1,721,085 research outputs found
Improving cervical cancer screening in Baltic, central, and eastern European countries
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Role of urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of adenoma and colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkThe growing interest in enhancing and spreading colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has been stimulating the exploration of novel biomarkers with greater sensitivity and specificity than immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT). The present study provides i) a systematic review of the urinary biomarkers that have been tested to achieve early CRC diagnosis and assess the risk of colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma, and ii) a meta-analysis of the data regarding the urinary prostaglandin (PG) metabolite PGE-M. As regard to gene markers, we found significantly different percent methylation of the vimentin gene in CRC patients and healthy controls (HC) (p < 0.0001). Respect to metabolism of nitrogenous bases, cytidine, 1-methyladenosine, and adenosine, have higher concentrations in CRC patients than in HC (respectively, p < 0.01, p=0.01, and p < 0.01). As regard to spermine we found that N1,N12 diacetyl spermine (DiAcSpm) and N1, N8 diacetylspermidine (DiAcSpd) were significantly higher in CRC than in HC (respectively p=0.01 and p < 0.01). Respect to PGE-M, levels were higher in CRC than in those with multiple polyposis (p < 0.006) and HC subjects (p < 0.0004). PGE-M seems to be the most interesting and promising urinary marker for CRC and adenoma risk assessment and for CRC screening. In conclusion, evidence suggests that urinary biomarker could have a potential role as urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Particularly, PGE-M seems to be the most promising urinary marker for CRC early detection
I comitati etici abruzzesi: criticità rilevate e prospettive di sviluppo [Research Ethics Committees in Abruzzo: criticisms and prospects for developments]
No full textThe first legislative bills on Ethics Committee (EC) activity were adopted across the Italian Regions simultaneously (1998). This widespread implementation meant it was necessary to define new qualitative and quantitative standards (Decree Law, 12th May 2009), creating expectations about the EC’s role in research and clinical practice and its potential to improve the quality of medial assistance.
The present paper presents the results of a descriptive survey that maps out the framework, organization and operating methods of ECs in the Abruzzo Region in Italy. Differences between ECs have been outlined, with special concern for differences in organization and way of operating. It was found that interaction between the EC and the experimenter is limited to the authorization phase of the research protocol, with low level involvement in the planning and execution phases. Additionally, the exchange of information between the co-ordinating EC and EC practitioners is not well organized in multicentre experimentation. A certain amount of criticism emerged regarding those areas of activity that would help to place the EC at the centre of the cultural growth process with regards to Bioethics and Clinical Research (e.g. education, on-line news on Bioethics topics).These criticisms are part of the reality of the Abruzzo Region that lacks economic and structural resources which penalizes EC activity.La prima regolazione normativa (1998) dei Comitati Etici (CE) è coincisa con la loro proliferazione in tutte le Regioni. La presenza di questa rete diffusa ha reso necessario fissare nuovi standard qualitativi e quantitativi ( D. M. 12 maggio 2006) creando aspettative circa il loro ruolo nell’ambito della ricerca e della pratica clinica e nelle loro potenzialità in funzione del miglioramento della qualità dell’assistenza.
Questo lavoro presenta i risultati di una indagine conoscitiva che descrivono struttura, organizzazione e modalità operative dei CE istituiti in Abruzzo. Vengono evidenziate differenze tra i CE abruzzesi, in particolare nell’organizzazione e nelle modalità operative. I rapporti con lo sperimentatore sono limitati alla fase autorizzativa con scarso coinvolgimento dei CE nella fase progettuale ed esecutiva del protocollo di ricerca; nelle sperimentazioni multicentriche lo scambio di informazioni tra CE coordinatore e CE collaboratori non è adeguatamente organizzato. E’ emersa una certa criticità in quelle aree di attività che contribuirebbero a porre i CE al centro del processo di crescita culturale in campo bioetico e nella ricerca clinica (attività di formazione, diffusione tematiche di bioetica).Queste aree critiche sono inserite in un contesto di scarsità di risorse economiche e strutturali che penalizzano l’attività dei CE abruzzes
Clinical ethics service: contenuti e organizzazione del servizio nelle strutture ospedaliere. I temi del dibattito internazionale e le implicazioni per un contesto regionale italiano
No full textLa qualità percepita dai pazienti con psoriasi sull'assistenza sanitaria di prima accoglienza-differenza tra nord, centro e sud d'Italia
No full textColorectal cancer screening in countries of European Council outside of the EU-28
Full text linkAIM: To provide an update on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes in non-European Union (EU)-28 Council of Europe member states as of December 2015. METHODS: The mission of the Council of Europe is to protect and promote human rights in its 47 member countries. Its 19 non-EU member states are Albania, Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska, Georgia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Republic of Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Russian Federation, San Marino, Serbia, Switzerland, FYR of Macedonia, Turkey, and Ukraine (EU-19). The main data source were GLOBOCAN, IARC, WHO, EUCAN, NORDCAN, ENCR, volume X of the CI5, the ministerial and Public Health Agency websites of the individual countries, PubMed, EMBASE, registries of some websites and the www.cochranelibrary.com, Scopus, www.clinicaltrials.gov, www.clinicaltrialsregister. eu, Research gate, Google and data extracted from screening programme results. RESULTS: Our results show that epidemiological data quality varies broadly between EU-28 and EU-19 countries. In terms of incidence, only 30% of EU-19 countries rank high in data quality as opposed to 86% of EU-28 states. The same applies to mortality data, since 52% of EU-19 countries as against all EU-28 countries are found in the high ranks. Assessment of the method of collection of incidence data showed that only 32% of EU-19 countries are found in the top three quality classes as against 89% of EU-28 countries. For the mortality data, 63% of EU-19 countries are found in the highest ranks as opposed to all EU-28 member states. Interestingly, comparison of neighbouring countries offering regional screening shows, for instance, that incidence and mortality rates are respectively 38.9 and 13.0 in Norway and 29.2 and 10.9 in Sweden, whereas in Finland, where a national organised programme is available, they are respectively 23.5 and 9.3. CONCLUSION: Cancer screening should be viewed as a key health care tool, also because investing in screening protects the weakest in the population, decreases the social burden of cancer, and reduces all types of health care costs, including those for radical surgery, long-term hospitalisation, and chemotherapy
Cervical Carcinoma in the European Union
No full textObjective: Cervical cancer (CC) is defined as a disease of disparity. This is due to marked differences in CC incidence and mortality between developed and developing countries. As a continent, Europe is no exception. This study examines the state of activation of CC screening in the European Union as of March 2014, reviews CC incidence and mortality data, and highlights the initiatives adopted to extend program coverage to nonresponders. Methods: The present study is based on the most recent data available from PubMedindexed journals, the Web sites of the health ministries of each member state, and the Web sites of national cancer observatories; failing these sources, information was sought in scientific journals published in the local language. Results: In 2003, the European Council recommended that priority be given to organized screening program activation. Nonetheless, a number of European Union member states still lack population-based organized screening programs, and few have implemented programs directed at disadvantaged populations. Conclusions: Several investigations have demonstrated that the women at higher CC risk are unscreened and underscreened ones. Since then, several member states have made significant efforts to set up effective prevention programs by adopting international quality standards and centralizing screening organization and result evaluation. Several developed countries and some new central-eastern European member states have poorly organized prevention programs that result in poor women's health. Diagnosis of CC is emotionally traumatic, but it is highly preventable. When CC is found early, it is highly treatable and associated with long survival and good quality of life
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