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Fig. 1. – Dichaetanthera schatzii H. Ranariv. & Almeda. A in A new Dichaetanthera (Melastomataceae: Melastomateae) from Masoala National Park in Madagascar
No full textFig. 1. – Dichaetanthera schatzii H. Ranariv. & Almeda. A. Habit; B. Enlargement of inflorescence node; C. Representative leaf (abaxial surface); D. Detail of indumentum on elevated primary vein; E. Petal (adaxial surface); F–G. Antepetalous (small) stamens (profile view); H–I. Antesepalous (large) stamens (profile view); J. Hypanthium and calyx lobes enveloping capsule (profile view); K. Ovary, style and stigma (profile view). [Schatz et al. 2806, CAS] [Drawings: A. Chou]Published as part of Ranarivelo, Heritiana & Almeda, Frank, 2019, A new Dichaetanthera (Melastomataceae: Melastomateae) from Masoala National Park in Madagascar, pp. 131-136 in Candollea 74 (2) on page 133, DOI: 10.15553/c2019v742a2, http://zenodo.org/record/572470
FIGURE 1. Miconia glandulipetala Ocampo & Almeda. A. Branches with infructescences. B in A new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) from the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes
No full textFIGURE 1. Miconia glandulipetala Ocampo & Almeda. A. Branches with infructescences. B. Flower at anthesis. C. Longitudinal section of a flower (petals and stamens removed). D. Petal showing a subapical glandular hair. E. Stamens in lateral (left) and dorsal (right) views. F. Transversal section of an ovary. G. Mature berry.Published as part of Ocampo, Gilberto & Almeda, Frank, 2014, A new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) from the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes, pp. 166-172 in Phytotaxa 163 (3) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.163.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/513237
Miconia veraguensis Gamba & Almeda 2014, spec. nov.
No full text33. Miconia veraguensis Gamba & Almeda, spec. nov. (Fig. 26) Related to M. approximata by virtue of the densely fasciculate glomerules. Distinguished by the elliptic ovate berries which are larger than in its closest relatives; 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm. Type: PANAMA. Prov. Veraguas: Trail to Reserva Biológica Serranía de Tute and the summit of Cerro Tute about 0.7 km beyond the Escuela Agrícola Río Piedra just outside Santa Fe, 860–1300 m, 18 February 1996, Almeda et al. 7620 (holotype: CAS!; isotype MO!, NY!, PMA!). Little-branched shrub 1–1.5 m tall, bark green-brown. Upper internodes rounded-quadrate 1.09–1.91 cm long, cauline nodes slightly compressed becoming terete with age, nodal line present. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, adaxial leaf surface, primary, secondary and tertiary veins adaxially and abaxially, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, hypanthia, calyx lobes and calyx teeth densely covered with caducous white-translucent elongate slightly roughened trichomes 1–1.5 mm long, each trichome deflexed and somewhat flattened, intermixed with a dense understory of dendritic trichomes 0.2–0.5 mm long with moderately long thin-walled arms. Leaves of each pair slightly anisophyllous in size; subsessile to short-petiolate, the free rounded-quadrate petioles 0.42–0.95 cm long (on larger leaves) or 0.21–0.4 cm long (on smaller leaves), widely canaliculate adaxially, convexly 3-grooved abaxially, succulent, brownish; larger blades 12.5–20.5 × 6–9 cm, elliptic-obovate, the base acute or roundedcordate, shortly decurrent on the petiole, the margin crenulate to subentire, the apex bluntly apiculate; smaller blades 6.5–14 × 4.75–8.7 cm, elliptic-obovate to obovate, the base slightly rounded to attenuate, shortly decurrent on the petiole, the margin crenulate to subentire, the apex bluntly apiculate; chartaceous; adaxial surface of mature leaves, primary, secondary and tertiary veins glabrescent, the elongate roughened trichomes denser toward the base, the higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface superficially glabrous, microscopically papillose with resinous unfurrowed or slightly furrowed glands to 0.1 mm in diameter, the indumentum on the secondary veins intermixed with a resinous understory of minute sessile to short-stalked glands 0.1 mm long with thin-walled short heads, these glands also present on the tertiary and higher order veins, sparsely intermixed with white furrowed sessile glands ca. 0.1 mm long; 5–(7-) plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging symmetrically from the primary vein 0.5–3 cm above the base, areolae 0.3–0.4 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary and tertiary veins deeply impressed, the higher order veins slightly so, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, somewhat succulent, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly raised to flat. Inflorescences a congested, axillary and fasciculate many-bracted glomerule 1.22–2.18 cm long, sessile, SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 139 unbranched, paired or appearing verticillate in the upper leaf axils and at defoliated nodes; bracts 5.43–7.04 × 2.75–3.95 mm, elliptic to elliptic-ovate, concave, the apex acute, greenish, glabrescent, persistent in fruit. Flowers not seen, probably 4-merous based on persistent calyx lobes in fruit, sessile. Hypanthia in fruit 6.4–6.85 × 1.5–2 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.6–1.8 mm long, subcylindric to urceolate, bluntly 8-ribbed, green, the indumentum mostly consisting of dendritic trichomes to 0.3 mm long, intermixed with minute sessile glands and with white furrowed sessile glands, both ca. 0.1 mm long, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus adaxially glabrous, somewhat glossy. Calyx persistent in fruit, green to brown; tube 0.3–0.5 mm long, glabrous adaxially, with the same vestiture as the hypanthium abaxially; lobes 2–2.5 × 1.5–1.8 mm, triangular, slightly concave, the margin entire, the apex bluntly acute, the indumentum intermixed with the same two types of glands present on the hypanthium, spreading to reflexed in fruit; exterior calyx teeth to 1.8 mm long, linear-deltoid, thick, inserted half way up the lobes and projecting beyond them. Ovary (in fruit) 4-locular, completely inferior, 4.8–5 mm long, the apical collar 1 × 0.8–1 mm, conic, glandular-puberulent. Berries 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm when dry, globoseelliptic to globose-obovate, light green, ripening orange, the hypanthial indumentum persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.57–0.75 × 0.39–0.44 mm, pyramidal, yellow-brown; lateral symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed, with a foot-like projection at the micropylar end; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 80% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed. Individual cells elongate and isodiametric, the latter found at the highest point of the seed, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low- to high-domed, microrelief striate. Additional specimens studied:— PANAMA. Veraguas: Along trail to summit of Cerro Tute about 1/ 2 mile above the Escuela Agrícola Alto Piedra near Santa Fe, 8.48222°N, - 1.09805°W, 900–1100 m, 29 January 1989, Almedaet al. 6480 (CAS, MO, NY, PMA). Illustration:— Fig. 26. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— A local and uncommon species known only from cloud forests of Cerro Tute in the province of Veraguas, Panama (Fig. 16), at 860–1300 m. Phenology:— Collected in fruit in January and February. Etymology:— The specific epithet refers to the province of Veraguas in Panama, where this species appears to be endemic. Discussion:— This species has a distinctive white-translucent lanate vegetative indumentum, flowers that are congested in fasciculate glomerules with conspicuous bracts, and large bright orange mature berries. In its poorly developed inflorescences and rugose seeds, M. veraguensis is most similar, and also most closely related, to those species in the Approximata subclade that have sessile fasciculate glomerules. Miconia approximata which occurs nearly throughout Central America south to Ecuador has a thicker and darker vestiture, shorter, globose-oblate fruits at maturity (2–2.5 × 5–6 mm vs. 6.59–7.34 × 4.31–5.3 mm that is globose-elliptic to globose-obovate). In Veraguas province, M. approximata is only known from Isla de Coiba. Miconia veraguensis is also similar to M. chocoensis and M. quadridomius, two South American species that have a longer lanate indumentum (1.5–3 mm vs. 1–1.5 mm) and smaller berries. Although flowers of this species remain unknown, it is clearly distinct from its close relatives in the characters mentioned above. Conservation status:— This species would be considered Critically endangered CR Dbased on IUCN criteria. Because this species is rare and local in a protected area of the Cerro Tute in Veraguas, Panama, a status of Vulnerable VU is warranted. 140 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 141 142 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 143 144 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 145 146 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 147 148 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 149 Excluded species Clidemia radicans Pilger (1905: 179). Type: PERÚ. Amazonia: close to Leticia, Ule 6869 (holotype: MG; isotype: B-internet image!, photograph: F!). = Clidemia epiphytica var. trichocalyx (Blake) Wurdack (1964: 215–216). Ossaea ciliata (Triana) Cogniaux (1891a: 1067). Davya ciliata Grisebach (1860b: 265). Octopleura ciliata Triana (1871: 146). Type: In insula TRINITATIS, Crueger s.n. (holotype: BR-internet image!). = Miconia lateriflora Cogniaux (1909: 255). Ossaea involucrata (Grisebach) Triana (1871: 147). Type: CUBA. Prope Monte Verde, 1856–1857, Wright 194 (holotype: BR- 2 sheets-internet images!). = Calycogonium involucratum Grisebach (1860c: 184).Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 139-150, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.
Conflictos territoriales: cómo crear reglas y procedimientos desde el constitucionalismo
No full textCuando surgen conflictos, la alternativa binaria es o combatirlos o (intentar) adaptarse. Es desafio legal consiste en encontrar métodos procesales para canalizar los conflictos. El artículo analiza los diferentes métodos posibles basándose en la práctica comparativa. También defiende que la Unión Europea, a pesar de no ser la más adecuada para adoptar estas normas, tendría que fomentar su adopción con el objectivo de promover el Estado de derech
Miconia neocoronata Gamba & Almeda 2014, nom. nov.
