & Amani & Ukuwela & B. & Kruskop & V. & Amarasinghe & J. 2022, sp. nov.
No full text<p> <i>Miniopterus phillipsi</i> sp. nov. Phillips’s Long fingered Bat</p> <i>Synonymy</i> <p> <i>Miniopterus schreibersii</i> Blanford, 1891 (in part): not <i>Vespertilio schreibersii</i> Kuhl, 1817.</p> <p> <i>Miniopterus fuliginosus</i> Tian <i>et al</i>., 2004 (in part): not <i>Vespertilio fuliginosus</i> Hodgson, 1835.</p> <i>Holotype</i> <p> NMSL 2021.03.01.NH (field no. TK0122), collected by Tharaka Kusuminda and Mathisha Karunarathne on 29 January 2019. An adult female preserved in 70% alcohol and deposited at National Museum of Sri Lanka, the skull has been extracted and cleaned. There is a scar on left shoulder of the specimen made while collecting the tissue sample. Its partial <i>COI</i> sequence is available from GenBank as accession OL688878.</p> <i>Type locality</i> <p>Idulgashinna cave, near Idulgashinna railway station (6.779131 N, 80.896704 E; 1590 m a.s.l. — Fig. 3 and Supplementary Fig. S2), at an edge of Dunkanda division of Bio Tea Garden tea plantation in the Badulla District, Uva Province, Sri Lanka. The holotype was collected in a harp trap set in front of the cave entrance.</p> <i>Paratypes</i> <p>Two adult male specimens NMSL 2021.03.02.NH and NMSL 2021.03.03.NH, collected at the same locality as the holotype on 29 January 2019 (Fig. 4). These two specimens are currently preserved in 70% alcohol at National Museum of Sri Lanka. Tongue muscle of NMSL 2021.03.02.NH was preserved in 99% ethanol. The skulls were extracted and cleaned. The paratypes were not sequenced.</p> <i>Referred specimens</i> <p> Two specimens (NMSL 177C and NWRTC TK156) were collected from mid-elevations in Kegalle District of Central Sri Lanka (a cave in Sandaraja forest, Doteloya, Aranayaka, Sri Lanka on 02 January 2019). These two specimens have not been sequenced for <i>COI</i> gene, but one (NMSL 177C) has been sequenced for the mitochondrial 16S gene and was determined to be the same species (T. Kusuminda, A. Mannakkara, K. D. B. Ukuwela, M. Karunarathna, B. D. Patterson, and W. B. Yapa, In litt.). Moreover, these two specimens are morphologically identifiable as <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. by LDA. A biopsy punch was obtained from a <i>Miniopterus</i> captured and released (field no. TK0064) near the Tea Research Institute in Nuwara Eliya District (Talawakele, Sri Lanka on 02 October 2018). This individual’s <i>COI</i> sequence (GenBank no. OL 688877) was 98% similar to the holotype’s sequence, hence it was identified as <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. Another three specimens (NMSL 177D, NWRTC TK117 and HZM 263.29194) were collected from Wavulgalge cave, Nikapitiya, Wellwaya (Moneragala District of Sri Lanka) and four specimens (NMSL 177E, HZM 260.27644, HZM 261.27645 and HZM 262.29137) were collected from Wavulpane cave, Pallebedda (Ratnapura District of Sri Lanka). These seven specimens have not been sequenced but morphological similarities and LDA assignments provisionally assign them to <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. Likewise, 18 specimens collected from Western India (HZM 258.25669, HZM 254.25009, HNHM 92.156.1 – HNHM 92.124.16) have not been sequenced but were identified morphologically as <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. using LDA; they were obtained from the same colony where a genotyped individual for <i>COI</i> gene (GenBank no. MG821206 — C. Srinivasulu, B. Srinivasulu, T. A. Shah, and G. Devender, unpublished data) was collected, i.e. Robbers’ Cave, near Mahabaleswar, Maharashtra, India (Fig. 3).