1,373 research outputs found
Return on Investment in Public Relations: A critical assessment of concepts used by practitioners from the perspectives of communication and management sciences
No full textReturn on Investment (ROI) is a term commonly and non-specifically used by public relations practitioners when discussing the value to be created from communication activities. It mimics business language, particularly from business administration and financial management, but does not figure widely in academic discourse (Watson, 2005).
Although the Institute for Public Relations [now CIPR] undertook a review of ROI practice in the United Kingdom (IPR/CDF 2004) and Likely, Rockland & Weiner (2006) proposed variations of ROI as alternatives to the discredited Advertising Value Equivalence (AVEs) measure of value creation, there has been little discussion other than Macnamara (2007) and Gregory and Watson (2008).
This paper gives an overview on the views of ROI in public relations literature and concepts used by agencies and providers of measurement services. It reports on survey research amongst practitioners in several European countries on identifying the economic value of public relations. The findings are compared with the concepts of ROI used in business and accounting literature (Weber and Schäffer, 2006; Drury, 2007).
Applied theory and parameters for the development of measurement and evaluation techniques are proposed. The paper concludes that the use of the term ROI in public relations needs a proper foundation in overriding management theory; otherwise PR theory and practice will discredit themselves
An initial investigation on the use of ‘Return on Investment” in public relations practice
No full text‘Return on Investment’ (ROI) is usually defined in management literature as a measure of financial effectiveness that is concerned with the returns on capital employed in business (profit-making) activities. In public relations practitioner parlance, however, ROI appears to be used in a much looser form to indicate the results of activity. This mixed method research using an online survey instrument investigated practitioner understanding of the term, primarily in the UK. These findings resulted: 1) Two-thirds of PR practitioners use the term ROI when planning and evaluating communication activity; 2) ROIs related to communication objectives (66.7%) are more widely used than financial-related ROIs (12.8%); 3) There is a clear difference in ROI practices between consultants/freelances and in-house colleagues. Nearly three-quarters of consultants and freelances (73.1%) offer an ROI formula to clients but only 26.3% of in-house practitioners have one; and 4) On the oft-discussed question of an industry-wide ROI formula, only 35.6% supported the proposition with 64.4% opposed. However, the survey also found that practitioner concepts of ROI are very narrowly expressed, mainly in relation to media outputs
La lettre du roi Sanche IV à Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, sur la défense de Tarifa (2 janvier 1295)
No full textMorel-Fatio Alfred. La lettre du roi Sanche IV à Alonso Pérez de Guzmán, sur la défense de Tarifa (2 janvier 1295). In: Bulletin Hispanique, tome 2, n°1, 1900. pp. 15-24
Reference centile curves for screening body mass index and body postural stability in football players aged 8-18 years
No full textIntroduction and purpose: Since birth, children grow up in terms of height and body weight, and subsequently in terms of the maturation of the nervous, endocrine, muscular, and cardiovascular systems. These adaptations lead to alterations in neuromuscular performances (3). The increase of body mass index (BMI) can cause a reduction in the postural stability and then increase the risk of falls, particularly when combined with low muscular mass which can generate biomechanical failure of muscular responses and loss of stability mechanisms (2). The aim of this study was to analyse the body mass index (BMI) and body postural stability (BPS) in football players across childhood and adolescence, thus developing reference centile curves, and to investigate their relationship.
Methods: 512 males from 8 to 18 years were recruited from Italian football teams. It was performed a cross-sectional study. BMI was calculated measuring height and weight [body mass (kg) / height (m2)]. BPS were taken by means of a Libra seesaw balance board. Reference centile curves were created by lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) method. To assess the difference among ages, Kruskal Wallis test was performed. The correlation between BMI and BPS was evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient controlled by age (partial correlation). In addition, a stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine the effect of age and BMI on BPS, and the effect of age and BPS on BMI. Finally, Pearson correlation coefficient or Sperman Rho were performed in order to detect the correlation between BMI and BPS in each age group. The assumption of normal data distribution was verified by Shapiro-Wilks’ Normality test.
Results: Significant improvement in BMI (χ2(1,10)=106.383, p0.251, p<0.05) except for football players of 11, 14, and 15 years old.