No full text21. Miconia neocoronata Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Clidemia coronata Gleason (1939a: 114–115). Type: COSTA RICA. Bords du Río Tuis, July 1893, Pittier 8080 (holotype: US-internet image!; isotypes: BR-3 sheets-internet images!). Nec Miconia coronata (Bonpland) de Candolle (1828: 187). Small shrub, rarely epiphytic, (0.5–)1–2(–2.75) m tall, loosely and irregularly branched. Upper internodes [1.75–4.25 cm long] and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, primary, secondary, tertiary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, and pedicels (when present) densely to copiously composed of brownish sessile or thinly stipitate dendritic trichomes 0.2–0. 5(–1.9) mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms, rarely sparsely intermixed with caducous elongate smooth trichomes 1–1.5 mm long. Leaves of each pair somewhat anisophyllous in size; the petiole 0.5–3.9 cm long, canaliculate adaxially and shallowly grooved abaxially; larger blades 9–16 × 5–9.5 cm, smaller blades 3.5–10 × 2.1–5.5 cm, ovate to elliptic-ovate, the base rounded to obtuse, the margin ciliate and repand-entire, the apex shortacuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves with adaxial surface, primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface essentially glabrous except for a few dendritic trichomes and resinous glands on the venules, the dendritic trichomes on the secondary and tertiary veins sparsely intermixed with caducous resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands ca. 0.08 mm long, the higher order veins moderately beset with the same type of resinous glands; 5- or 7-plinerved, including the tenuous marginals, innermost pair of secondary veins diverging slightly to notably asymmetrically from the primary vein 0.25–0.35 cm above the base, areolae 0.5–0.75 mm, adaxially the primary and secondary veins slightly impressed to flat, the tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated. Inflorescences a pseudolateral group of few-flowered modified dichasia 1.5–4 cm long, sessile, commonly with three or more paracladia arising from the base, borne on the upper foliar nodes, the rachis together with bracts and bracteoles pale magenta; bracts 0.65–0.75 × ca. 0.25 mm, spatulate-oblong, aristate at the apex, decurrent at the base, sometimes with a swollen glabrous structure at the base abaxially, both surfaces glabrescent with age, persistent in flower and tardily deciduous in fruit; bracteoles 0.65–0.95 × 0.21–0.49 mm, sessile, spatulate-oblong or triangular, the apex aristate-ciliate, the base decurrent, with one visible central vein, both surfaces glabrescent with age, persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous, sessile or on pedicels <0.4 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 3–3.2 × 0.95–1.25 mm, free portion of hypanthium 0.8–1 mm long, urceolate and constricted distally into a cylindric neck, bluntly 10-ribbed, bright pink, copiously and caducously resinous with slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands ca. 0.05 mm long, sparsely intermixed with the general and caducous dendritic trichomes, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus densely to moderately ciliolate adaxially, rarely glabrous. Calyx open in bud and deciduous on fruiting hypanthia; tube 0.15–0.3 mm long, adaxially sparsely ciliolate to glabrescent, abaxially SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 95 sparsely resinous glandular with the same type of glands as the hypanthium; lobes 0.15–0.45 × 0.65–0.85 mm, rounded-triangular, the margin entire to vaguely undulate, the apex subacute, sparsely and caducously papillose on both surfaces; exterior calyx teeth ca. 0.5 mm long, subulate, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes, equaling or occasionally exceeding the lobes in length, caducously resinous-glandular on both surfaces. Petals 0.75–1.15 × 0.65–0.85 mm, obovate and somewhat asymmetrical, the margin entire to sinuate, the apex rounded-obtuse, rather asymmetric, cream to white, densely papillose on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 0.95–1.25 × 0.25 mm, whitish, glabrous; anther thecae ca. 2 × 0.33–0.34 mm, linear-oblong and subulate, truncateacuminate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.11–0.13 mm in diameter, pale yellow to yellow at anthesis; connective yellow, its prolongation and appendage 0.35–0.45 mm long, the appendage oblong-spatulate to somewhat deltoid, obtuse to truncate at the apex, minutely and caducously glandular, the glands sessile and rounded. Ovary 5-locular, completely inferior, 2–2.2 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.13–0.2 mm in diameter, slightly depressed, caducously glandular-puberulent; style ca. 5 mm long, parallel-sided (i.e. terete), white, glabrous; stigma truncate to expanded truncate at anthesis. Berries 3.1–4.1 × 3–3.9 mm when dry, globose, initially bright pink but ripening bright purple-black, the hypanthium indumentum subpersistent at maturity. Seeds 0.3–0.45 × 0.16–0.18 mm, ovoid, angled, light-brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point near the central part of the seed; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 20% larger than the corpus of the seed, extending along its entire length, ventrally and longitudinally expanded, dark-brown; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, lowdomed to nearly flat, microrelief punctate. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Chocó: (Bahía Solano), Ciudad Mutis, Quebrada Seca, at waterfall near by, 29 m, 6.2°N, - 77.4°W, 6 February 2012, Almeda et al. 10470 (CAS, CHOCO, COL). COSTA RICA. Cartago: In forest in mountains above the Río Pacuare, near Platanillo, 800 m, 3 May 1956, Williams 19517 (EAP, US); Pendiente muy empinada que va desde los edificios del Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agrícolas de Turrialba hacia el Río Reventazón, 600 m, 19 September 1964, Jiménez 2380 (CR, NY); (Turrialba), Forested slope leading down to the Río Reventazón behind main building of CATIE, 9°53.5’N, 83°39’W, 560–600 m, 30 July 1985, Grayum & Hammel 5755 (CAS, MO); (Turrialba), Across the Río Reventazón from Interamerican Institute in Turrialba, 610 m, 21 July 1947, DeWolf 369 (US); Bosque húmedo y empinado entre el Inst, de Turrialba y el Río Reventazón., 600 m, 12 July 1965, Jiménez 3276 (CR, F, NY, US). San José: (Tarrazu), Estribaciones del Cerro Diamante, 9°32’30"N, 84°1’20"W, 500–600 m, 23 June 1998, Estrada et al. 1636 (CAS, CR); (Pérez Zeledón), Basin of El General, 9.1°N, - 83.29°W, 675–900 m, May 1940, Skutch 4948 (MO, US). Illustration:— None found. Common names and documented uses:— None recorded. Habitat, distribution and ecology:— This is a rare species known from few collections in the low-elevation forested slopes of primary rain and riparian forests, commonly near rivers, in Costa Rica at 560–900 m. Although M. neocoronata has long been considered to be endemic in Costa Rica, it was recently collected in Colombia, from the tropical wet forest in the department of Chocó at 29 m (Almeda et al. 10470, CAS!, CHOCO, COL). This occurrence suggests that the geographic and elevational range of this species is more extensive than expected. It probably occurs in suitable habitats in intervening areas of Panama (Fig. 15). Phenology:— Collected in flower and fruit in February, from May through July, and in September. Etymology:— The specific epithet comes from the Greek word neo (new), in reference to this new combination, and from the Latin word coron (a crown), that probably refers to the minute pubescence in the ovary apex. Gleason did not explain the designation of the name coronata in the protologue. Discussion:— Miconia neocoronata is distinct from its closest relatives by elimination of characters, particularly indumentum details. It differs from M. atropurpurea, its sister species, in hypanthial indumentum; in M. atropurpurea it consists of elongate smooth pinkish trichomes, and in M. neocoronata by the slightly furrowed more or less stalked resinous glands. Vegetatively and in floral characters M. neocoronata is very similar to M. quinquenervia. See Almeda (2004) for a thorough discussion of differences. Almeda (2004) commented on the slight difference in their connective appendages; although they are similar in shape and both are glandular, in M. neocoronata the edge is entire (vs. gland-edged). These two species are also close to M. reitziana, which shares the rusty-asperous vegetative indumentum and the resinous-glandular hypanthium, but lacks the decurrent leaf bases present in M. quinquenervia and its venation is prevailingly 7-plinerved (vs. 9-plinerved). Miconia quinquenervia is also distinct in its inflorescence architecture (dichasial dithyrsoid vs. groups of modified dichasia). The rusty- 96 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA asperous trichomes in M. reitziana are almost concealed by the typically dense pink or red indumentum, rarely present throughout and completely absent on the foliar surfaces except for the margins in M. neocoronata. Miconia neocoronata has unique petal morphology, being obovate and somewhat asymmetrical (vs. more oblong in M. quinquenervia and M. reitziana), and its hypanthium is constricted above the ovary into a neck (vs. subcylindric to campanulate in M. reitziana and urceolate to campanulate in M. quinquenervia). Conservation status:— Endangered EN B2ab(iii). This species is rare and not known from any protected areas in CostaRica.Published as part of Gamba, Diana & Almeda, Frank, 2014, Systematics of the Octopleura Clade of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) in Tropical America, pp. 1-174 in Phytotaxa 179 (1) on pages 95-97, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.179.1.
Marcetia santosiae Almeda & R. B. Pacifico 2022, sp. nov.
No full textMarcetia santosiae Almeda & R.B.Pacifico, sp. nov. (Figs. 6–7). Type:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Abaíra, Distrito of Catolés, Chapada Diamantina, Trail to Pico do Barbado, 13°17’20.5”S, 41°53’30.5”W, 24 May 2019, fl., fr., F. Almeda 10790, R.B. Pacifico, L. Daneu & L.C. Gomes (holotype: HUEM!, isotypes: ALCB!, CAS!, CEPEC!, HUEFS!). Diagnosis:— Differs from Marcetia auricularia by the longer cauline internodes 2–22 mm long (vs. 3–8 mm long), the shorter calyx lobes 3–4 mm long (vs. 5–6 mm long) that are not auriculate (vs. auriculate), shorter petals 5–7 mm long (11–14 mm long), stamen filaments 2.5–3.5 mm long (vs. 8–9 mm long), anthers 1.8–2.2 mm long (vs. 3.5–4.5 mm long), styles 4–5 mm long (vs. 13–15 mm long), and raphal zone covering nearly 40% the length of the seed (vs. ca. 80–90% the length of the seed). Erect shrubs 0.4–1 m tall, dichotomously branched. Upper cauline internodes 2–22 mm long, light green (when fresh) or reddish becoming pale brown (when dry) and defoliated with age, quadrangular and sulcate on two of the four opposing faces, densely covered with stout glandular trichomes 0.3–1.1 mm long. Leaves decussate, moderately ascending, not concealing uppermost internodes, chartaceous to coriaceous, slightly discolored (when fresh), adaxial surface vivid green, abaxial surface pale green, both leaf surfaces becoming pale brown or reddish (when dry); petioles up to 0.8 mm long; blades 7–14 × 4–11 mm, ovate, apex rounded or slightly acute, base truncate to cordate, margin entire to inconspicuously crenulate-ciliate with hyaline trichomes up to 0.5 mm long, often flushed with red, narrowly revolute, adaxial surface densely covered with glandular trichomes 0.3–0.9, abaxial surface densely covered with glandular trichomes 0.3–1.1 mm long, the stouter trichomes concentrated on the veins, 9–11-nerved from the base (basal acrodromous), venation prominent on the abaxial surface and impressed on the adaxial surface, secondary venation not evident. Flowers 4-merous on short pedicels up to 0.5 mm long, concentrated at the apex of the branches, bracteolate. Bracteoles 2, inconspicuous, 1.5–2 × 0.4–0.8 mm, narrowly triangular, apex acute, base attenuate, densely covered with glandular trichomes 0.3–1.1 mm long on both surfaces, margin ciliate with similar glandular trichomes, 1-nerved. Hypanthia (at anthesis) 3–4 mm long, 3–4 mm wide at the torus, light green or reddish, campanulate, equaling the capsule in length at maturity, densely covered with stout glandular trichomes 0.3–1.1 mm long. Calyx tube inconspicuous, ca. 0.1 mm long. Calyx lobes 3–4 mm long, 1.5–2.6 mm wide, light green or reddish (when fresh) becoming pale brown (when dry), erect at anthesis, ovate to foliaceous, not auriculate, apex acute, margins entire and ciliate with glandular trichomes 0.3–0.9 mm long, both surfaces covered with glandular trichomes 0.3–0.9 mm long, the indumentum evenly distributed. Petals 5–7 × 6–8 mm, obovate, magenta, the base attenuate, apex obtuse, both surfaces glabrous, margins entire and ciliate with minute gland-tipped trichomes up to 0.4 mm long. Stamens 8, isomorphic, erect and clustered around the base of the style (at anthesis); filaments 2.5–3.5 mm long, white becoming red with age or following pollination, glabrous; anthers 1.8–2.2 × 0.6–0.8 mm, yellow, oblong but somewhat tapering distally, erostrate, pedoconnectives up to 0.2 mm, unappendaged. Ovary (at anthesis) ca. 1.5–1.8 × 1.2–1.4 mm, superior, subglobose, glabrous, 3-locular, 1/5 basally adnate to the hypanthium; style 4–5 mm long, magenta, glabrous, somewhat curved, stigma punctiform. Fruit at maturity a globose loculicidal capsule ca. 4–5 × 4–5 mm, pale brown, glabrous, 3-valvate, enveloping hypanthia, rupturing and flaking away with age. Seeds ca. 0.7 × 0.5 mm, brown, rounded-cochleate, testa tuberculate, raphal zone elliptic, ca. 40% the length of the seed. Additional specimens examined:— BRAZIL. Bahia: Abaíra. Distrito of Catolés, Chapada Diamantina, Trail to Pico do Barbado, 13°17’28.2”S, 41°53’48.9”W, [ca. 1543 m], 24 May 2019, fl., F. Almeda et al. 10782 (CAS!, CEPEC!, HUEM!); Catolés, caminho para a Serra do Barbado, 13°17’S, 41°50’W, 30 April 2006, fl., fr., M.L. Guedes et al. 12389 (ALCB!); Campo de Ouro Fino (baixo), 13°15’S, 41°54’W, 1600–1700 m, 10 January 1992, fl., fr., R.M. Harley et al. H50727 (HUEFS!, K-online image!, NY-online image!, SPF!); Serra do Barbado, 13°18’S, 41°54’W, 1950–2000 m, 12 January 2007, fl., fr., A.K.A. Santos et al. 970 (HUEFS!). Rio de Contas. Trilha para o Campo do Queiroz, 13°30’55.4”S, 41°56’51.7”W, 1410–1470 m, 20 May 1999, fl., fr., F. Almeda et al. 8326 (CAS!, HUFU-online image!, NY!, UEC!); estrada para Pico das Almas, ca. 24.1 km da cidade, 19 November 2000, fl., fr., J.F.A. Baumgratz et al. 742 (CEPEC!, RB!); trilha para o Pico das Almas, próximo ao Campo do Queiroz, 14 February 2012, fl., fr., J.G. Freitas et al. 763 (HUEFS!); caminho para o Pico das Almas, na subida para o Campo do Queiroz, 13°30’52”S, 41°56’54”W, 1502 m, 11 February 2002, fl., fr., R.M. Harley & A.M. Giulietti 54443 (HUEFS!); trilha para o Pico das Almas, 13°30’52.9”S, 41°56’54.6”W, 1382 m, 14 June 2022, fl., fr., R. Pacifico et al. 575 (CAS!, HUEFS!, HUEM!, RB!); trilha para o Pico do Itobira, 13°22’38.9”S, 41°53’10.6”W, 1542 m, 16 June 2022, fl., fr., R. Pacifico et al. 618 (CAS!, HUEM!, HUEFS!, RB!); Pico das Almas, trilha para o Pico das Almas, 13°30’53”S, 41°56’55”W, 1504 m, 14 February 2012, fl., fr., M.J.R. Rocha et al. 335 (BHCB, RB!); trilha na subida para o Pico das Almas, antes do Campo do Queiroz, 13°31’01”S, 41°55’35”W, 1507 m, 18 January 2003, fl., fr., A.K.A. Santos et al. 27 (HUEFS!, UEC-online image!); trilha para o Pico das Almas, 18 February 2006, fl. fr., A.K.A. Santos et al. 809 (HUEFS!); trilha para o Pico das Almas, 14 February 2012, fl., fr., A.K.A. Santos et al. 1204 (HUEFS!). Distribution, habitat and phenology:— Apparently endemic to the Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil (Appendix 2; Fig. 3). It grows in campo rupestre (Fig. 4) with rocky outcrops exposed to full sun at elevations between 1382–2000 m. Collected flowering from January to June, and fruiting in November, and from January to June (except March). Etymology:— The epithet honors professor Andrea Karla Almeida dos Santos (b. 1979–). Besides leading important field expeditions to the Chapada Diamantina, focused on Melastomataceae, Andrea Karla has described new species of Marcetia (Santos et al. 2008, 2013), authored a checklist for the family in Rio de Contas (Santos & Silva 2005) and the treatment of Marcetia for the Flora of Brazil (Santos 2022). Notes:— Marcetia santosiae is also morphologically similar to M. nummularia (Fig. 5 A–B). Both species share a dense indumentum of glandular trichomes on the internodes, abaxial leaf surfaces and hypanthia, as well as triangular calyx lobes and magenta petals. Marcetia santosiae differs by the modally longer leaf blades 7–14 mm long (vs. 6–8 mm long) that are ovate (vs. orbicular to suborbicular) and less markedly revolute, the shorter anthers 1.8–2.2 mm long (vs. 3–4 mm long) and 3-locular ovaries (vs. 4-locular). These species may occur sympatrically in Abaíra and Rio de Contas (Appendices 1–2). There appears to be no overlap in the distributions of M. santosiae and M. auricularia (Appendix 2) (for their distinctions see the diagnosis). Suggested conservation status:— Critically Endangered (CR): B1ac(iv) (Appendix 2).Published as part of Pacifico, Ricardo & Almeda, Frank, 2022, New species of Marcetia and Microlicia (Melastomataceae) endemic to the campo rupestre of Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, pp. 39-69 in Phytotaxa 573 (1) on pages 44-47, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.573.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/732945
Miconia approximata Gamba & Almeda 2014, nom. nov.
