86,905 research outputs found
Head posture in subjects with anterior cruciate ligament injury of the knee. A cross-sectional study
No full textAnalisi spaziale del grado di urbanizzazione di una città: proposta metodologica sull’esempio di Trieste (NE-Italia).
No full textI comitati etici abruzzesi: criticità rilevate e prospettive di sviluppo [Research Ethics Committees in Abruzzo: criticisms and prospects for developments]
No full textThe first legislative bills on Ethics Committee (EC) activity were adopted across the Italian Regions simultaneously (1998). This widespread implementation meant it was necessary to define new qualitative and quantitative standards (Decree Law, 12th May 2009), creating expectations about the EC’s role in research and clinical practice and its potential to improve the quality of medial assistance.
The present paper presents the results of a descriptive survey that maps out the framework, organization and operating methods of ECs in the Abruzzo Region in Italy. Differences between ECs have been outlined, with special concern for differences in organization and way of operating. It was found that interaction between the EC and the experimenter is limited to the authorization phase of the research protocol, with low level involvement in the planning and execution phases. Additionally, the exchange of information between the co-ordinating EC and EC practitioners is not well organized in multicentre experimentation. A certain amount of criticism emerged regarding those areas of activity that would help to place the EC at the centre of the cultural growth process with regards to Bioethics and Clinical Research (e.g. education, on-line news on Bioethics topics).These criticisms are part of the reality of the Abruzzo Region that lacks economic and structural resources which penalizes EC activity.La prima regolazione normativa (1998) dei Comitati Etici (CE) è coincisa con la loro proliferazione in tutte le Regioni. La presenza di questa rete diffusa ha reso necessario fissare nuovi standard qualitativi e quantitativi ( D. M. 12 maggio 2006) creando aspettative circa il loro ruolo nell’ambito della ricerca e della pratica clinica e nelle loro potenzialità in funzione del miglioramento della qualità dell’assistenza.
Questo lavoro presenta i risultati di una indagine conoscitiva che descrivono struttura, organizzazione e modalità operative dei CE istituiti in Abruzzo. Vengono evidenziate differenze tra i CE abruzzesi, in particolare nell’organizzazione e nelle modalità operative. I rapporti con lo sperimentatore sono limitati alla fase autorizzativa con scarso coinvolgimento dei CE nella fase progettuale ed esecutiva del protocollo di ricerca; nelle sperimentazioni multicentriche lo scambio di informazioni tra CE coordinatore e CE collaboratori non è adeguatamente organizzato. E’ emersa una certa criticità in quelle aree di attività che contribuirebbero a porre i CE al centro del processo di crescita culturale in campo bioetico e nella ricerca clinica (attività di formazione, diffusione tematiche di bioetica).Queste aree critiche sono inserite in un contesto di scarsità di risorse economiche e strutturali che penalizzano l’attività dei CE abruzzes
Clinical ethics service: contenuti e organizzazione del servizio nelle strutture ospedaliere. I temi del dibattito internazionale e le implicazioni per un contesto regionale italiano
No full text
Evaluation of friction between archwire and slot in self-ligating brackets and no-friction
No full textI sogni della biologia. Ideologia e utopia nelle scienze della vita del Novecento
No full textLa clonazione degli esseri viventi e la promessa dell’immortalità, la cura di tutte le malattie e l’invenzione di avveneristiche protesi biomeccaniche, ma anche la minaccia di un controllo totale sui viventi attraverso la schedatura del loro patrimonio genetico o la possibilità di modificare le strutture antropologiche fondamentali degli esseri umani, sino a “ricrearli” in laboratorio attraverso l’impiego di sofisticate tecniche bioingegneristiche. Sono solo alcuni dei molti temi che agitano l’opinione pubblica mondiale intorno ai progressi della scienza e della tecnica in ambito biologico e genetico e che spesso, attraversando gli incerti territori della bioetica, prefigurano o richiamano scenari propri della tradizione di pensiero utopico.
Questa tesi, attraverso una rilettura critica della letteratura utopica e degli scenari tecnico-scientifici in essa rappresentati, ricostruisce il percorso che conduce nel Novecento alcuni tra i più noti e importanti biologi e genetisti a farsi in prima persona autori e promotori di utopie fondate sul progresso scientifico e sul ruolo di guida dello scienziato per la società. Da J.B.S. Haldane a H.J. Muller, da H.D. Bernal a J. Monod, sino ai contemporanei F. Collins e C. Venter – i contendenti nella gara di fine millennio per la mappatura del genoma umano – il testo indaga il complesso profilo ideologico e politico sotteso alle imprese scientifiche più importanti del nostro tempo, problematicamente intrecciato con gli interessi di un inedito bio-capitalismo in rapida espansione
Improving knowledge of urban vegetation by applying GIS technology to existing databases.
No full textQuestion: Can we improve the knowledge of urban vegetation
using data from ongoing floristic and management projects
with a data mining approach? We have two questions: 1. How
strong is the relationship between land cover pattern and the
species composition of vegetation? 2. What is the relationship
between land cover pattern and species richness?
Location: Trieste, northeastern Italy.
Methods: Using land cover maps and GIS we characterized
the cells of a floristic project grid by percentage cover of land
cover types. We applied Canonical Correlation Analysis to
test the correlation between floristic composition of the cells
and land cover. We classified the cells by clustering methods,
based on land cover description. With these clusters, we analysed
the variation of species composition of urban vegetation
along a gradient of urban density. We used Jaccardʼs similarity
index to compare floristic composition of the clusters with the
floristic composition of the homogeneous cells with respect to
the land cover types. To answer question 2, we calculated land
cover heterogeneity with the Shannon index and correlated the
number of species in clusters with land cover heterogeneity
and urban density.
Results: Each land cover type contributes to species richness
and species composition of the clusters. Species richness decreases
significantly and linearly as urban density increases and
land cover heterogeneity decreases in the clusters.
Conclusions: A data mining approach can combine different
existing projects to improve knowledge of the urban vegetation
system. The methods we have applied offer tools to answer the
specific questions mentioned above
Risk Factors for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Population-Based Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) represents an important public health problem with a prevalence between 1.3% and 12.5%. Several population-based randomized trials have evaluated ultrasound screening for AAA providing evidence of a reduction in aneurysm-related mortality in the screened population. The aim of our study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the risk factors for AAA. We conducted a systematic review of observational studies and we performed a meta-analysis that evaluated the following risk factors: gender, smoking habits, hypertension, coronary artery disease and family history of AAA. Respect to a previous a meta-analysis we added the funnel plot to examine the effect sizes estimated from individual studies as measure of their precision; sensitivity analysis to check the stability of study findings and estimate how the overall effect size would be modified by removal of one study; cumulative analysis to evaluate the trend between studies in relation to publication year. Abdominal aortic aneurysm prevalence is higher in smokers and in males. On the other hand, while diabetes is a risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases, it is not a risk factor for AAA. In addition, it is important to underline that all countries, where AAA screening was set up, had high income level and the majority belong to Western Europe (United Kingdom, Sweden, Italy, Poland, Spain and Belgium). Abdominal aortic aneurysm screening is fundamental for public health. It could avoid deaths, ruptures, and emergency surgical interventions if abdominal aortic aneurysm was diagnosed early in the population target for screening
- …
