1,720,973 research outputs found
Sospensione dell'incredulità e false credenze: una verifica sperimentale
No full textLa sospensione dello scetticismo è un atteggiamento che consiste nell’accettare delle affermazioni sospendendo il giudizio di veridicità delle stesse. Quindi consideraremomentaneamente come vere delle affermazioni che altrimenti giudicheremmo come false.Gilbert e colleghi (Gilbert, Krull, & Malone, 1990) sostengono che la sospensione dell’incredulità, e la conseguente accettazione di ogni affermazione come vera, sia un processoautomatico e condizione necessaria per comprendere. Le persone quindi avrebbero una scarsa capacità di mantenere un atteggiamento scettico o di non farsi influenzare daaffermazioni non veritiere se sottoposte a carico cognitivo o a limiti temporali.L’obiettivo di questo studio è di testare tali assunzioni in due esperimenti
Self-blame and PTSD in adolescents surviving terrorism: The mediating role of school connectedness.
No full textAre Beslan's Children Learning to Cope? A 3-Year Prospective Study of Youths Exposed to Terrorism
No full textObjective: This longitudinal study aimed to assess the course of psychological symptoms and coping behaviors in 33 adolescents directly and indirectly exposed to the 2004 terrorist attack in Beslan, Russia. We also investigated the role of coping in the development of posttraumatic stress. Method: At 1.5 and 3 years postattack, youths' psychological distress was measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory 18; emotional and behavioral difficulties were assessed via the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire; and coping behaviors were measured using the Brief COPE. Three years after the attack, posttraumatic stress symptoms were evaluated via the UCLA Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index. Results: Directly exposed youths showed a significant increase in psychological distress (P = .05) and a decrease in active coping (P = .042), whereas indirectly exposed youths reported better mental health and more active coping over time. Compared to girls, boys showed a disproportionate increase in psychological distress, emotional and behavioral problems, and avoidant coping. Direct exposure to the attack and the endorsement of avoidant coping behaviors significantly predicted the severity of posttraumatic symptoms at follow-up (P < .05 for both). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of conducting follow-up studies to monitor long-term psychological functioning and to screen for adolescents who may need additional referral for trauma treatment. The long-term detrimental effects of avoidant coping on youths' psychological well-being underscore the need to implement early psychoeducational interventions to minimize adverse outcomes and prevent the chronicity of posttraumatic reactions. © Copyright 2011 Physicians Postgraduate Press Inc
An object for an action, the same object for other actions: Effects on hand shaping
No full textObjects can be grasped in several ways due to their physical properties, the
context surrounding the object, and the goal of the grasping agent. The aim of
the present study was to investigate whether the prior-to-contact grasping
kinematics of the same object vary as a result of different goals of the person
grasping it. Subjects were requested to reach toward and grasp a bottle filled
with water, and then complete one of the following tasks: (1) Grasp it without
performing any subsequent action; (2) Lift and throw it; (3) Pour the water into
a container; (4) Place it accurately on a target area; (5) Pass it to another
person. We measured the angular excursions at both metacarpal-phalangeal (mcp)
and proximal interphalangeal (pip) joints of all digits, and abduction angles of
adjacent digit pairs by means of resistive sensors embedded in a glove. The
results showed that the presence and the nature of the task to be performed
following grasping affect the positioning of the fingers during the reaching
phase. We contend that a one-to-one association between a sensory stimulus and a
motor response does not capture all the aspects involved in grasping. The
theoretical approach within which we frame our discussion considers internal
models of anticipatory control which may provide a suitable explanation of our
results
Erratum: Correction: Musicians have better memory than nonmusicians: A meta-analysis (PloS one (2017) 12 10 (e0186773))
No full text[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186773.]
Equivalenza di significato tra condizionali e disgiunzioni.
No full textla ricerca si propone di indagare sperimentalmente la relazione di significato tra condizionali fattuali e frasi disgiuntive. Tale relazione è discussa anche in logica, in quanto in grado di discriminare tra diversi modelli dei condizionali. Anche in psicologia, la relazione tra condizionali e disgiuntive ha una ricaduta sulle diverse teorie del ragionamento con condizionali. In particolare, quali sono i fattori che influenzano la percezione della relazione di significato tra condizionali e le disgiunzioni che secondo la logica classica sono equivalenti
Using self-reports to assess attachment in middle childhood: A comparison of Harter vs Likert response formats
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