102,015 research outputs found
Reply to commentary: "Long term effects of the terrorist attack in Beslan on adolescent survivors"
No full textSocial support, sense of community, collectivistic values, and depressive symptoms in adolescent survivors of the 2004 Beslan terrorist attack
No full textThis cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the influence of socio-contextual variables on depressive symptoms in 158 adolescent survivors of the 2004 terrorist attack in Beslan, Russia, based on an ecological perspective. Participants were assessed 18 months after the traumatic event. Adolescents aged 14-17 years completed self-reported measures assessing depressive symptoms, social support, sense of community, and collectivism. The results of path analyses indicated that for both boys and girls, the endorsement of collectivistic values was related to increased family support, which in turn was associated with lower rates of depressive symptoms. In the male group, collectivism and sense of community were positively associated with peer support, which in turn was negatively related to depressive symptomatology. The findings suggest that social support and community connectedness may serve as protective resources in adolescents' psychological responses to terror-related stressors, and that gender differences as well as cultural values should be taken into consideration when implementing interventions with youths exposed to terrorism. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Understanding Meta-Analysis Through Data Simulation With Applications to Power Analysis
No full textMeta-analysis is a powerful tool to combine evidence from existing literature. Despite several introductory and advanced materials about organizing, conducting, and reporting a meta-analysis, to our knowledge, there are no introductive materials about simulating the most common meta-analysis models. Data simulation is essential for developing and validating new statistical models and procedures. Furthermore, data simulation is a powerful educational tool for understanding a statistical method. In this tutorial, we show how to simulate equal-effects, random-effects, and metaregression models and illustrate how to estimate statistical power. Simulations for multilevel and multivariate models are available in the Supplemental Material available online. All materials associated with this article can be accessed on OSF (https://osf.io/54djn/)
Data and supplemental material of the paper “Effectiveness of digital-based interventions for children with mathematical learning difficulties: A meta-analysis”
No full textData and supplement material of the article “Effectiveness of digital-based interventions for children with mathematical learning difficulties: A meta-analysis” (Benavides-Varela et al.) [1] are presented. Data were collected from studies included in the meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of digital-based interventions for children with mathematical learning difficulties compared to control conditions in group-designed randomized controlled trials. Literature search, inclusion criteria and coding procedure are described. PRISMA flow-chart is reported to summarize the literature search and coding of all the relevant characteristics of the primary studies is made available. This allows other researchers to easily access to the information needed to evaluate the studies and to use these data in future meta-analyses. However, researchers are highly recommended to refer to the original papers in order to check studies suitability to their own criteria. Moreover, in the supplemental material all the information needed to reproduce the meta-analysis results is reported together with the R code syntax. Data and supplemental material are available online (https://osf.io/ajdnv/)
Recognition of facial expressions of mixed emotions in school-age children exposed to terrorism
No full textThis exploratory study aims at investigating the effects of terrorism on children's ability to recognize emotions. A sample of 101 exposed and 102 nonexposed children (mean age = 11 years), balanced for age and gender, were assessed 20 months after a terrorist attack in Beslan, Russia. Two trials controlled for children's ability to match a facial emotional stimulus with an emotional label and their ability to match an emotional label with an emotional context. The experimental trial evaluated the relation between exposure to terrorism and children's free labeling of mixed emotion facial stimuli created by morphing between 2 prototypical emotions. Repeated measures analyses of covariance revealed that exposed children correctly recognized pure emotions. Four log-linear models were performed to explore the association between exposure group and category of answer given in response to different mixed emotion facial stimuli. Model parameters indicated that, compared with nonexposed children, exposed children (a) labeled facial expressions containing anger and sadness significantly more often than expected as anger, and (b) produced fewer correct answers in response to stimuli containing sadness as a target emotion. © 2009 American Psychological Association
Cognitive abilities as precursors of the early acquisition of mathematical skills during first through second grades
