5,528 research outputs found
Management and Treatment of WAD Patients : Conclusive Remarks
No full textWhiplash-associated disorder (WAD) represents a significant public health problem, resulting in a substantial socioeconomic burden throughout the industrialised world, wherever costs are documented
Abducting Interocular Ophthalmoplegia After Whiplash Injuries
No full textInternuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is a well recognisable disorder of horizontal eye movements, and it is a common finding in neurological disorders [1]. INO is due to a functional impairment of the medial longitudinal fascicle (MLF) ipsilateral to the medial rectus paresis. Generally INO is characterised by the impairment of adduction of the eye on the side of the impaired MLF and abduction overshoot. The electro-oculographic saccadic and gaze nystagmus patterns are typic
Ski Trainer Oscillating Platform : Proprioceptive Reeducation
No full textReeducation of the proprioceptive reflexes is especially indicated in posttraumatic disequilibrium. This method uses the theoretical premises of the method known as “proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation” by (1) the use of nervous information of surface origin (tactile data) and (2) coordination of the information of deep origin (joint place, stretching of tendons, and capsuloligamentous complexes)
Vestibular Electrical Stimulation
No full textPeripheral proprioceptors of the muscles and the joints have a feedback control on the vestibular nuclei through the spino-vestibular pathways. Neuromuscular spindles and Golgi receptors are dynamometers and they are particularly sensitive to variations in muscle length and tension. Joint receptors, Ruffini and Golgi bodies, give information regarding the position of a joint and its movement. The portion of the neck including the first three vertebrae is particularly involved during the major part of everyday head movements [1, 2]
Whiplash-Associated Equilibrium Disturbances (WAED) Rehabilitation : Vestibular Re-education and Vestibular Rehabilitation
No full textThe human equilibrium system derives much of its strength and plasticity from the fact that the specific neuronal and growing software is moulded in childhood during the maturation phase, under the influence of permanent information from the world we live in. The software overlying the structural, sensorial and central nervous hardware creates the so-called space concept within the brain. Post-whiplash failures of the sensory inputs as well as of the central equilibrium regulation may lead to vertigo, blurred vision, static and/or dynamic head and body instability. The system has many inborn possibilities for internal stabilization and compensation; in fact after injuries there are different neurophysiological phenomena involved in the restoration of the equilibrium function [1, 2]
Dynamic posturography
No full textDifferent stable postures are possible according to the relative position of the three principal muscle-joint systems – ankles, knees and hips – between the body’s COG and the base of support (Fig. 18.1)
Visual Feedback Postural Control Re-education
No full textMaintaining postural stability is a complex process [1] involving the coordinated actions of biomechanical, sensory, motor, and central nervous system components. A relatively simple biomechanical definition for postural stability can be formulated in terms of the position of the body center of gravity relative to the base of support. The body movements used to maintain postural stability, however, are complex because of the number of joint systems and muscles involved. The center of gravity (CoG) is the point at which the whole weight of a body may be considered to act. In humans who are standing quietly and vertically erect, the CoG is located at the level of the hips and slightly forward of the ankle joints. CoG height is 0.5527 of total height. CoG and center of mass (CoM) are equivalent points in space when the gravitational field is uniform and gravity is the only force under consideration
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