No full text6. Miconia approximata Gamba & Almeda, nom. nov. Basionym: Henriettella densiflora Standley (1929: 247). Clidemia densiflora (Standl.) Gleason (1950: 346). Henriettea densiflora (Standl.) Williams (1963: 565). Type: PANAMA. Prov. Bocas del Toro: Region of Almirante, Buena Vista Camp, 11 March 1928, Cooper 575 (holotype: F!; isotypes: K-internet image!, NY!, US-internet image!, WIS-internet image!). Nec Miconia densiflora (Gardner) Naudin (1850: 245; M. pusilliflora (de Candolle) Naudin (1850: 171–172)) nec Miconia densiflora Cogniaux (1886a: 22–23; M. caudata (Bonpland) de Candolle (1828: 187)). Shrub (0.5–)1–3(–3.5) m tall, commonly forming thickets, main stem branching at around 1 m, the branches pendant and sometimes sprawling over adjacent plants, bark brownish. Upper internodes [(1–) 1.5–6.8 cm long] and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, bracts, hypanthia, calyx lobes abaxially, and exterior calyx teeth densely composed of brown elongate slightly roughened trichomes 0.3–0.7 mm long, each trichome clavate and somewhat thickened, sparsely intermixed with, or occasionally completely replaced by a brown understory of dendritic trichomes 0.05–0.15 mm long with short to moderately long thin-walled (flattened) arms. Leaves of each pair somewhat anisophyllous in size, some pairs isophyllous; the short terete petioles 0.3–0.8(–1) cm long, brownish, occasionally pink; larger blades 12–22 × 4.8–9.3 cm, smaller blades (4.5–)5–11.2 × 2–4.5 cm, narrowly elliptic to elliptic or slightly ellipticobovate, the base acute to obtuse, the margin entire to obscurely undulate-serrulate, the apex gradually acuminate to long-acuminate, firm-membranaceous; mature leaves with adaxial surface glabrescent, in young leaves copiously covered with the general dendritic trichomes, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxial surface essentially glabrous except for a few glands coming on the venules, the tertiary veins moderately covered with the general dendritic trichomes, along with the higher order veins, copiously to sparsely beset with resinous sessile to short-stalked glands 0.05 mm long with thin-walled short to elongate heads, frequently intermixed with and occasionally replaced by white or brown-translucent furrowed sessile glands of the same length; 5-nerved, including the tenuous marginals, areolae 0.5–1 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete toward the blade base, flat toward the apex, the tertiary and higher order veins flat. Inflorescences a congested axillary fasciculate glomerule <1cm long, sessile, unbranched, paired or solitary among upper leafy nodes, seeming cauliflorous on defoliated nodes; bracts 1.5–3 × 0.5–1 mm, triangular to oblong, persistent to tardily deciduous in fruit. Flowers 4- merous, sessile. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.4–2.5 × 1.4–1.5(–2.2) mm, free portion of hypanthium 1 mm long, suburceolate to more or less globose, 8-ribbed, pinkish to green, the ribs frequently concealed by the dense general indumentum, ridged on the inner surface, minutely glandular, the glands sessile and rounded, the torus densely glandular with minute sessile to short-stalked rounded glands adaxially. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, green; tube 0.2–0.25(–0.3) mm long, adaxially with the same vestiture as the torus, abaxially with the same indumentum as the hypanthium; lobes 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, rounded-ovate to triangular, the margin entire, the apex rounded-obtuse, adaxially glabrescent, reflexed at anthesis; exterior teeth 0.5–1 mm long, subulate, inserted on the apical half of the calyx lobes and slightly projecting beyond them. Petals 2.5–2.6 × 0.9–1 mm, ovate-oblong to linear-oblong, the margin entire, the apex rounded-obtuse, white to pale-pink, glabrous on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 8; filaments 1–1.5 × 0.2–0.25 mm, white, glabrous; anther thecae 1.4–1.5 × 0.25–0.33 mm, linear-oblong, more or less truncate to slightly emarginate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.07–0.1 mm in diameter, white or pale pink, becoming brown with age; connective white, also becoming brown with age, its prolongation and appendage 0.35–0.45(–0.5) mm long, the appendage deltoid-lanceolate, bluntly acute to obtuse at the apex, copiously gland-edged and covered with stalked or subsessile glandular trichomes to 0.15 mm long, denser dorsally and present throughout the connective. Ovary 4-locular, 3/4 inferior, 1.7–1.8 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar (0.3–)0.4–0.5 × 0.25 mm, conic, copiously glandular-puberulent; style 2.5–3.5 mm long, more or less parallel sided (i.e. subterete), white, glabrous or with few glands at the very base; stigma truncate to capitellate. Berries 2–2.5 × 5–6 mm when dry, globose-oblate, bright orange when ripe, the hypanthium indumentum somewhat persistent at maturity. Seeds 0.52–0.57 × 0.31–0.4 mm, pyramidal, yellow-brown; lateral SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 51 symmetrical plane triangular, the highest point near the central part of the seed, with a foot-like projection at the micropylar end; antiraphal symmetrical plane suboblong; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 60–80% the length of the seed; multicellular sculpture rugose throughout the seed; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief striate. Chromosome number: n=17. Additional specimens studied:— BELIZE. Middlesex: 61 m, 19 July 1929, Schipp 264 (F, US). COLOMBIA. Chocó: (Bahía Solano), Mecana, Jardín Botánico del Pacífico, Ciudad Mutis, Sendero Jaguar (Trail # 3), 6.26435°N, - 77.37045°W, 120 m, 4 February 2012, Almedaet al. 10459 (CAS, CHOCO, COL); (Bahía Solano), P.N.N. Ensenada de Utría, Camino entre Punta Diego y Caida Cocalito, 6°21’N, 76°26’W, 0–100 m, 18 April 1990, Espina et al. 3644 (CHOCO, MO); ca 1 mile NE of Camp Curiche, ca 3 miles Eof Curiche, 21 May 1967, Duke & Idobro 11323 (US); Nridge of Alto Buey, above Dos Bocas del Río Mutatá, tributary of Río El Valle, ESE of El Valle, 200–500 m, 8 August 1976, Gentry & Fallen 17410 (MO, US); Hills behind Bahía Solano (Puerto Mutis), 0–250 m, 5 January 1973, Gentry & Forero 7204 (MO); Carretera Quibdó-Guayabal, 40 m, 24 April 1975, Forero et al. 1154 (COL, MO); Headwaters Río Salaqui, Hydro Camp 3, 335 m, 21 June 1968, Duke 15774 (MO); (Bahía Solano), El Valle, Trocha El Valle-Boro Boro, 6°21’N, 76°26’W, 17 April 1989, Espina et al. 2674 (CHOCO, MO). COSTA RICA. Alajuela: (Upala), Dos Ríos, 5 km al Sde Brasilia, margen derecho del Río Pizote, 10°55’N, 85°20’W, 500 m, 29 October 1987, Herrera 986 (CAS, CR, F, MO); (San Carlos), Entre Dulce Nombre Norte y Dulce Nombre Sur, 530 m, 23 June 1966, Jiménez 4068 (F); 17–20 km NNW of San Ramón by road on way to San Lorenzo, 4 to 7 km Nof Balsa, 10°13’N, 84°32’W, ca. 750 m, 24 April 1983, Liesner & Judziewicz 14680 (CAS); R.B. Monteverde, Río Peñas Blancas, Laguna de Poco Sol, 10°21’N, 84°40’W, 700 m, 14 December 1989, Bello 1633 (CAS, CR); Near Artezalea and Methodist Rural Center, about 8 km NE of Villa Quesada, 550 m, 16 February 1966, Molina et al. 17146 (F, US); (San Carlos), Cuenca del San Carlos, Boca Tapada, Entre Santa Rita y la Curena, 10°41’25"N, 84°11’0"W, 100 m, 24 February 1999, Rodríguez & Ramírez 4492 (INB, MO). Cartago: Valle Escondido, 700 m, 2 April 1966, Schnell 672 (CR, F). Heredia: Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Along Far Loop Trail, about 1300 m line, 100 m, 12 July 1980, Grayum 2966 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Sboundery-E end, 100 m, 2 May 1981, Folsom 9991 (CAS, US); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, 2200 Holdridge Trail, 100 m, 18 February 1981, Folsom 9020 (CAS, F); La Selva, Near Puerto Viejo, Loop Trail, 90 m, 21 May 1972, Opler 813 (F, US); (Sarapiquí), Tirimbina, Istarú Farm, 220 m, 17 January 1970, Lent 1872 (F); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Sboundary, Eof Central Trail, 100 m, 20 February 1981, Folsom 9047 (CAS, F); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, in SW quarter of new property, 100 m, 15 May 1982, Hammel 12238 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, In forest on ridge Wof Holdridge Trail 2200 m S, 100 m, 19 May 1982, Hammel 12350 (CAS); Estación Biologica La Selva of the Organization for Tropical Studies, Rain forest off of the Oriental Trail, 100 m, 27 February 1986, Almeda et al. 5096 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, In forest Eof Far Loop Trail, 1100 m line, 100 m, 22 May 1980, Hammel 8750 (CAS, F); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Central Trail, 2600 m, 100 m, 10 February 1981, Folsom 8870 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, In forest on slopes between Wboundary of La Selva proper and trail through SE section of new property at 2700 m S, 100 m, 27 May 1982, Hammel 12553 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Pasos Perdides, 100 m, 31 March 1983, Chacón 649 (CAS); P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Estación Penal Magsasay, Sendero Principal, 10°24’10"N, 84°3’30"W, 200 m, 20 October 1990, Umaña & Chacón 448 (CAS, CR); (Heredia), Sarapiquí, La Virgen, P.N. Braulio Carrillo, 200 m Edel Puesto La Ceiba, sobre la Fila y rivera del Río Peje, 10°20’N, 84°5’W, 400 m, 15 October 1988, Ballestero 9 (CAS, CR, MO); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, 3600 NS × 1350 EW m line, 100 m, 11 December 1982, McDowell 1104 (CAS, F); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, 2800 m, Central Trail, along path, 100 m, 29 August 1981, Smith 143 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Central Trail, 1400 m, 100 m, 6 February 1981, Folsom 8794 (CAS); (Tirimbina), 52 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA 213 m, 29 May 1971, Proctor 32122 (F, GH, MO); La Selva, Near Puerto Viejo, Loop Trail, Shrub K 10, 90 m, 16 April 1972, Opler 703 (F); La Selva de Sarapiquí, 500 m, 31 October 1965, Schnell 330 (CR, F, US); Río Sarapiquí above Cariblanco, 15 September 1965, Schnell 99 (CR, F); La Selva de Sarapiquí, 200 m, 4 February 1966, Schnell 415 (CR, US); Nof Puerto Viejo, 