1,720,988 research outputs found
Associazione tra stato attuale della mente, regolazione affettiva e attaccamento romantico: uno studio neurobiologico
Full text linkSecondo la teoria dell’attaccamento l’interiorizzazione dei diversi aspetti dell’esperienza relazionale precoce influenzerebbero il comportamento e la regolazione delle emozioni anche in età adulta, nella relazione con il partner. All'interno di un legame di attaccamento sicuro, in cui è possibile un'integrazione d’informazioni affettive e cognitive, si svilupperebbero competenze emotive ottimali. Studi comportamentali hanno dimostrato che l’attaccamento sicuro risulta essere negativamente correlato con l’alessitimia, un deficit della regolazione affettiva. In età adulta, l'alessitimia è associata ad alti livelli di ansia ed evitamento nelle relazioni di coppia e con un minore adattamento, soddisfazione e qualità della relazione con il partner.
Diversi studi hanno, inoltre, sottolineato come la regolazione delle emozioni presenti delle differenze legate al genere. Nello specifico, è stato notato che le donne evitanti presentano un atteggiamento più ruminativo, mentre gli uomini tenderebbero a sopprimere le emozioni.
L'ipotesi è che lo stato della mente adulta relativo all’attaccamento infantile è associato ai livelli di alessitimia e a quelli di ansia ed evitamento nella relazione con il partner. Inoltre, si ipotizza che tali associazioni sono modulate dalla relazione esperita con il genitore del sesso opposto.
Negli ultimi anni, è stato indagato come l'attaccamento e l'alessitimia modulano l'attivazione cerebrale in risposta a stimoli emotivi. Ad oggi, questa associazione ancora non è chiara. Considerate le differenze di genere nella regolazione emotiva dimostrate da diversi studi, si ipotizza che i livelli di alessitimia e di evitamento sono associati con l’attivazione cerebrale negativamente negli uomini e positivamente nelle donne.
Per la valutazione delle variabili psicologiche sono stati somministrati: Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), Experience in Close Relationship- Revised (ECR-R) e Toronto Alexithymia Scale -20 items (TAS-20). L’attività elettroencefalografica di 43 partecipanti (20 uomini e 23 donne, età M= 24.2 ± 2.2) è stata registrata in risposta a stimoli di interazioni di coppia di diversa valenza emotiva (positiva, negativa, ambigua) e a stimoli neutri.
Le analisi statistiche sono state condotte su Event-related Potentials (ERPs) e sull’attivazione delle aree di Brodmann (BA) estratte tramite sLORETA (Standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography).
I risultati principali mostrano che la rappresentazione della relazione che l’individuo ha con il genitore del sesso opposto è associata all’alessitimia e all’ansia e all’evitamento nella relazione con il partner e che l’idealizzazione dei genitori, in particolare quella del padre, sembra associata ad una maggiore sicurezza nella relazione di coppia. Inoltre, nelle donne l’evitamento e la difficoltà a identificare le emozioni risultano positivamente associati con l'attivazione della giunzione amigdala-ippocampo (Ahj) destra e il cingolato posteriore (PCC) sinistro in risposta agli stimoli emotivi, negli uomini questa associazione risulta negativa. Questo risultato suggerisce come l’alessitimia e l’evitamento possano essere strategie di regolazione espresse in modo differente negli uomini e nelle donne
Correlati neurali in risposta a stimoli non strutturati associati allo stile di attaccamento
No full textThe role of the eyes in processing an intact face and its scrambled image: A dense array ERP and low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) study
No full textThe aim of the present study was to test whether the eyes of an intact face produced a specific brain response compared to the mouth, nose, or hair and whether their specificity was also maintained in a scrambled face. Fifteen subjects were asked to focus visual attention on global and single elements in intact faces and in their scrambled image. EEG data were recorded from 256-Hydrocel Geodesic Sensor-Net200. Event-related potentials (ERPs) analyses showed a difference between the intact face and the scrambled face from N170 component until 600 ms on the occipito-temporal montage and at 400-600 ms on the frontal montage. Only the eyes showed a difference between conditions (intact/scrambled face) at 500 ms. The most activated source detected by sLORETA was the right middle temporal gyrus (BA21) for both conditions and for all elements. Left BA21 resulted in significantly more activation in response to eyes in the intact face compared to the eyes in the scrambled face at 500 ms. The left BA21 has a central role in high-level visual processing and in understanding others' intentions. These findings suggest a specificity of the eyes and indicate that the eyes play the social and communicative role of comprehending the nonverbal intentions of others only when inserted in an intact face. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Fear of missing out (FOMO) is associated with activation of the right middle temporal gyrus during inclusion social cue