</p> <i>Etymology</i> <p>This species is named after W. W. A. Phillips (William Watt Addison Phillips, 1892–1981) in recognition of his immense contributions to studies on the mammals of Sri Lanka and South Asia. Phillips was born and grew up in England and he was a nature lover since his childhood. He was a tea planter by profession and came to Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in 1911.</p> <i>Diagnosis</i> <p> <i>Miniopterus phillipsi</i> sp. nov. is distinguished by its intermediate size from both smaller and larger congeners in India and Sri Lanka. <i>M. pusillus</i> is much smaller than <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. in the external measurements TIB (<18 mm), FA (<43 mm), d 3m (<40 mm), d 4m (<38 mm) and d 5m (<36 mm) and in skull length (GSKL <14.7 mm). <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. is distinguished from <i>M. magnater</i> by the latter’s larger external measurements (HB> 56 mm and d 3m> 46 mm) and skull size (GLSK> 16.4 mm — Tables 3 and 4). The new species is generally smaller than <i>M. fuliginosus</i> in both external and cranial dimensions, although there is slight overlap (Figs. 5–7). There are significant differences between <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. and <i>M. fuliginosus</i> in GSKL (<i>P</i> <0.001), ZYW (<i>P</i> = 0.026), MAW (<i>P</i> <0.001), BCW (<i>P</i> = 0.046), LW (<i>P</i> = 0.001), ML (<i>P</i> = 0.001), M3–M3 (<i>P</i> = 0.002), C–M3 (<i>P</i> = 0.002), I1 –M3 (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and i1 –m3 (<i>P</i> <0.001). In all of these craniodental characters, <i>M. fuliginosus</i> is larger than <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. (Tables 4 and 5). <i>Miniopterus phillipsi</i> sp. nov. also differs significantly from <i>M. fuliginosus</i> in the ratio of tibia to forearm length (TIB / FA; <i>P =</i> 0.002) and the ratio of second phalanx of third digit to third metacarpal (d3mp2/d 3m; <i>P</i> = 0.023). In <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov., TIB/FA ratio is usually higher (median: 42.16%, range: 41.1–43.9%) than in <i>M. fuliginosus</i> (40.78%, 39.6–42.1%), whereas d3mp2/d 3m ratio is lower (83.27%, 79.3–90.4% versus 88.55%, 81.6– 90.9%, respectively). The tragus of <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. is medium-sized in both length and width. The tragus of <i>M. magnater</i> is longer, broader, and more pointed towards the tip than the other three species in India and Sri Lanka. The middle of the tragus is much broader than its base and tip in <i>M. magnater</i> (slightly broader in <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov.). The tragus of <i>M. fuliginosus</i> has parallel margins along most of its length, as does that of <i>M. pusillus.</i> However, the tragus of <i>M. pusillus</i> is shorter in length and barely curved forward compared to the other three species (Fig. 8).