12 km to ferry, over ferry, 6 km along road, 100 m, 3 February 1983, Garwood et al. 990 (MO); Sof Puerto Viejo, 2 km Sof Magsasay Penal Colony, Wof the road, 200 m, 5 February 1983, Garwood et al. 1117 (MO); (Sarapiquí), No protegida, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Finca Aracuak, Río Frío, Senderos Pilón y Oropendula, 10°13’0"N, - 85°55’0.0001"W, 200–300 m, 1 August 2002, Kriebel 709 (INB, MO); (Sarapiquí), OET La Selva, Sendero SSA, 950 m, 2 June 2004, Aguilar 8751 (MO); (Sarapiquí), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Estación El Ceibo, camino al Río Peje, 10°19’37.697"N, - 84°4’39.669"W, 500–546 m, 12 March 2003, González 3076 (INB, MO). Limón: (Limón), El Progreso, Cordillera de Talamanca. entre Cerro Muchilla y Cerro Avioneta, Fila Matama, siguiendo la fila y los flancos, 9°47’40"N, 83°6’30"W, 850 m, 8 April 1989, Herrera & Madrigal 2555 (INB, MO); 7 km SW of Bribrí, 100–250 m, 4 May 1983, Gómez et al. 20432 (CAS, CR); 7 km SW of Bribrí, 100–250 m, 4 May 1983, Gómez et al. 20432 (CAS, CR); P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Puesto Quebrada González, desde los alrededores de la casa hacia el bosque junto a la Quebrada González, 10°9’N, 85°56’W, 500–600 m, 18 May 1988, Umaña & Chavarría 244 (CAS, CR); Cerro Coronel, Eof Laguna Danto, 10°41’N, 83°38’W, 20–170 m, 16 January 1986, Stevens 23655 (CAS, MO); R.B. Hitoy Cerere, From Río Cerere to Cerro Bobókara, 100–600 m, 26 February 1991, Almeda et al. 6824 (CAS); (Pococí), R.N.F.S. Barra del Colorado, Llanura de Tortuguero, Sardinas, 10°38’38"N, 83°44’10"W, 15–20 m, 12 December 1992, Araya 176 (CAS, CR); P.N. Tortuguero, Estación Cuatro Esquinas, 400 m al Ede la casa-estación, 10°31’N, 83°30’W, 2 m, 28 November 1987, Robles 1378 (CAS, CR, MO); Lomas de Sierpe, 5 km NE de La Aurora, Guápiles, Límite S P.N, Tortuguero, junto al Río Sierpe, 10°22’N, 83°31’W, 30 m, 5 December 1988, Robles 2215 (CAS, CR, F, MO); (Tortuguero), Suretka, 200 m from RECOPE oil drilling platform, 9°34’N, 82°56’W, 27 June 1984, Barringer et al. 3573 (CAS, CR, F); Hacienda Tapezco-Hacienda La Suerte, 29 air km Wof Tortuguero, 10°30’N, 83°47’W, 40 m, 16 August 1979, Davidson & Donahue 8401 (CAS); P.N. Tortuguero, Estación Agua Fría, 6 km al SE (aprox), sobre los Cerros Azules, 10°27’N, 83°34’W, 70 m, 19 January 1988, Robles 1532 (CAS, CR, MO); (Puerto Viejo de Limón), 100 m, 24 March 1966, Schnell 603 (CR, F, US); (Pococí), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Estación Quebrada González, Sendero Las Palmas, 10°9’48"N, 83°56’20"W, 500 m, 11 September 1996, Rodríguez et al. 1508 (F, INB, MO); (Pococí), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Estación Quebrada González, Sendero Las Palmas, 10°9’48"N, 83°56’20"W, 500 m, 11 September 1996, Rodríguez et al. 1506 (INB, MO); (Talamanca), San Miguel, Cuenca del Sixaola, Bosque sometidos a explotación de madera entre San Miguel y Gandoca. siguiendo el curso de quebrada innominada (aparentemente Mile Creek), 9°34’30"N, 82°40’0"W, 30–100 m, 21 January 1997, González et al. 1708 (F, INB); (Barra de Colorado), 0 m, 2 March 1966, Schnell 550 (CR, F, US); (Pococí), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Estación Quebrada González, Sendero Las Palmas, 10°9’50"N, 83°56’30"W, 550 m, 3 April 1997, Rodríguez et al. 2099 (INB, MO); (Matina), Z.P. Pacuare, Cuenca del Matina, Sendero Topoyiyo, 9°59’25"N, 83°26’30"W, 300 m, 23 June 1999, Mora-Castro 375 (INB, MO). Puntarenas: (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Valle del Coto Colorado, Alrededores de la Estación Esquinas, 8°46’0"N, 83°15’0"W, 100 m, 19 April 1993, Aguilar 1718 (CAS, CR, MO); (Golfito), R.N.V.S. Golfito, 3–6 km from Zona Franca near Golfito along the road to La Esquina, 8°38’45"N, 83°10’44"W, 100–120 m, 30 June 1994, Kress & Runk 94-4651 (US); Eastern Osa Peninsula, More than 500 m from edge of primary moist tropical forest, 8.69539°’N, -83.58246°’W, 25 July 2001, Mayfield 911-1647-1487 (MO); Osa Peninsula, Along road from Panamerican Hwy at Piedras Blancas to Rincón, 3.7 mi Wof Panamerican Hwy, 8°46’N, 83°18’W, 90–105 m, 16 September 1987, Croat 67666 (CAS); Marenco Biological Station, On the NW coast of the Osa Peninsula, Unnamed trail leading due Sof the Rainforest trail Tacotal Trail, 60–120 m, 14 March 1986, Almeda et al. 5580 (CAS); Marenco Biological Station, On the NW coast of the Osa Peninsula, NE sector of the Sendero Camino Publico, 60–120 m, 13 March 1986, Almedaet al. 5554 (CAS); (Golfito),, P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Manglar del Río Corcovado, Estación Sirena, Playa Llorona, 8°31’35"N, 83°39’10"W, 0 m, 15 May 1995, Churchill a 174 (CAS, CR); (Sirena), Los Patos, P.N. Corcovado, Sirena, Los Patos, Trail to Río Pavon, 8°28’N, 83°35’W, 1–50 m, 26 June 1989, Kernan 1184 (CAS, CR, MO); (Golfito), P.N. Corcovado, Península de Osa, Estación Los Patos, alrededores, 8°34’0"N, 83°31’0"W, 200 m, 1 September 1993, Aguilar 2143 (CAS, CR, MO); (Rincón de Osa), Osa Peninsula, Along the Camino de Altura, 2 to 5 miles Wof Rincón de Osa, Osa Peninsula, Trail to airfield from Mile 4 at about 500 ft, 122–305 m, 9 August 1967, Raven 21670 (F, MO); (Rincón de Osa), Osa Peninsula, Region to W of airstrip, 40–100 m, 21 July 1974, Utley & Utley 1099 (CR, F); (Rincón de Osa), Osa SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 53 Peninsula, Trail from Rincón de Osa to Rancho Quemado, 13 November 1972, Kennedy 1952 (F, MO); Top of”Ridge Road", Near Rincón de Osa, 13 November 1972, Kennedy 1971 (MO); 4–6 km from Golfito on road to TV tower and tele-communications center, 400 m, 14 May 1976, Utley & Utley 4873 (F); (Osa), No protegida, Ballena, Playa Hermosa, Dominical, 9°11’30"N, -83°46’23.0001", 0–100 m, 28 June 2002, Kriebel 347 (INB, MO); (Golfito), Península de Osa, Estero guerra de Sierpe, 8°46’0"N, 83°35’10"W, 200 m, 5 June 1995, Rodríguez 768 (INB, MO); (Osa), Rancho Quemado, 8°43’10"N, 83°34’50"W, 150 m, 13 January 1991, Lobo 48 (INB, MO); (Sirena), P.N. Corcovado, Los Patos Forest, 8°27–30’N, 83°33–38’W, 150–200 m, 18 February 1988, Kernan 183 (CR, MO); (Golfito), P.N. Piedras Blancas, Serranías de Golfito, Cerros frente a la Estación, 8°41’10"N, - 83°13’20"W, 200 m, 8 June 2000, Acosta et al. 1609 (INB, MO). San José: Z.P. La Cangreja, Santa Rosa de Puriscal, Bosque primario en las márgenes del Río Negro, SE de la Fila de La Cangreja, 9°42’50"N, 84°23’30"W, 400 m, 8 May 1993, Morales 1451 (CAS, CR); (Vasquez de Coronado), P.N. Braulio Carrillo, Along Hwy San José to Siquerres Hwy, along trail to Río Sucio, site of the Old Carillo Station, 10°9’50"N, 83°57’10"W, 600–700 m, 30 August 1996, Croat 78780 (CAS); (Dota), Zona protectora Cerro Nara, Faldas, 9°29’40"N, 84°0’50"W, 800–900 m, 4 December 1997, Estrada et al. 1400 (CR, F, MO); (Tarrazú), Faldas del cerro Nara, ca Esquipulas, límite Quepos (Puntarenas) y Tarrazú, 9°29’N, 84°3’W, 350–400 m, 11 July 1987, Gómez-Laurito et al. 11590 (CR, F); (Mastatal de Puriscal), 400 m, 4 December 1986, Zamora & Jiménez. 1314 (CR, MO); P.N. Carrillo, Bosque cerca del Río Sucio, Estación Carrillo, 25 April 1984, Sánchez et al. 497 (MO). ECUADOR. Napo-Pastaza: (Mera), 1100 m, 25 November 1955, Asplund 18620 (NY, US). Pastaza: Alongroadto Río Anzu, 17.1 km Nof Mera, 3.5 km Nof Río Anzu, trail W into montains, 1°23’26"S, 78°3’19"W, 1238–1400 m, 6 May 2003, Croat et al. 88712 (CAS). GUATEMALA. Alta Vera Paz: Near The Finca Sepacuite, 23 April 1902, Cook & Griggs 747 (US). Izabal: (Puerto Mendez), Puerto Mendez, 18 km on Poquela Road, 5 June 1970, Contreras 9959 (CAS, MO, UTD); (Puerto Mendez), Puerto Mendez, 7 km on Toquela Road, 8 September 1970, Contreras 10226 (CAS, GH, MO); Montaña del Mico, Between Virginia and Lago Izabal, 50 m, 5 April 1940, Steyermark 38865 (NY); Puerto Mendez, On Toquela River Road, 5 km from the village, 6 September 1969, Contreras 9081 (CAS, GH, MO); Along trail beginning from mile 33.23 between Darthmouth and Morales towards Lago Izabal, Montaña del Mico, 35–150 m, 7 April 1940, Steyermark 39042 (F); Cerro San Gil, Along Río Frío, 75 m, 17 December 1941, Steyermark 39946 (F); (Cadenas), On Toquela River Road, 5 km from the village, 6 September 1969, Contreras 9077 (GH, MO, US). HONDURAS. Atlántida: Southern boundary of Lancetilla Valley, On ridge separating Lancetilla watershed from the watershed to the S, around San Francisco, 15°41’30"N, 87°28’0"W, 380–420 m, 8 November 1988, MacDougal et al. 3377 (CAS, MO); Lancetilla mountain, 100 m, 8 April 1970, Molina & Molina 25610 (F, NY, US); Lancetilla Valley, Near Tela, 20–600 m, 6 December 1927, Standley 52936 (F); Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 20–600 m, 6 December 1927, Standley 56796 (F); Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 20–600 m, 6 December 1927, Standley 53107 (F). Gracias a Dios: Camp Tiro, 2 mi NW of Bulebar on third northern branch of Quebrada Tiro, tributary of Río Plátano, Along walk 1 km of camp, 15°43’N, 84°50’W, ca. 61 m, 22 March 1981, Saunders 1087 (CAS, F, UNM); Between Rancho Chico and Cockscomb, Monkey River, 31 March 1943, Gentle 4373 (CAS, UTD). NICARAGUA. Atlántico Norte: (Bonanza), R. de Bosawas, Comunidad de Musawas, SW de Musawas, 14°6’59"N, 84°43’49"W, 50–200 m, 20 September 2003, Coronado & Gurdian 278 (CAS). Bluefields: 1.4 km Nof base camp, Base Camp 3.6 km SE Cerro San Isidro, Río Kama, Río Escondido, 12°05–15’N, 83–84°45–20’W, 0–65 m, 6 March 1966, Proctor et al. 27001 (CAS, US). Matagalpa: (Río Blanco), R.N. Cerro Musún, 12°58’N, 85°13’W, 500–1400 m, 15 July 2000, Rueda & Caballero 14171 (CAS, MO). Río San Juan: (El Castillo), R. Indio-Maíz, a lo largo del caño el Pavon, a 3 km de su desembocadura en el Río Bartola, 11°1’N, 84°16’W, 31 December 1996, Rueda et al. 5136 (CAS, MO); Río Pigibaye, 18 February 1995, Rueda et al. 3197 (CAS); (El Castillo), R. Indio-Maíz, Cerro El Diablo, 11°1’N, 84°13’W, 100–200 m, 7 December 1998, Rueda et al. 9550 (CAS, MO); (El Castillo), R. Indio-Maíz, 3 km al Nde la desembocadura del Caño Chontaleño, 11°5’N, 84°15’W, 24 February 1997, Rueda et al. 6308 (MO). Zelaya: Caño Zamora on Río Rama, 11°57’N, 84°16’W, 10 m, 16 May 1978, Stevens 8828 (CAS); Caño El Hormiguero, On E slope of El Hormiguero, 13°46’N, 84°59’W, 750–800 m, 17 March 1980, Pipoly 6107 (CAS); Caño Costa Riquita, ca. 1.8 km SW of Colonia Naciones Unidas, above (S of) road between Colonia Nueva León and Colonia Naciones Unidas, 11°43’N, 84°18’W, 150–180 m, 6 November 1977, Stevens 5080 (CAS); (Siuna), R. Bosawas, Cerro Saslaya, 13°47’N, 84°59’W, 300–400 m, 10 April 1999, Rueda et al. 10567 (CAS, MO); (Nueva Guinea), R. Indio-Maíz, 11°25’N, 84°13’W, 200–300 m, 5 January 1999, Rueda et al. 9829 (CAS, MO); Costado SW de Cerro El Hormiguero, 13°44’10"N, 84°59’50"W, 900–1000 m, 18 April 1979, Grijalva 463 (MO); Along road
