23 research outputs found
Study on engine performance and exhaust pollutant using isobutanol - Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel - diesel ternary blends in a diesel engine / Mohd Azham Mohd Alwi
No full textRenewable energy sources such as biodiesel and bio-alcohol are desirable and are alternative to meet energy demand and control emission, from renewable sources such as ethanol, methanol, butanol, and pentanol. Biodiesel has a notable interest in offering many advantages with few disadvantages and needs to be extended for comprehensive use. Applying greater alcohols such as butanol with biodiesel in fuel blends is a beneficial technic to enhance the fuel characteristics and use biodiesel and alcohol efficiently. Isobutanol is an organic compound that has very low volatility, higher-chain alcohols have energy densities close to gasoline. It is not as volatile or corrosive as ethanol and does not readily absorb water. Furthermore, branched chain of alcohols such as isobutanol have higher-octane numbers resulting in less knocking in engines. The molecule has nearly 20 percent higher energy density compared to ethanol. The chemical structure and its production from renewable sources can enhance energy security and environmental challenges. To assess the suitability of isobutanol with biodiesel diesel blends and reveal the effects of it, 5%, 10% and 15% of isobutanol were blended with 5%, 10% and 15% of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel to enhance the fuel features and make them more viable with better engine efficiency. The experiment was carried out under distinct load circumstances on a single-cylinder compression ignition diesel engine, four-stroke, water-cooled, direct injection diesel engine, 1.97 bar to 7.88 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). The fuel characteristics, engine efficiency, and exhaust pollutants were assessed and compared to biodiesel blends and diesel from petroleum. From the experiment, it is been discovered that the diesel engine operating with higher alcohol-biodiesel blended fuels has shown higher brake specific energy consumption and exhaust gas temperature, but lower brake thermal efficiency. Then, the HC, CO, and CO2 are decreased for all higher alcohol-
biodiesel blended fuels. However, NOx, showed an increasing trend due to the increase of injection quantity and lower cetane number. It can be proved that isobutanol may be utilized as a preferential substitution with biodiesel and petroleum diesel
Rice bran oil based biodiesel production using calcium oxide catalyst derived from Chicoreus brunneus shell
No full textEnvironmental pollution and the declining global supply of accessible fossil fuels are the key drivers of the search for alternative sources of energy. Biodiesel, a renewable liquid transport fuel, is commercially-produced using heterogeneous catalysts. \ud
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Heterogeneous catalysts obtained from seashells appeared as promising alternatives thanks to their low preparation cost and increased efficiency in transesterification. In this study, shells from Chicoreus brunneus (known as Adusta murex) were calcined, hydrated, and dehydrated to produce CaO heterogeneous nanocatalyst for the transesterification of rice bran oil into biodiesel. \ud
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Field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, surface area measurement (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method), and X-ray diffraction were used to characterise the seashell-derived catalyst. The properties of the rice bran oil-derived biodiesel (acid value, calorific value, density, oxidation stability, and flash point) conformed to the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6751 and European EN 14214 biodiesel standards, except for kinematic viscosity. \ud
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Therefore, the impact of the parameters used for production of the CaO heterogeneous nanocatalyst (calcination temperature and time) and the transesterification reaction (catalyst loading and methanol to rice bran oil ratio) on the kinematic viscosity of RBO-derived biodiesel were determined. \ud
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A model for the transesterification process was developed using a combination of artificial neural networking with ant colony optimisation. The model predicted that C. brunneus-derived CaO catalyst prepared at 1100 °C for 72 min could be used to produce biodiesel from rice bran oil with a minimum kinematic viscosity (4.42 mm2 s-1) confirming to both the ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards in a transesterification reaction operating with a 35:1 methanol to rice bran oil molar ratio and 0.5 wt% catalyst mass
Assessing students’ performance in software requirements engineering education using scoring rubrics
No full textThe study investigates how helpful the use of scoring rubrics is, in the performance assessment of software requirements engineering students and whether its use can lead to students’ performance improvement in the development of software requirements artifacts and models.Scoring rubrics were used by two instructors to assess the
cognitive performance of a student in the design and development of software requirements artifacts.The study results indicate that the use of scoring rubrics is very helpful in objectively assessing the performance of software requirements
or software engineering students.Furthermore, the results revealed that the use of scoring rubrics can also produce a good achievement assessments direction showing whether a student is either improving or not in a repeated or iterative
assessment.In a nutshell, its use leads to the performance improvement of students.The results provided some insights for further investigation and will be beneficial to researchers, requirements engineers, system designers, developers and project managers
Embedding the concept of service oriented architecture into software sustainability evaluation model
No full textSoftware sustainability evaluation is a measurement mechanism which involved several criteria of software development through the characteristic and sub-characteristic with requirement to meet the needs at the present until to the future generation. The measurement mechanism can support to achieve developing software towards sustainability perspective such as environment, economic and social. This paper embedded the concept of Service-Oriented Architecture into sustainability evaluation model to support the measurement criteria in the way to build software flexibility, reusability and agility. The objective is to propose several characteristic of software development with utilizing the concept of sustainability and embedded with SOA concept. The mapping criteria of SOA and software development characteristic significantly improve the measurement criteria that can be addressed in the measurement model
Preface: The 2nd International Conference on Applied Science and Technology 2017 (ICAST’17)
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