</p> <i>Description</i> <p> <i>Miniopterus phillipsi</i> sp. nov. is a medium-sized bat (FA 44–49 mm) exhibiting the typical features of the genus i.e. an elongated second phalanx of the third digit, short and rounded ears, high forehead, short and broad muzzle, and slender and slightly curved tragus with rounded tip (Supplementary Fig. S 3). Tail length approximately equals head-andbody length (Table 3). The ear is relatively short and rounded (ca. 12 mm in length) and not readily distinguishable from that of <i>M. fuliginosus</i> (Table 3). The tragus is medium sized (5 mm) and slightly curved forward with a rounded tip (Fig. 8). The external measurements of the holotype, paratypes and other specimens of <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. are given in Table 3. Fur is dense and soft, fairly long above and short below. Fur slightly extending onto the membranes ventrally, but dorsally confined to the body. The pelage is chocolate-brown above and slightly paler on the under parts (Supplementary Fig. S 4). Individual hairs are the same color throughout. The skull of <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. has a wide rostrum and round braincase typical of the genus (Figs. 5–7). Cranial measurements for the holotype and paratypes of <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. are shown in Table 4. The dentition of <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. is I 2 /3, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 3/3, which is typical of the genus <i>Miniopterus</i>. Dental measurements of the holotype and paratypes of <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. are shown in Table 5.</p> <i>Natural History</i> <p>This species is distributed from lower to higher elevations (263–1590 m) of wet and intermediate climatic zones of Sri Lanka. The type locality is the highest elevation it was captured (1590 m); specimens captured at Talawakele (1411 m) document its range in the central highlands of Sri Lanka. Specimens captured at Doteloya were roosting in a granite cave at the edge of a tropical wet lowland rainforest (Survey Department of Sri Lanka, 2012). Wellawaya and Pallebedda records lie at lower elevations of intermediate climatic zone of Sri Lanka. In western India, it was recorded from Robbers’ Cave, located in the evergreen forest of Mahabaleshwar region of northern Western Ghats at an elevation of 1217 m.</p> <p> Like other members of this genus, this species apparently prefers to roost in caves and tunnels. Colony sizes of this species are estimated at 1,300 – 1,500 bats in Idulgashinna Cave, 700–1000 bats in Wavulgalge Cave, Wellawaya (Yapa <i>et al.</i>, 2005), 50–100 bats in Sandaraja Cave, Doteloya (Kusuminda <i>et al.</i>, 2020), 200,000 bats in Wavulpane Cave, Pallebedda (Digana, 2004), and 4,200 bats in Robbers’ Cave, Mahabaleshwar (Korad <i>et al.</i>, 2006). Pregnant and lactating females of this species were reported in July and August in Sri Lanka (Digana, 2004; Kusuminda <i>et al.</i>, 2018).</p> <p> holotype,. <i>phillipsi</i> the <i>M</i></p> <p> Echolocation calls of recorded <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. had a mean peak frequency (± SD) of 52.8 kHz ± 0.72 kHz (range: 51–54 kHz, <i>n</i> = 15), which did not differ from those reported for <i>M. fuliginosus</i> from Western Himalaya, India (53.1 kHz in Chakravarty <i>et al</i>., 2020) or from eight colonies in China (53–58 kHz in Zhang <i>et al</i>., 2018). Other <i>Miniopterus</i> originally reported as <i>fuliginosus</i> but presumably pertaining to <i>M. phillipsi</i> sp. nov. include bats from the Western Ghats, India (52.0 kHz in Wordley <i>et al</i>., 2014) and from Kerala, India (53.2 kHz in Srinivasulu and Srinivasulu, 2017). It appears that the new species is not distinguished from <i>M. fuliginosus</i> in echolocation calls.