FIGURE 1. Miconia galdamesiae Kriebel & Almeda. A. Habit. B. Leaf abaxial surface showing asymmetric leaf veins. C. Flowering branch. D. Ultimate inflorescence branch with clustered flowers. E in Two new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) from the cloud forests of Panama
No full textFIGURE 1. Miconia galdamesiae Kriebel & Almeda. A. Habit. B. Leaf abaxial surface showing asymmetric leaf veins. C. Flowering branch. D. Ultimate inflorescence branch with clustered flowers. E. Floral bud with fused sepals that terminate in an apiculum. F. Flower at anthesis. G. Longitudinal section of the hypanthium at anthesis. H. Petal. I–J. Longitudinal section and detail of the ovary apex and the inner hypanthial wall. K. Stamen (profile view). From the holotype.Published as part of Kriebel, Ricardo & Almeda, Frank, 2013, Two new species of Miconia (Melastomataceae: Miconieae) from the cloud forests of Panama, pp. 27-41 in Phytotaxa 134 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.134.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/481454
Pleroma piranii F. S. Mey. & Almeda 2022, sp. nov.
No full textPleroma piranii F.S.Mey. & Almeda sp. nov. (Figures 1−2). Type:― BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, Santana do Riacho [“Jaboticatubas”], Serra do Cipó, entre Km 112 e 113 na estrada para Conceição do Mato Dentro, 19º10’S, 43º30’W, elev. 1280 m, 31 May 1998, F . Almeda 7762, R. Romero, O. Robinson & D. Robinson (holotype: UEC!; isotypes: CAS!, HUFU!, UPCB!). Diagnosis: — Pleroma piranii differs from P. velutinum by the larger leaves, 2.5 7.1 × 1.4 4.7 cm (vs. 2.4 4.1 × 1.3 2.1 cm in P. velutinum) that are densely sericeous on the adaxial surface (vs. moderately strigose), with 7 veins (vs. 5 veins) and the base rounded to slightly cordate (vs. the base only obtuse). It also differs by the more elongated inflorescences, 7 17.9 cm long (vs. 3.3 8.3 cm long), and completely glabrous style (vs. moderately beset with appressed white eglandular trichomes along much of their length). Description: ―Erect shrubs to 1.5 m tall with sympodial growth, few-branched. Younger branches roundedquadrangular becoming rounded with age, densely strigose with a mixture of fine smooth ± appressed white to tan trichomes 0.5–1.5 mm long and longer mostly smooth (sometimes forked) ± appressed trichomes 0.75–2 mm long with swollen bases; the older branches brown, glabrate and decorticating; nodes initially bordered by trichomes similar to the internodes but these falling away with age. Leaves opposite, petioles 3–6 mm long; blades 2.5–7.1 × 1.4–4.7 cm, chartaceous, green (in live specimens) and brown (in dehydrated specimens), but mostly obscured by the indumentum on both surfaces, ovate, base rounded to slightly cordate, apex acute, margins entire and largely concealed by the indumentum, 7 acrodromous veins with the outermost secondary veins confluent near the leaf base on abaxial surface, domatia absent and reticulation (if present) not evident and obscured on abaxial surface by dense indumentum; adaxial surface ± flat, green to brownish in dry specimens, copiously strigose with a mixture of smooth eglandular linear-based trichomes 1–3 mm long concentrated near the impressed primary and secondary veins and smooth eglandular trichomes 2–2.5 mm long with swollen bases, abaxial surface flat with elevated primary and secondary veins, color obscured by the tan indumentum when dry, densely sericeous to strigose on the surface and elevated primary and secondary veins, trichomes 2.5–3.5 mm long, eglandular, mostly appressed, the base mostly linear (slightly swollen on the trichomes covering the elevated veins), not immersed, rarely forked, eglandular. Thyrsoids 7–18 × 4–6 cm, terminal, 20–45 flowers, axis rounded to slightly quadrangular, with the same indumentum as the upper branch internodes; bracts paired, similar to leaves in color and shape, petioles up to 2 mm long, blade 1.3–2.5 × 0.9–1.5 cm, ovate, indumentum similar to the leaves; bracteoles paired, reddish to reddish-brown, deciduous, 7–9 × 3–4 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, apex acute, enveloping flower buds but mostly not concealing bud apex, margins entire, finely ciliate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface densely sericeous, with indumentum covering the entire surface, or sparsely sericeous or glabrous at the margin, trichomes 2–3 mm long, smooth, eglandular and unforked, appressed, the base not swollen, not immersed. Flowers 5-merous, subsessile or on pedicels up to ca. 0.75 mm long; hypanthia with the epidermis green or reddish green, barely visible (obscured by dense indumentum), 6–8 × 4–5.5 mm, not costate, densely sericeous, trichomes 2–4 mm long, smooth, eglandular, appressed, the base linear, not immersed, sometimes forked; calyx lobes with the epidermis with the same color as the hypanthium, barely visible (obscured by the dense indumentum), late deciduous, 5–6 × 1.5–3 mm, oblong, margins ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded with a tuft of smooth trichomes, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface with indumentum similar to the hypanthia, trichomes dense and concealing the entire abaxial surface; petals purple (at anthesis) but white at the base, 14–15 × 9–10 mm, obovate to ± obdeltoid, apex rounded-truncate, ciliate (some of the trichomes glandular); stamens 10, isometric, antesepalous with the filaments white (at anthesis), 7 mm long, sparsely glandular-pilose on its midportion, trichomes 0.25 mm long, unbranched, glandular, straight, the base linear, not immersed, not forked, pedoconnective white, ca. 1 mm prolonged below the thecae, glabrous, ventral appendages bilobed, white, ascendant, apex bluntly acute to obtuse, 0.5 mm long, glabrous, thecae purple but white distally, 8–9 × 0.25–0.50 mm, falcate, antepetalous with filaments white (at anthesis), 6.5 mm long, sparsely glandular-pilose on its middle or upper middle portion, trichomes 0.25 mm long, unbranched, glandular, straight, the base linear, not immersed, not forked, pedoconnective white, ca. 0.75 mm prolonged below the thecae, glabrous, ventral appendages bilobed, white, ascendant, apex bluntly acute to obtuse, 0.5 mm long, thecae purple but white distally, ca. 7.5 × 0.25–0.50 mm, falcate; ovary 4–4.5 × 3–3.5 mm, 5-locular, densely sericeous throughout, trichomes 1.5–3 mm long, unbranched, eglandular, appressed, the base linear, not immersed, not forked; style purple but white just below the stigma, 18–20 mm long, distally curved, glabrous, stigma truncate, white. Velatidium 5.8–6.5 × 5–7.3 mm, sepals late deciduous, pedicels 0.9–1.3 mm long. Seeds not seen. Paratypes: — BRAZIL. Minas Gerais, unspecified municipality, s.d., A. F. M . Glaziou 19294 (K000329046!); ibidem, ca 15 km E. of Diamantina, 20 March 1970, H. S . Irwin et al. 27966 (NY!, US online image); ibidem, Estrada Diamantina-Conselheiro Mata, 20.3 kms depois do asfalto, 23 September 1994, Splett & Gröger 654 (SPF!, UB!, US online image). Municipality of Alvorada de Minas, Distrito de Itapanhoacanga, estrada para Cachoeira Campina, 24 May 2009, L . Menini Neto et al. 708 (HUFU!, K!, RB online image, SPF!). Municipality of Datas, rodovia Datas-Serro, Km 451, 1 March 1998, J. R . Pirani et al. 4061 (SPF!). Municipality of Diamantina, Margem de estrada para a formação, 4 May 2016, J. E. Q . Faria 5955 (HDJF online image, HUFU!, SP!, UB!). Municipality of Itambé do Mato Dentro, Estrada para a Serra Cabeça de Boi, 8 August 1992, J. R . Stehmann & M. E. Sobral 1122 (UEC!). Municipality of Santana de Pirapama, Faz. Inhame, Serra do Cipó, 20 March 1982, J. R . Pirani et al., CFSC 7978 (SP!, SPF!, UEC!, US online image); Trilha de captação da Faz. Toucan Cipó, Capela de São José, 15 March 2009, D. C . Zappi et al. 2149 (RB online image, SPF!). Municipality of Santana do Riacho, [“Jaboticatubas”], Km 139, ao longo da rodovia Lagoa Santa – Conceição do Mato Dentro – Diamantina, 8 July 1970, A. B . Joly et al., CFSC 307 (SP!, UEC!); Serra do Cipó, Km 109 (antigo 114) da estrada a Lagoa Santa a Conceição do Mato Dentro, 6 September 1980, E . Forero et al. 7828, CFSC 8735 (SP!, SPF!); ibidem, UCAT, 22 February 1985, M. A . Lopes & P. M. Andrade s.n. (HUFU-6293!). Municipality of Serro, Distrito de Mato Grosso, Pedra do Cruzeiro Mineração, 28 March 2001, R . Romero & J. Nakajima 6006 (HUFU!). Distribution and habitat:— Pleroma piranii is apparently endemic to Serra do Cipó and the Planalto de Diamantina in Minas Gerais state, where it occurs on quartzitic campo rupestre associated with rocky outcrops exposed to full sun, at elevations between 800–1390 m (Fig. 3). All known populations of P. piranii are within the Planalto de Diamantina biogeographic district of Colli-Silva et al. (2019). The distribution pattern of P. piranii is shared with several other species of Melastomataceae (Pacifico et al. 2020b, Paranhos 2020). Phenology:—Collected flowering and fruiting from February to September (except June). Conservation:— Pleroma piranii should be considered Endangered (EN) according to IUCN (2022) criterion B1. The species is known from few populations, and its distribution is restricted. Its Area of Occurrence (EO) is 3,499.736 km 2 (less than 5,000 Km 2), and its Area of Occupancy (AO) is about 48,000 km 2. Pleroma piranii has been collected only 13 times between the years 1970 and 2016. One specimen was collected within the boundaries of the Serra do Cipó National Park (Fig. 3), the only fully protected conservation unit within the Serra do Cipó. Five specimens were collected inside the