No full textThe present longitudinal study was designed to investigate precursors of mathematics achievement in children. A total of 72 children were tested at both the beginning and end of first and second grades on measures of the following cognitive abilities: phonology, counting skills, short-term memory, working memory, and verbal and performance IQ. Path analysis models revealed differences in the variables predicting mathematics skills of first and second graders. Specifically, in first graders both short-term and working memory measures mediated the role of verbal IQ in predicting mathematics skills. Also, there was a direct relationship between performance IQ and mathematics at first grade. In contrast, in the longitudinal model, working memory measured both in first and second grades predicted mathematics achievement, whereas the relationship between performance IQ and mathematics disappeared. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that mathematics learning is predicted not by phonology or counting skills and that working memory is a plausible mediator in predicting mathematics achievement in primary school age children. Copyright © 2008 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Psychological adaptation among second-generation Moroccan adolescents: associations with sense of community and country of residence
No full textIncreasing evidence suggests that immigrant youths’ social integration varies widely across national contexts, but the factors explaining this variation at the individual and societal levels are still under debate. Drawing upon developmental and community psychology approaches, the current study aimed to investigate psychological adaptation in terms of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and psychological problems among second-generation Moroccan adolescents and their national peers in the Netherlands and Italy. Furthermore, we examined the role of sense of community (SoC) in these youths’ outcomes. Participants were 90 Moroccan-origin and 208 national adolescents aged between 17 and 20 years, who completed a questionnaire survey. Results indicated that life satisfaction was overall higher in the Netherlands than in Italy. Moreover, Moroccan and Dutch youth reported similar levels of self-esteem and psychological problems, whereas Italian youths fared less well than their Moroccan peers. The positive association between SoC and life satisfaction was stronger for Moroccan adolescents in both countries; SoC was related to higher self-esteem and fewer psychological problems, but only in Italy. The findings suggest that characteristics of the host society are crucial for the psychological adjustment of second-generation Moroccan adolescents, and that programs targeting SoC may boost these youths’ positive adaptation and social integration
Psychological adjustment of adolescents 18 months after the terrorist attack in Beslan, Russia: A cross-sectional study
No full textObjective: Children exposed to terrorism are at high risk for developing emotional and behavioral problems, but only a few studies have examined adolescents' long-term psychological adjustment after a terrorist attack. We aimed to assess psychological distress, problem behaviors, and coping in adolescents who survived the terrorist attack on School No. 1 in Beslan, Russia. Method: Seventy-one youths aged 14 to 17 years held as hostages by terrorists completed self-reported measures of psychological symptoms, emotional and behavioral difficulties, and coping behaviors 18 months after the traumatic event. They were compared with 100 adolescents who were not directly exposed to the attack. Data were collected during a 1-month period in May 2006. Results: No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in overall levels of psychological symptoms as well as in emotional and behavioral problems. Girls in both groups reported significantly more psychological distress (p = .0001) and total difficulties (p = .0001) than boys. In the directly exposed group, avoidant coping was related to worse psychological functioning for girls (r = 0.54, p < .001) and boys (r = 0.50, p < .01), whereas in the indirectly exposed group this strategy was associated with psychological distress (r = 0.43, p < .01) and total difficulties (r = 0.40, p < .01) for girls only. Conclusions: More than 1 year after a terrorist attack, adolescents may experience psychological distress regardless of being directly or indirectly exposed. Professionals working with adolescents affected by terrorism should be sensitive to developmental level and gender, consider the cultural context, and foster coping skills that may be differentially effective for girls and boys. © Copyright 2008 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc
La Potenza è nulla senza controllo
No full textIl tema della replicabilità riveste oggi un ruolo centrale nel dibattito sull’attendibilità dei risultati delle ricerche in psicologia.
Diverse sono ad oggi le possibili soluzioni proposte: la maggior cura nella definizione del disegno sperimentale alla luce delle ipotesi di ricerca,
l’utilizzo di misure caratterizzate da ottimali livelli di affidabilità
e validità, la registrazione degli studi e la loro valutazione da parte di esperti prima che
i dati vengano raccolti e analizzati, le pratiche di condivisione dei dati e dei relativi
codici utilizzati per le analisi. Accanto a queste raccomandazioni che stanno già portando
a notevoli benefici, il dibattito sulla replicabilità ha riguardato naturalmente anche aspetti
prettamente legati all’utilizzo della statistica. I temi più affrontati di recente
sono la pianificazione della dimensione campionaria o power analysis e l’approccio bayesiano.
In questo contributo, attraverso un semplice esempio, intendiamo sottolineare
quanto, accanto ai temi già citati, la diffusione di una maggiore sensibilità statistica e
una conseguente miglior scelta dei metodi di analisi giochino un ruolo cruciale, ma
spesso sottovalutato, nella produzione di risultati maggiormente attendibili. In conclusione,
crediamo che un aumento della formazione statistica nelle nuove generazioni di
psicologi possa contribuire in modo determinante a migliorare la qualità della ricerca
When One Shape Does Not Fit All: A Commentary Essay on the Use of Graphs in Psychological Research
No full textThis is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
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