20 research outputs found
The effect of Ramadan fasting on the health of a predominant Muslim population in the UK
No full textBackground: Ramadan fasting, in which Muslims abstain from food and drinks from dawn to sun-set, is one of the five Pillars of Islam. Millions of Muslims observe this month every year. Howev-er, little is known on the effect of Ramadan fasting on health. There is a lack of research investi-gating the effect of Ramadan on health. Ramadan fasting is associated with sudden changes in lifestyle including changes in mealtime and sleeping pattern. These changes lead to circadian misalignment that could lead to cardiometabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Moreo-ver, dehydration resulting from the prolonged fasting is claimed to increase the risk of infection in Ramadan. The aims of this thesis are (1) to assess the impact of Ramadan fasting on different aspects of health (2) to strengthen the available evidence on the effect of Ramadan fasting on health using a robust method that have not previously been employed in Ramadan research.
Methods: The overall methods (1) using The Health Improvement Network (THIN) database for a retrospective cohort design to explore the cardiometabolic profile of a predominate Muslim popu-lation in the UK, (2) systematic review to summarise the available evidence on the effect of Ram-adan fasting on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and risk factors for CVD in patients with diabetes (3) controlled interrupted time series using THIN database and hospital data to explore (a) infection (all infections), using antibiotics prescriptions as a proxy measure and (b) ischemic heart disease (IHD) risks in a predominant South Asian Muslim population in the UK to a predominantly non-Muslim white ethnic population as a control group.
Results: The retrospective cohort study showed that compared to white population, South Asian (SA) are at higher risk of diabetes, hypertension and IHD with some variations between SA sub-groups. Systematic review showed that there is insufficient evidence suggesting that Ramadan fasting is associated with increased risk of CVD events in patients with diabetes. The interrupted time series studies show that there is no evidence that Ramadan fasting is associated with in-creased risk of infection or IHD.
Conclusion: Up to date there is no evidence that Ramadan fasting is associated with detrimental effect on health. However, more well conducted studies are needed to validate the findings
Skew derivations on generalized Weyl algebras
No full textA wide class of skew derivations on degree-one generalized Weyl algebras R(a, φ) over a ring R is constructed. All these derivations are twisted by a degree- counting extensions of automorphisms of R. It is determined which of the constructed derivations are Q-skew derivations. The compatibility of these skew derivations with the natural Z-grading of R(a,φ) is studied. Additional classes of skew derivations are constructed for generalized Weyl algebras given by an automorphism φ of a finite order. Conditions that the central element a that forms part of the structure of R(a, φ) need to satisfy for the orthogonality of pairs of aforementioned skew derivations are derived. In addition local nilpotency of constructed derivations is studied. General constructions are illustrated by description of all skew derivations (twisted by a degree- counting extension of the identity automorphism) of generalized Weyl algebras over the polynomial ring in one variable and with a linear polynomial as the central element
Characteristics of Solitary Stochastic Structures for Heisenberg Ferromagnetic Spin Chain Equation
No full textThe impact of Stratonovich integrals on the solutions of the Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain equation using the unified solver approach is examined in this study. In particular, using arbitrary parameters, the traveling wave arrangements of rational, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions are developed. The detailed arrangements are exceptionally critical for clarifying diverse complex wonders in plasma material science, optical fiber, quantum mechanics, super liquids and so on. Here, the Itô stochastic calculus and the Stratonovich stochastic calculus are considered. To describe the dynamic behaviour of random solutions, some graphical representations for these solutions are described with appropriate parameters
Innovative solutions to the 2D nonlinear Schrödinger model in mathematical physics
No full textWe utilize a cohesive methodology to obtain some new solitary wave solutions for the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (2D-NLSE). The solutions provided herein are significant for elucidating physical phenomena in various domains, including optical fibers, plasma media, and ocean waves. Furthermore, scientific computing would be used to illustrate the physical interpretation of nonlinear waves. Our study examines how 2D-NLSE wave solutions affect physical model characteristics such as group velocity dispersion, nonlinearity, and linear coefficients. These variables functioned to control the amplitude and wave phase of the optical solitary waves during transmission. Finally, the strategy provided here is applicable to many nonlinear systems and new energy trends in natural science
The effect of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular events and risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review.
No full textRamadan is the fasting month in Islam. Muslims around the world observe Ramadan every year, including people with diabetes. Data on the association of fasting in people with diabetes are sparse. The purpose of this study is to assess the association of fasting on cardiovascular risk factors and events in people with diabetes. A comprehensive search was conducted in the following database: Embase, Medline, Cochrane library and CINAHL. The following key terms were used: Ramadan, Ramazan, Ramadhan, Muslim, Islam and fasting. Studies were eligible if they included people with Type 2 diabetes who fasted during Ramadan and reporting results on cardiovascular risk factors or events. Overall 22 studies met inclusion criteria for the review; five studies reported cardiovascular outcomes and 17 reported changes in risk factors. There is insufficient evidence to link Ramadan fasting with increased or reduced incidence of cardiovascular events in people with diabetes, though there were some indication stroke risk may be increased. Findings were inconsistent in term of risk factors as some favoured Ramadan and others did not.
Daily antibiotic prescription patterns in (CITS)*.
No full text*Proportion = Number of antibiotic prescriptions/total number of people in that period.</p
Daily antibiotic prescription patterns (SITS).
No full textDaily antibiotic prescription patterns (SITS).</p
Characteristics of aggregated antibiotic prescriptions data for 90 days each year from 2007 to 2017.
No full textCharacteristics of aggregated antibiotic prescriptions data for 90 days each year from 2007 to 2017.</p
Characteristics of aggregated antibiotic prescriptions data from before, during, and after Ramadan each year from 2007 to 2017.
No full textCharacteristics of aggregated antibiotic prescriptions data from before, during, and after Ramadan each year from 2007 to 2017.</p