Morro da Pedreira APA (Environmental Protection Area; Fig. 3), a conservation unit with few environmental restrictions. Other conservation units that can potentially protect populations of P. piranii include three Brazilian state parks (Serra do Intendente State Park, Pico do Itambé State Park, Biribiri State Park), one national park (Sempre-Vivas National Park) and one environmental protection area (Águas Vertentes APA). According to Fernandes (2016), major threats to campo rupestre endemic vegetation include biological invasions, deforestation, mining, road construction, tourism, human-caused fires, plant extraction, cattle ranching, and agriculture. Etymology:—The epithet “ piranii ” honors our colleague Dr. José Rubens Pirani (1953–), Professor of Botany at the University of São Paulo and Curator of the SPF herbarium. Dr. Pirani is one of the major organizers of the Flora of Serra do Cipó, and an active plant collector in the region. In addition to a productive research career concentrated on the systematics of Neotropical Sapindales (especially Rutaceae and Simaroubaceae), he has mentored numerous graduate students and has routinely provided botanical assistance to all students and colleagues who have solicited his help. Two of the paratypes of this species (Pirani et al. 4061, and Pirani et al. CFSC 7978) were collected by Pirani. Note:— Pleroma piranii resembles the species traditionally recognized in Tibouchina Aublet (1775: 177) section Pleroma (Don 1823: 283) Cogniaux (1885: 330), especially the group defined by the following morphological characters: (1) the appendages and connectives of the stamens are glabrous, (2) filaments glabrous or covered with short trichomes, (3) hypanthia and leaves sericeous, (4) calyx lobes elongated, (5) branches tetragonal and devoid of wings, and (6) leaves oval, sericeous on the adaxial surface (see the key of Tibouchina section Pleroma, according to Cogniaux 1885). Within this group, P. piranii is most similar to species with a branched habit such as Pleroma velutinum (Naudin 1850: 144) Triana (1872: 42), and Pleroma blanchetianum (Cogniaux 1885: 351) Guimarães & Michelangeli in Guimarães et al. (2019: 975). Pleroma piranii is morphologically similar to P.velutinum due to its shrubby habit (moderately branched), opposite leaves (exclusively), these discolorous, and short petioles. It is also similar in having thyrsoid inflorescences, flower buds surrounded by two elliptical bracteoles, pentamerous flowers, sericeous hypanthia, purple petals, isometric stamens (i.e., the antepetalous and antesepalous cycles differ little in relation to the size of the filaments, connectives, connective appendages, and anthers), purple anthers (light purple on its adaxial surface in P. piranii), glabrous connectives and appendages, filaments sparsely glandular pilose on its basal portion (sometimes glabrous in P. velutinum; Freitas et al. 2016). Pleroma piranii differs from P. velutinum by the characters enumerated in the diagnosis, and also by the older branches with a decorticated epidermis (vs. older branches with epidermis non-decorticated in P. velutinum), indumentum on the adaxial surface of the leaves, which is uniform in size along the adaxial surface and veins in P. piranii (vs. indumentum on the adaxial surface of the leaves longer on the primary veins, especially the portion closer to the base in P. velutinum). One other difference between P. piranii and P. velutinum is that the former species has trichomes completely covering the ovary (vs. only at the apex in P. velutinum). Pleroma piranii occurs only in the state of Minas Gerais, on Serra do Cipó and the Planalto de Diamantina, and P. velutinum occurs only in the state of Bahia, on the Chapada Diamantina (northern Cadeia do Espinhaço; Freitas et al. 2016). Pleroma piranii is also morphologically similar to P. blanchetianum due to the shrubby habit (moderately branched) and leaves with short petioles. They also share thyrsoid inflorescences, flower buds surrounded by two elliptical bracteoles, sericeous hypanthia, purple petals, isometric stamens, purple anthers, glabrous connectives and appendages, filaments sparsely glandular pilose on its basal portion (sometimes glabrous in P. blanchetianum; Cogniaux 1885, Freitas et al. 2016). Pleroma piranii differs from P. blanchetianum in having the older branches with decorticated epidermis (vs. older branches with epidermis non-decorticated in P. blanchetianum), larger leaves, with 2.5 7.1 × 1.4 4.7 cm (vs. 1–3 × 0.6–2.5 cm), ovate (vs. orbicular), with opposite branching (vs. more often verticillate, and rarely opposite). Pleroma blanchetianum may have tetramerous (less often) and pentamerous flowers (Freitas et al. 2016), while P. piranii, only has pentamerous flowers; P. piranii also differs by the ovary that is covered with trichomes for its entire length (vs. only at the apex in P. blanchetianum). Pleroma piranii occurs only in the state of Minas Gerais, on Serra do Cipó and Planalto de Diamantina, and P. blanchetianum occurs only in the state of Bahia, especially on the Chapada Diamantina (the northern portion of Cadeia do Espinhaço; Freitas et al. 2016). Pleroma piranii also appears to be related to Pleroma clavatum (Persoon 1805: 476) Guimarães & Michelangeli in Guimarães et al. (2019: 974); they resemble each other in their shrubby habit (little branched in P. clavatum), oval leaves that are opposite (exclusively), discolorous (slightly discolorous in P. clavatum), and sericeous on the adaxial surface. They also share the elongated thyrsoids, sericeous hypanthia, purple petals, isometric stamens, purple anthers, glabrous connectives and appendages, filaments sparsely glandular pilose along their basal portions (Guimarães & Oliveira 2009). Pleroma piranii differs from P. clavatum by the older branches with decorticated epidermis (vs. older branches with epidermis non-decorticated in P. clavatum), brown leaves (in dehydrated specimens) on the adaxial surface (vs. silvery leaves on the adaxial surface), with an acute apex (vs. obtuse), longer petioles that are 3 6 mm long (vs. absent or highly reduced, and 1–2 mm long), and by the ovary completely covered with trichomes (vs. the ovary covered with trichomes only in its apical portion). Another difference between these two species involves habitat. Pleroma clavatum occurs in restinga (vegetation on coastal sandy soils) and Submontane Atlantic Forest along the coast in the states of Santa Catarina, Paraná, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro (Guimarães 2022). There is a specimen of P. piranii incorrectly identified as Tibouchina holosericea (Linnaeus 1753: 390) Baillon (1880: 34) (= P. clavatum) at K (see Glaziou 19294, on the list of the paratypes). On this collection the branch on the left (K000329046) is mixed with a specimen of P. clavatum (branch on the right, K000329047). Finally, Pleroma piranii shares some morphological features with Pleroma nodosum (Wurdack 1959: 9) Guimarães & Michelangeli in Guimarães et al. (2019: 986) - a shrubby habit (moderately branched), older branches with decorticated epidermis, opposite leaves (exclusively), discolorous, short petioles, the thyrsoid inflorescences, flower buds surrounded by two elliptical bracteoles, pentamerous flowers, sericeous hypanthia, isometric stamens, glabrous connectives and appendages, and filaments sparsely glandular pilose along their basal portions. Pleroma piranii differs from P. nodosum by the leaves that are densely sericeous on the adaxial surface (vs. moderately strigose in P. nodosum), purple petals (vs. light magenta petals), purple anthers (vs. white anthers), and by the ovary completely covered with trichomes (vs. the ovary covered with trichomes only in its apical portion). Pleroma nodosum also has a different distribution pattern. It occurs only in Goiás (Guimarães 2022), on the Chapada dos Veadeiros (Cria 2022, Reflora 2022), Serra dos Pireneus (Versiane et al. 2016), and Serra Dourada (Machado & Romero 2020). Chromosome Number:―A chromosome number of n =18 was reported for this species as Pleroma aff. v elutinum by Almeda & Penneys (2022). We provide here a camera lucida drawing of a Telophase I meiotic figure for this species. Meiosis was regular in the several cells examined (Fig. 4). Chromosome numbers are now known for about 18 species of Pleroma, all of which have been reported to have n =18 (Gadella et al. 1969, Solt & Wurdack 1980, Zhang et al. 2010, Almeda & Penneys 2022). Two species, Pleroma cryptadenum (Gleason 1952: 426) Guimarães & Michelangeli in Guimarães et al. (2019: 976) and Pleroma urvilleanum (Candolle 1828: 130) Guimarães & Michelangeli in Guimarães et al. (2019: 991) have n =27 (hexaploid) in addition to n =18 (Solt & Wurdack 1980, Zhang et al. 2010) so tetraploid and hexaploid races occur in some species of the genus. Most of the species counted to date, however, are tetraploids (n =18) based on x= 9, a common base number in the greater Tibouchina alliance that includes Chaetogastra De Candolle (1828: 131) and Tibouchina (Almeda & Penneys 2022). The two latter genera have both diploid and tetraploid species based on x =9 (Solt & Wurdack 1980, Almeda 2013, Meyer et al. 2018, Almeda & Penneys 2022). Of the five broad patterns of chromosomal evolution now evident across the Melastomataceae (Almeda & Penneys 2022) Pleroma appears to fit the “interspecific constancy of paleopolyploid origin pattern” with x² =18 and to a lesser extent the “interspecific polyploidy” pattern with consistently euploid number increases based on tetraploidy. Polyploidy is common in the tribe Melastomateae but an overwhelming trend in the family is the prevalence of tetraploidy which appears to have conferred some advantage in the chromosomal evolution of Melastomataceae (Almeda & Penneys 2022).Published as part of Meyer, Fabrício Schmitz, Pacifico, Ricardo & Almeda, Frank, 2022, A new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae: Melastomateae) endemic to Southern Cadeia do Espinhaço, Minas Gerais, Brazil, pp. 30-42 in Phytotaxa 560 (1) on pages 32-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/703117
Miconia reitziana Gamba & Almeda 2014, comb. nov.