</p> <p> of of Measurements. Measurements. <i>n</i> size purposes sample and, comparative range for ± SD, shown 0 as are presented Sri Lanka Measurements India and in. Lanka occurring authors Sri different Idulgashinna, of <i>Miniopterus</i> assortment of from species an. by. sp nov and other specimens <i>phillipsi.</i> species other <i>M</i> of new the) mm the while (of, measurements individuals taken by TK</p> <p>MAW 8.47</p> <p>8.66 8.77</p> <p> 0.13 <i>21</i></p> <p>, 0.12, <i>14</i> 0.24, <i>12</i> 0.08 <i>7</i>, 8.1</p> <p>± 8.9 ± 9.0 ± 9.5 ± – –</p> <p>– – 8.6 8.4 8.8 8.6 9.2 8.8 8.0 7.9</p> <p>POB 3.97</p> <p>3.85 3.95</p> <p>0.08</p> <p>, <i>22</i> 0.05 <i>14</i>, 0.11, <i>13</i> 0.08 3.7, <i>7</i></p> <p>± – 4.1 ± 4.1 – ± 4.3 – ± –</p> <p>3.9 3.8 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.5</p> <p>ZYW 8.87</p> <p>8.65 8.77</p> <p>0.12</p> <p>, 9.0</p> <p> <i>21</i> 0.15 <i>13</i></p> <p>9.1,</p> <p>0.28,</p> <p>10.0</p> <p> <i>13</i> 0.09, <i>7</i></p> <p>7.9 ±</p> <p>–</p> <p>± – ± ± –</p> <p>8.7 8.5 8.8 8.6 9.5 9.1 – 7.8 7.7</p> <p>CIL 14.72</p> <p>14.82 15.18</p> <p> 0.26 ±, <i>22</i> 15.6 0.30 ± 15.7 <i>14</i>, ± 0.27 <i>13</i> 16.7, 0.17 ±, <i>7</i> 13.8 – 14.9 14.5 – 15.1 – 14.8 16.3 – 15.9 13.6 13.4</p> <p>GSKL 15.23</p> <p>15.08 15.67</p> <p> 0.24 ± <i>22</i>, 15.8 ± 0.26 <i>14</i>, 16.4 ± 0.19 <i>13</i>, 17.0 0.22 ± <i>7</i> 14.5, 15.4 – 14.9 15.8 – 15.3 16.7 16.4 – 14.1 – 13.8</p> <p>NH</p> <p>. NH NH taxon 2021.03.01. 2021.03.02. 2021.03.03 all specimens</p> <p>or Specimen. nov sp</p> <p>.</p> <p>other Cranial. and types were 4 T ABLE paratypes. sp. nov</p> <p> T. Kusuminda, A. Mannakkara, K. D. B. Ukuwela, S. V. Kruskop, C. J. Amarasinghe, <i>et al</i>.</p> <p>11.05</p> <p>4.70</p> <p>7.84 11.28</p> <p>4.97</p> <p>8.23</p> <p> 0.18 ± 11.6 <i>22</i>, 0.20 ± <i>14</i>, 11.9 0.35 ± <i>13</i> 13.0, ± 0.12 <i>7</i> 10.0, 11.2 – 10.8 11.4 – 11.1 12.4 – 12.0 9.9 9.7 –</p> <p> 0.23 <i>22</i>,</p> <p>5.4</p> <p>0.24</p> <p>6.1</p> <p>, <i>14</i> 0.26 <i>12</i></p> <p>6.3</p> <p>, 0.09,</p> <p>4.5</p> <p> <i>7</i></p> <p>± – ± – ± – ± –</p> <p>5.1 4.6 5.4 5.0 5.9 5.5 4.4 4.3</p> <p>0.13</p> <p>, <i>22</i> 0.10 <i>14</i>, 0.20 <i>13</i>, 0.19 <i>7</i>, 7.9</p> <p>± 8.2 – ± – 8.2 ± – 8.7 ± –</p> <p>8.0 7.8 8.1 7.9 8.5 8.2 7.6 7.3</p> <p>NMSL, X sp nov.. NMSL, Y nov.. sp, NMSL Y. nov. sp,</p> <p> <i>phillipsi</i></p> <p> <i>.</i></p> <p> Holotype. <i>phillipsi</i> Paratype. <i>phillipsi</i> Paratype <i>phillipsi.</i></p> <p> <i>fuliginosus. M magnater. M pusillus. M</i></p>Published as part of <i>Kusuminda, Tharaka, Mannakkara, Amani, Ukuwela, B., Kanishka D., Kruskop, V., Sergei, Amarasinghe & J., Chamara, 2022, DNA Barcoding and Morphological Analyses Reveal a Cryptic Species of Miniopterus from India and Sri Lanka, pp. 1-17 in Acta Chiropterologica 24 (1)</i> on pages 4-10, DOI: 10.3161/15081109ACC2022.24.1.001, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7734781">http://zenodo.org/record/7734781</a>