No full textAim of this research was to investigate the neurobiological correlates of fear of missing out in response to the social exclusion and social inclusion cue. Fear of Missing Out scale (FOMOs), Social Media Engagement Questionnaire (SMEQ), and Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) were administered to twenty-six healthy participants. Afterward, EEG activity was acquired during a visual task showing exclusion and inclusion social images. Event Related Potentials (ERP) and sLoreta analyses were performed. In the ERP analyses the main effect of condition was found in temporo-parietal and frontal montages. sLoreta analyses showed a greater intensity of the left secondary somatosensory cortex (BA7) in inclusion compared with exclusion condition and a greater intensity of left temporal-parietal junction (BA41, BA42, BA43) and left prefrontal cortex (BA47) in exclusion versus inclusion condition. Moreover, the main finding of correlations analyses was that the FOMOs score was positively correlated with ASQ-need for approval and with right middle temporal gyrus (BA21) only during inclusion condition. Findings sustain that fear of missing out is associated to a greater sensitivity towards social inclusive experiences rather than social exclusion and with need of belon
Testing the Persuasiveness of Conspiracy Theories: A Comparison of Narrative and Argumentative Strategies
No full textThe present study examined the persuasive impact of conspiracy theories (CTs) in relation to two
distinct communicative strategies: argumentation and narrative. The final sample consisted of 160
participants, randomly assigned to three groups: a first group (N= 56) watched a video in which a
conspiracy theory related to the Chernobyl nuclear power plant explosion was presented in a
predominantly argumentative form (mostly argumentative group: MAG); a second group (N= 53)
who watched a video in which the same conspiracy theory was presented in a predominantly narrative
form (mostly narrative group: MNG); and a third control group (CG) (N= 51) who watched a video
on non-conspiracy topics. The experiment was conducted online by the participants. The scores
obtained on the Generic Conspiratorial Beliefs (GCB) scale (Brotherton et al., 2013) at T0 (before
exposure to the persuasive message) and T1 (after exposure) in three groups of participants were
evaluated. Furthermore, the level of education, subclinical psychiatric symptoms (depression,
anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism), paranoid persecution, and
paranoid reference, as well as the level of transportation, were also assessed. The primary findings
indicated that there was a greater endorsement of conspiratorial beliefs at T1 than at T0 in the MAG.
In contrast, no change was observed in the total score of the GCB scale at T1 compared to T0 in the
MNG. However, in the MNG there was an increase in one subscale of the GCB, which related to
government malfeasance. Overall, these results indicate that both conspiracy arguments and
conspiracy narratives can influence audience beliefs. However, argumentation appears to have a more
pronounced effect than narrative
How psychological and descriptive narratives modulate the perception of facial emotional expressions. An event-related potentials (ERPs) study
No full textThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether stories with high and low narrative transport exert different effects on neural activation in response to facial emotional expressions. Thirty-one participants were randomly assigned to two groups based on the type of story they read: psychological narrative with high narrative transport (6 women and 10 men; age M = 34.38 ± 8.77); descriptive narrative with low narrative transport (9 women and 6 men; age M = 24.07 ± 7.38). The electroencephalographic activity of the participants in response to emotional facial expressions (joy, anger, fear, sadness) was recorded before (T0) and after (T1) the reading task. The findings indicated that the reading task modulated the early brain response (P1, N170) to emotional facial expressions, irrespective of the narrative type. However, only in the psychological narrative group was the amplitude of the P100 found to be positively associated with the extent to which an individual was transported into the narrative. In summary, the findings appear to indicate that an increased degree of transport into the narrative is associated with a greater internal simulation process of emotions and mental states. This, in turn, modulates the perception of the real social world after reading
Underage Drinking in the South of Italy: Alexithymia Attachment Expectancies of Alcohol and Binge / Heavy Drinking Behavior in Adolescents
No full text
The role of attachment style and social anxiety in Internet addiction
No full textPathological Internet use is characterized by excessive or poorly controlled preoccupations or behaviors regarding computer use that results in impairments or distress. Previous studies reported high comorbidity of Internet addiction with psychiatric conditions like affective and anxiety disorders.
Among anxiety disorders, social anxiety is often associated with relational impairments in adolescent. Many studies suggested that social anxiety is promoted by an insecure attachment style.
Attachment style plays an important role in socio-emotional relationships with others and forms the generalized basis of self worth. Insecure attachment, in particular, implicates a higher non specific risk factor for psychopathologies. Previous study reported that attachment style predicts online social interaction in the same way that it does in the offline context. Individuals with high attachment anxiety have more frequent internet use and are constantly concerned about how others perceive them.
Insecure attachment and social anxiety were reported to be more strongly associated with Internet Addiction. Thus, the association between the insecure attachment style and social anxiety seems to have a very relevant role as risk factors for the problematic use of Internet
- …