No full text27. Miconia reitziana (Cogn. & Gleason ex Gleason 1939a: 115–116) Gamba & Almeda, comb. nov. Basionym: Clidemia reitziana Cogn. & Gleason ex Gleason. Type: COSTA RICA. Puerto Viejo, 1893, Biolley 7452 (holotype: US-internet image!; isotypes: BR-3 sheets-internet images!, CAS!). Suffrutescent herb or shrub (0.35–)0.5–4(–6) m tall with open and lax branching, bark green-brown. Upper internodes (3.1–4.5 cm long) and cauline nodes terete, nodal line absent. Indumentum on branchlets, petioles, primary and secondary leaf veins abaxially, inflorescence axes, bracts, bracteoles, pedicels, and hypanthia densely to moderately composed of brownish sessile to thin-stipitate dendritic trichomes 0.15–0.23 mm long with short axes and few-moderate number of terete arms, copiously intermixed with red or pink elongate smooth trichomes mostly 1.5–3(–4) mm long. Leaves of each pair isophyllous in size when young, the older pairs becoming SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 117 somewhat anisophyllous; the petiole (1–) 1.5–6 cm long, canaliculate adaxially, shallowly to moderately grooved abaxially, green-brownish; larger leaves 10–22 × 7.8–11 cm, smaller leaves (4.5–)6.5–9 × (2.5–) 4–6.6 cm, ovate to ovate-elliptic, the base broadly rounded to obtuse or slightly cordate, somewhat oblique, the margin vaguely undulate, ciliate-crenulate or ciliate-entire, the apex short-acuminate, chartaceous; mature leaves adaxially moderately to sparsely strigose with pink-red elongate smooth trichomes 1.5–2.5 mm long, the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins glabrous; abaxially sparsely and caducously strigillose with pink-red elongate smooth trichomes 0.7–1.5 mm long, the tertiary and higher order veins glabrescent with a sparse mixture of the general vestiture, occasionally obscuring a sparse resinous indumentum of slightly furrowed sessile glands ca. 0.05 mm long; 5- or 7-plinerved to 5- or 7-nerved, including the tenuous marginals, when plinerved the innermost pair of secondary veins diverging asymmetrically from the primary vein 0.5–0.7 cm above the base, areolae 0.5–1 mm, adaxially the primary, secondary, tertiary and higher order veins flat, abaxially the primary and secondary veins elevated and terete, the tertiary and higher order veins slightly elevated and terete. Inflorescences a pseudolateral group of multiflorous to few-flowered modified dichasia (1.5–) 2–3 cm long, sessile or with a short peduncle to 0.5 cm long, with two or three paracladia from a somewhat elongate axis, moderately to little branched, borne on the upper leafy axils, the rachis light pink to red; bracts and bracteoles 1 × 0.5 mm, subulate to oblong-apiculate, somewhat thick, pink-red, the smooth trichomes absent, spreading, persistent in fruit. Flowers 5-merous sessile or on pedicels to 0.5 mm long. Hypanthia at anthesis 2.5–2.8 × 1–1.2 mm, free portion of hypanthium 1.2–1.5 mm long, subcylindric to campanulate, bluntly 10-ribbed, white to pink or red, the brownish dendritic trichomes sparse and caducous, the red or pink elongate smooth trichomes 0.9–1.2 mm long persistent and spreading, copiously intermixed with resinous slightly furrowed more or less stalked glands ca. 0.05 mm long, ridged on the inner surface, glabrous, the torus adaxially densely to moderately ciliate, the cilia 0.25–0.3 mm long. Calyx open in bud and persistent in fruit, red to pink; tube 0.1–0.2 mm long, adaxially sparsely ciliate to glabrous, abaxially with the same vestiture as the hypanthium; lobes 0.2–0.4(–0.5) × 1 mm, depressed-triangular, the margin entire to vaguely sinuate, the apex bluntly acute to rounded; exterior calyx teeth ca. 1 mm long including the apical trichome, bluntly conic and 1–3–aristate, the aristae pink or red, glabrescent with a few resinous glands and dendritic trichomes, inserted at the base of the calyx lobes and projecting beyond them. Petals 1.2–1.5 × 0.8–1.2(–1.5) mm, oblong, the margin entire, the apex rounded-obtuse, white, densely papillose on both surfaces, reflexed at anthesis. Stamens 10; filaments 1.2–1.5 × 0.22–0.25 mm, white to yellowish, glabrous; anther thecae 1.8–2.5 × 0.25–0.28 mm, linearoblong and subulate, truncate-acuminate at the apex, opening by one dorsally inclined pore 0.1 mm in diameter, light yellow at anthesis; connective yellow, its prolongation and appendage 0.3–0.4(–0.45) mm long, the appendage oblong-spatulate, obtuse at the apex, moderately gland-edged, the glands sessile, minute and rounded. Ovary 5-locular, completely inferior, ca. 1.3 mm long at anthesis, the apical collar absent, the apex 0.3 mm in diameter, somewhat depressed, sparsely ciliate and inconspicuously glandular-puberulent; style 3.8–4.7 mm long, parallel sided (i.e. terete) to tapered distally, white, glabrous; stigma truncate to expanded truncate. Berries 5–6 × 5–6 mm when dry, globose, bright pink turning purple-black when ripe, the hypanthial indumentum persistent in fruit. Seeds 0.29–0.36(–0.6) × 0.12–0.2 mm, ovoid, angled, light-brown; lateral and antiraphal symmetrical planes ovate, the highest point toward the chalazal side; raphal zone suboblong, ca. 60% larger than the corpus of the seed, extending along its entire length, ventrally and longitudinally expanded; individual cells elongate, anticlinal boundaries moderately channeled, undulate, with Ω- and U-type patterns; periclinal walls convex, low-domed to nearly flat, microrelief punctate. Additional specimens studied:— COLOMBIA. Boyacá: (Puerto Boyacá), Puerto Pinzón, R.N de Aves El Paujíl, Cordillera Oriental, vertiente occidental, Serranía de Las Quinchas, Sendero El Pescadero, 6°2.98’N, 74°15.685’W, 206 m, 26 February 2011, Alvear et al. 1440 (CAS). Chocó: Carretera San José del Palmar-Nóvita, Cerca del campamento de Orundó, Quebrada Guayacana, Río Ingará, 450 m, 31 August 1976, Forero et al. 2395 (COL, MO, US); (San José del Palmar), Hoya del Río Torito (afluente del Río Hábita), declive occidental, Finca "Los Guaduales", 630–730 m, 7 March 1980, Forero et al. 6855 (COL, MO); Carretera Panamericana (en construcción), Río Pató, 5°35’N, 76°56’W, 21 April 1979, Forero et al. 5452 (COL, MO). Risaralda: (Pueblo Rico), corregimiento Santa Cecilia, Quebrada Amurrapa, 540–740 m, 23 October 1991, Lozano et al. 6188 (COL). COSTA RICA. Hacienda de Tent, Tonduz 314 (US); Remontando de la cuenca del Río Uren, saliendo de la casa de Calixto Kiamble, hasta la finca de Valerio Morales, 1030 m, 25 October 1985, Gómez et al. 23827 (CAS, CR, MO). Alajuela: On the Caribbean slope between San Lorenzo and Los Angeles de San Ramón, above the Río San Lorenzo, 10°14’N, 84°32’W, 620 m, 20 September 1978, Burger & Antonio 11202 (F, MO, NY); (Guatuso), San 118 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Rafael, Grecia, Bosque frente a cueva de Venado y Quebrada del Tunel, al Ndel Volcán Arenal, 280 m, 20 August 1963, Jiménez 1083 (CR, F, NY); Near La Laguna, 6 to 8 km Sof Villa Quesada, 1200 m, 19 February 1966, Molina et al. 17521 (F, NY); (San Carlos), Buena Vista, 850 m, 14 August 1964, Jiménez 2290 (CR, F, NY); Near La Laguna, 6 to 8 km Sof Villa Quesada, 1200 m, 19 February 1966, Molina et al. 17540 (F, NY, US); 3.5 km W of fortuna, 2.5 km NW of New Volcán Arenal along sloping base, 10°28’N, 84°41’W, 1500 m, 5 August 1972, Taylor & Taylor 11555 (NY); (San Carlos), San Isidro, San Miguel, 600 m, 29 June 1985, Haber & Bello 1705 (MO); R. Monteverde, Poco Sol 13 km S Fortuna, 10°21’N, 84°41’W, 700–900 m, 20 August 1989, Haber & Zuchowski 9370 (MO); (San Carlos), Villa Quesada, 530–550 m, 15 March 1939, Smith 1791 (F, NY); Vicinity of Guatuso de San Rafael (on Río Frío), 10°43’N, 84°48’W, 80–100 m, 4 August 1949, Holm & Iltis 847 (NY); (San Ramón), R.B. Dendrobates, No protegida, Cuenca del San Carlos, Fortuna, El Bosque (San Martín, El Burrito), Alrededores de Quebrada Piedrita, 10°26’30"N, - 84°37’10"W, 150–1500 m, 26 May 2007, Rodríguez 11128 (NY); About 5 km Sof El Canalete near the Río Zapate and along the new road to Upala, 10°48’N, 85°2’W, 100–200 m, 12 November 1975, Burger & Baker 9981 (CAS, F); (Sarapiquí), Laguna de Río Cuarto, 400 m, 27 August 1984, Gómez-Laurito 10109 (F); 8 km Sof Canalete on road to Upala, 300 m, 2 February 1976, Utley & Utley 3974 (CAS, F); About 8 to 10 km NNW of Bijagua along the road to Canalete and Upala, 10°48’N, 85°2’W, 250 m, 13 February 1982, Burger et al. 11740 (F); About 3 km NNE of Bijagua along the new road to Upala, 10°45’N, 85°3’W, 450 m, 7 November 1975, Burger & Baker 9830 (CAS, F); (San Carlos), La Tigra, Concepción, R.B. Bosque Eterno de los Niños, 10°19’0"N, 84°36’50"W, 700 m, 7 August 2000, Estrada 2381 (F); Monteverde R., Peñas Blancas river valley, Atlantic slope rain forest, 10°20’N, 84°43’W, 800–900 m, 17 September 1986, Haber & Cruz 5652 (CAS, MO); About 9 km Nof Río Naranjo along road to Upala, 400–500 m, 8 July 1976, Utley & Utley 5348 (CAS, MO); Along road between Canas and Upala 4 km NNE of Bijagua on slopes leading into Río Zapote, 400 m, 24 June 1976, Croat 36250 (MO); Along road between Cañas and Upala, 10km Nof Bijagua, 200 m, 26 June 1976, Croat 36468 (MO); Finca Los Ensayos ca. 11 miles NW of Zarcero, 850 m, 15 August 1977, Croat 43576 (MO); (Alajuela), Virgen del Socorro, No protegida, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, 10°15’25"N, - 84°10’20.0001"W, 800 m, 21 July 2002, Kriebel 547 (INB, MO); R.B. Monteverde, Río Peñas Blancas, Parcela de Manuel Rojas, 850 m, 8 August 1988, Bello 279 (CAS, CR, MO); (Grecia), R.V.S. Bosque Alegre, Cuenca del Sarapiquí, Laguna Hule, 10°17’55.456"N, - 84°12’54.057"W, 700–800 m, 28 July 2002, Kriebel & Larraguivel 651 (INB, MO); (San Ramón), Río Balsa, 7 km antes de Bajo Rodríguez, 10°15’N, 84°31’W, 500 m, 12 July 1991, Jiménez & Soto 979 (CAS, INB, MO); 4 km SE of Fortuna, then 2.5 km SW on jeep road, 10°29’"N, 84°43’"W, 400–500 m, 29 April 1983, Liesner et al. 15207 (CAS); Río Chiquito, apx, 40 km Road to Upala, 800 m, 1 October 1982, Gómez 18632 (CAS, CR); (Upala), Cordillera de Guanacaste, 4 km Wof Bijagua, Canyon of Río Bijagua, 10°43’0"N, 85°6’0"W, 600–700 m, 21 August 1995, Penneys et al. 695 (CAS, INB). Cartago: Valle Escondido, 730 m, 30 March 1966, Schnell 627 (F); (Turrialba), P.N. Barbilla, Cuenca del Matina, Entrada principal, Sendero El Felino, 9°58’20"N, - 83°27’10"W, 300–400 m, 16 August 2000, Mora & Rojas 1362 (INB, MO); Guanacaste: Rincón de la Vieja, Cordillera de Guanacaste, near refugee camp, along road NW of Quebrada Grande, 85–27 N, 500 m, 25 July 1983, Barringer et al. 4073 (CAS, F, MO); Río Chiquito, 6 km NE, next to lake Arenal, On Atlantic side, 10°27’N, 84°48’W, 600 m, 8 May 1986, Haber et al. 4787 (MO); El Arenal, 485–600 