Conclusion: The football players increase BMI and improve their BPS during the growth. The reference centile curves provided in this study could help trainers to assess the levels of their football players. Previous studies found that the accumulation of fat tissue can reduce postural stability and contribute towards falls (1). Accordingly, we found a direct relationship between BPS and BMI across childhood and adolescence. The lower is the BMI, the better is the body postural stability during the growth, because high BMI demands more neuromuscular control to maintain postural stability (1). However, our results showed improvements on BMI and BPS were mostly affected by the body development during growth and barely affected by their relationship. A greater limitation of this investigation is that this study have a cross sectional design. Future longitudinal study is needed to better investigate this topic.
References
1. Greve, J., Alonso, A., Bordini, A.C.P.G., & Camanho, G.L.. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Postural Balance. Clinics 62, 717–20 (2007).
2. Maffiuletti, N.A., Agosti, F., Proietti, M., Riva, D., Resnik, M., Lafortuna, C.L., & Sartorio, A. Postural Instability of Extremely Obese Individuals Improves after a Body Weight Reduction Program Entailing Specific Balance Training. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 28, 2–7 (2005).
3. Roemmich, J. N. & Rogol, A. D. Physiology of growth and development. Its relationship to performance in the young athlete. Clinics in Sports Medicine 14, 483–502 (1995)
A follow-up reflection on software process improvement ROI
No full textOur discipline must shift toward value-based software engineering, because we're obliged to prove our contributions to the financial bottom line. In the May/June 2004 IEEE Software special issue on return on investment (ROI), the author presented measurement results for the ROI of software process improvement (SPI). This article made three main contributions. First, provided a detailed overview of publications containing real-life measurement results from practical applications of SPI, in which the author measured the ROI. My study included 20 cases, with an average ROI of 7 and a median of 6.6. This indicates that SPI's net profit seems to be approximately US$7 for every dollar invested. However, I found no published cases in which SPI investments resulted in a measurable loss; furthermore, the ROI bandwidth was large (between 1.5 and 19). This indicates that the actual ROI of an SPI investment seems hard to really guarantee up front. Second, I showed that benefits are just as easy to quantify as costs. Cost measurements are always based on an agreement about how to measure and quantify costs. Such an agreement can also serve as the basis for measuring benefits. My article contained data from two real-life projects that had made such cost and benefit measurements and calculated ROI. Finally, I concluded that expressing "value" is crucial. Software engineering and its improvement are often major investments for organizations. Investments must be profitable. Because different people in different roles share one generic term for value-money, I recommended expressing any software engineering effort and its benefits in financial terms.Software TechnologyElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
La (re)traduction, un art difficile. À propos du "Roi Lear des steppes"
No full textpeer reviewedThe writing of "Un Roi Lear des steppes" required a lot of preparation: Turgenev was interested in legal texts on donations, medical details concerning premonitory paralysis, as well as technical details relating to the construction of roofs. After presenting the theorical framework concerning self-translation and re-translation, we compare three French versions of the story, what we call the «semi-self-translation» of Turgenev (1872), a retransalation published in the «Bibliothèque de La Pléiade» (1986) and the last version made in Mons, published in 2018. We examine some translation’s choices (lexical, stylistic, even syntactic) by extracting details documented and collected by the author as well as some Russian cultural traits, since Turgenev wanted to «make his characters as Russian and as rustic as possible»
Les aventures du capitan Alonso de Contreras (1582-1633)
No full textReproducción de : Discours de ma vie depuis que je partir pour servir le roi, ... la fin de l'an 1630, au 1\per\s octobre, que je commençai cette relationNa port.: avec quatre gravures hors text
De la liberté de blâmer le roi selon la littérature doctrinale au temps des Habsbourg
No full textAlexandra Merle et Araceli Guillaume-Alonso (dir.).ISBN : 978-2-84050-898-4.International audienc
Alberto Alonso Guardo, Prenostica Socratis Basilei. Étude, édition critique et traduction
No full textAprès les ouvrages de Tony Hunt et Enrique Montero Cartelle, les éditions Garnier poursuivent, dans la série Divinatoria, la publication de textes de divination médiévale en donnant une version française remaniée d’une étude qu’Alberto Alonso Guardo avait fait paraître en espagnol en 2004, consacrée à diverses traditions de livres de sorts bien répandues aux derniers siècles du Moyen Âge, dont les Prenostica Socratis Basilei (« Les prédictions du roi Socrate ») présentés ici. Dans un style cl..
[The adoption of a general mandatory income tax reporting system and a beneficial ownership registration for legal entities]
No full textTax Justice Network ISRAEL; [author: Roi Harari with Dr. Tamir Shanan and RA Moran Harari]Text hebräischHebräisc
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