m, 18 January 1926, Standley & Valerio 45185 (US); Los Ayotes, Near Tilarán, 600–700 m, 21 January 1926, Standley & Valerio 45376 (US); A 2 km al NE de Tilarán, 850 m, 4 December 1963, Jiménez 1338 (F); (Tilarán), Quebrada Grande, Río Chiquito, 10°25’N, 84°51’W, 750 m, 10 June 1989, Bello 935 (CR, MO); (Bagaces), Z.P. Miravalles, Cuenca del Tempisque, Sector Caralampio, 10°42’33.062"N, - 85°7’3.614"W, 1250 m, 8 March 2000, Chaves 242 (INB, MO); (Tilarán), P.N. Volcán Tenorio, Cuenca del San Carlos, Sector Rancho Capú, 10°34’48"N, - 84°59’1"W, 700 m, 9 April 2000, Chaves et al. 386 (INB, MO). Heredia: Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, West River Road, 0–200 m line, in a light gap, 100 m, 17 March 1981, Folsom 9373 (CAS, F); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, W River Road, 400 m line, 100 m, 30 May 1980, Hammel 8880 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, trail opposite Plot I trail, 100 m, 29 May 1980, Hammel 8841 (CAS); (La Virgendel Socorro), Ca, 5 km Eof Cariblanco, 850 m, 13 August 1974, Maas 1286 (F, US); La Selva, Near Puerto Viejo, River Road, 90 m, 21 May 1972, Opler 825 (F, MO, US); La Selva de la Sarapiquí, 500 m, 31 October 1965, Schnell 308 (F); (Colonia Virgen del Socorro), Barranca del Río Sarapiquí, 3 February 1984, Gómez-Laurito 9866 (F); (Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí), Finca La Selva, Along W River Road, 12 July 1979, Grayum 1787 (F, MO); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just E SYSTEMATICS OF THE OCTOPLEURA CLADE OF MICONIA Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press 119 of its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Sendero Tres Ríos, 100–400 m, 25 June 1995, Whitson 266 (MO); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, On steep slope along Río Sarapiquí on Ebank of River at the crossing of new property, 100 m, 20 April 1982, Hammel 11767 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, Sendero Wnear Quebrada Leonel about 0200 m line, 100 m, 24 May 1985, Wilbur 37347 (CAS); Finca La Selva, The OTS Field Station on the Río Puerto Viejo just Eof its junction with the Río Sarapiquí, W River Road to the point, 31 July 1980, Wilbur 30134 (CAS); Near confluences of Ríos Sarapiquí and Puerto Viejo, 100 m, 1 August 1968, Schnell 1016 (US). Limón: (Limón), Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa near Limón, 20 m, 17 September 1968, Davidse & Pohl 1244 (US); (Matina), Cordillara de Talamanca, 200 m abajo de la confluencia de Quebrada Cañabral con Río Barbilla, margen derecha, siguiendo el curso de la Quebrada Camagre, 10°0’10"N, 83°25’30"W, 100 m, 5 November 1988, Herrera 2288 (CAS, CR, F, MO, US); (Talamanca), Sixaola, Gandoca, 1.5 km al NW de la Escuela de Mata de Limón, 9°33’30"N, 82°37’25"W, 10 m, 5 April 1995, Herrera 7716 (CR, F, MO); (Talamanca), Bribri, 7 km NW del pueblo, en dirección hacia la Fila Carbón, Bosques aledaños a la nueva toma de agua, 9°39’0"N, 82°53’0"W, 100–200 m, 18 July 1995, Cascante et al. 542 (CR, F); Rainforest slopes of Cerro Skopte Wof Río Coén about 7 km beyond Coroma, 450–700 m, 19 February 1992, Almeda & Daniel 7035 (CAS, MO); (Talamanca), Sur les rives de l'Amoura à Shirores, 100 m, 1 February 1895, Tonduz 9349 (F, US); (Talamanca), Sur les rives de l'Amoura à Shirores, 100 m, 1 February 1895, Tonduz 7266 (F, US); (Talamanca), Tsaki, Forêts de Tsâki, 200 m, 1 April 1895, Tonduz 9603 (F, US); Hacienda Tapezco-Had La Suerte, 29 air km W of Tortuguero, 10°30’N, 83°47’W, 40 m, 14 August 1979, Davidson & Donahue 8267 (US); (Matina), P.N. Barbilla, Cuenca del Matina, Sendero Las Pitas, Quebrada El Dulce, 9°59’5"N, 83°23’50"W, 600–700 m, 10 April 2000, Mora 1024 (INB, MO, NY); Less than 1 mile SW of Bribri near Paramanian frontier, <50 m, 12 August 1977, Croat 43232 (CAS, MO); 5 miles up from mouth of the Estrella River, 18 April 1952, Stork 4600 (NY); (Tortuguero), Suretka, 200 m from RECOPE oil drilling platform, 9°34’N, 82°56’W, 27 June 1984, Barringer et al. 3589 (CAS, F); Nend of Tortugureo N.P, and near the Boca de las Lagunas de Tortuguero, 10°34’N, 83°32’W, 0–30 m, 23 September 1978, Burger & Antonio 11239 (CAS, F); Hitoy Cerere R., Vicinity in Valle La Estrella Sof Finca Concepción, in woods on slope along Río Cerere, 9°42’N, 83°2’W, 100–200 m, 31 July 1985, Hammel & Grayum 14303 (CAS, MO); R.B. Hitoy Cerere, Subiendo las filas entre el margen izquierdo del Río Cerere y las cabeceras del Río Moín, 9°39’50"N, 83°1’50"W, 400 m, 2 June 1990, Herrera 3945 (MO); (Guápiles), Los Angeles, San Miguel, Bosque aledaño a la catarata, Río Blanco, 10°7’30"N, 83°50’45"W, 700 m, 24 February 1990, Herrera & Schik 3794 (CAS, MO); (Limón), R.B. Hitoy Cerere, Cuenca del Estrella, Sendero Bobocara, 9°40’25"N, - 83°1’35.0001"W, 100–200 m, 5 November 1999, Rodríguez et al. 4886 (INB, MO); (Matina), P.N. Barbilla, Cuenca del Matina, Entrada principal, 9°59’30"N, - 83°22’40"W, 300–400 m, 21 August 2000, Mora 1418 (INB, MO); Hacienda Tapezco-Hda, La Suerte, 29 air km Wof Tortuguero, 10°30’N, 83°47’W, 40 m, 18 August 1979, Davidson & Donahue 8495 (MO); (Bajo Telire), Río Telire, 400–600 m, 1 July 1984, Gómez 24130 (CAS, CR, MO); (Talamanca), San Miguel, Cuenca del Sixaola, Bosques sometidos a explotación de madera entre San Miguel y Gandoca. siguiendo el curso de Quebrada innominada (aparentemente Mile Creek), 9°34’30"N, 82°40’0"W, 30–100 m, 21 January 1997, González et al. 1692 (INB, MO); (Limón), R.B. Hitoy Cerere, Cuenca del Estrella, margenes de la Quebrada Barrera, en cercanías de la Estación, 9°40’15"N, 83°1’34"W, 160 m, 24 June 1998, Rodríguez & González 3528 (INB, MO); R.B. Hitoy Cerere, Rainforest along the sloping banks of Río Cerere from the R, Station to the big waterfall, 100 m, 27 February 1991, Almeda et al. 6830 (CAS, CR); (Limón), Faja costeña de Limón, San Rafael de Pandora, 9°48’10"N, 82°59’50"W, 220 m, 10 September 1995, Rodríguez 854 (CAS, INB); (Talamanca), Amubri, Camino entre Amubri y Soki, Siguiendo el Río Ñabri hacia Alto Soki, 9°29’50"N, 82°59’10"W, 150 m, 1 July 1989, Herrera 3122 (CAS, CR); (Pococí), La Bomba, Asunción, Llanura de Santa Clara, Fila de Matama, 9°53’30"N, 83°11’30"W, 400 m, 5 September 1995, Rodríguez & Abarca 902 (CAS, INB); Hacienda Tapezco-Hda, La Suerte, 29 air km Wof Tortuguero, 10°30’N, 83°47’W, 40 m, 28 August 1979, Davidson & Donahue 8893B (CAS). Puntarenas: Osa Península, Near the airfield about 4 miles Wof Rincón de Osa, 8°42’N, 83°31’W, 30 m, 4 June 1968, Burger & Stolze 5526 (F, MO, NY); Osa Peninsula, Corcovado N.P., near Los Chiles, 8°31’N, 83°31’W, 300–400 m, 10 July 1977, Liesner 3158 (MO); (Ricon de Osa), Ridge trail above field station, Rincon de Osa, 50–200 m, 17 May 1971, Burch 4469 (MO); P.N. Corcovado, Sirena, Ollas Trail, 8°28’N, 83°35’W, 1–20 m, 12 September 1989, Kernan 1273 (CR, MO). San José: (Pérez de Zeledón), Along road between San Isidro General and Dominical, Fila Tinamastes, 9°18’24"N, 83°46’11"W, 990–1100 m, 9 September 1996, Croat & Hannon 79128 (CAS). NICARAGUA. Jinotega: (Bocaycito), 120 Phytotaxa 179 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press GAMBA & ALMEDA Cordillera Isabelia, 117 km from Matagalpa, Near Río Bote, 6 May 1976, Neill 298 (7173) (CAS, MO); (Santa Cruz), El Calvario, Al SW del Cerro Kilambé, 13°34’N, 85°40’W, 900–1000 m, 27 March 1981, Moreno 7712 (MO); Cara Edel Macizo Kilambé, 13°35’36"N, 85°39’40"W, 1200–1300 m, 26 July 1980, Sandino 241 (CAS, MO); (Cua Bocay), Comunidad de San Andrés, R. de Bosawas, Caño Susumwas, transecto 4 en zona de Conservación, Mari Ilkara, 14°22’21"N, 85°3’50"W, 185 m, 27 June 2005, Coronado et al. 1822 (MO); (Wiwili), Zona de amortiguamiento Bosawas, Comunidad Aniwas, Transecto 10 en zona agrícola (was Ulwa Sirpi tingni), 14°28’15"N, 85°2’48"W, 170 m, 22 November 2005, Coronado et al. 2854 (CAS); (Wiwili), R. de Bosawas, Comunidad de Inipuwas, Caño Wayawas, 14°24’16"N, 85°9’46"W, 135 m, 13 November 2005, Coronado et al. 2656 (CAS). Matagalpa: Macizos de Peñas Blancas, SE side, drainage of Quebrada El Qubradón, slopes Nof Hda, San Martín, 13°14–15’N, 85°39’W, 950–1000 m, 24 November 1981, Stevens & Riviere 20883 (CAS, MO); Falda NW del Cerro Musún, trocha de Palán, 300–600 m, 14 May 1980, Araquistain & Moreno 2424 (MO); Macizos de Peñas Blancas, SE side, drainage of Quebrada El Qubradon, slopes Nand Wof Had, San Martín, 13°14–15’N, 85°38–39’W, 1000–1400 m, 18 January 1982, Stevens et al. 20992 (MO). Río San Juan: Near Caño Chontale, 20 km NE of El Castillo, 200 m, 18 April 1978, Neill & Vincelli 3500 (MO); (El Tambor), Alo largo de 15 km al Ndel Puesto MARENA, 10°44’0"N, 83°26’0"W, 50–200 m, 9 July 1994, Rueda et al. 1891 (MO); Near Caño Chontaleño, 20 km NE of El Castillo, 200 m, 18 April 1978, Neill & Vincelli 3523 (MO). Rivas: (Isla Omepete), localidad de "Las Cuchillas", Volcán Maderas, 11°27’N, 85°28’W, 400–800 m, 2 June 1985, Robleto 1984 (MO). Zelaya: ca. 6.3 km Sof bridge at Colonia Yolania and ca. 0.8 km Sof ridge of Serranías de Yolania on road to Colonia Manantiales (Colonia Somoza), 11°36–37’N, 84°22’W, 200–300 m, 29 October 1977, Stevens 4801 (CAS, MO); Bosque lluvioso de montañas de Esquipulas y Alemán, drenaje de Río Alemán, 150 m, 27 November 1951, Shank & Molina 4767 (F, US); Cuesta El Bálsamo, 13°39’N, 84°58’W, 200 m, 24 February 1983, Moreno & Robleto 20671 (MO); 6.3 km Sof bridge at Colonia Manantiales of Nueva Guinea, 200–300 m, 13 February 1978, Vincelli 215 (CAS, MO); Along trail from Cerro Saslaya to San Jose del Hormiguero, between Caño Majagua and Caño Sucio, 13°45’N, 84–85°59–0’W, 600–800 m, 10 March 1978, Stevens 6865 (CAS, MO); ca. 6.3 km Sof bridge at Colonia Yolaina on road to Colonia Manantiales (Colonia Somoza), 11°36–37’N, 84°22’W, 200–300 m, 13 February 1978, Stevens 6425 (CAS, MO); Bosque lluvioso de montañas de Esquipulas y Alemán, drenaje de Río Alemán, 150 m, 27 November 1951, Shank & Molina 4865 (F); Montañas y bosques lluviosos entre Toro Bayo y Esquipulas, Drenajes de los Ríos Jícaro y Esquipulas, 130 m, 20 November 1951, Shank & Molina 4094 (F); 6.3 km Sof bridge at Colonia Yolaina on road to Colonia Manatiales of Nueva Guinea, 200–300 m, 13 February 1978, Vincelli 244-A (CAS, MO); Along new road from Río Blanco to Río Copalar, ca 26 km Eof Río Blanco, 12°50–55’N, 85°00–05’W, 200–400 m, 14 February 1979, Stevens 12219 (MO); Cerro Saslaya, 20 km Wof Siuna, along Eridge of mountain, 1100–1400 m, 5 May 1977, Neill 1873 (MO); 5 km Nde Colonia Jacinto Baca Jerez, 11°54’N, 84°24’W, 160 m, 20 October 1984, Sandino 4664 (CAS, MO); 2 km de Colonia Serrano, Comarca El Escobillo, 11°34–35’N, 84°21’W, 80–100 m, 28 July 1982, Sandino 3314 (CAS, MO); Sector de Negro Wás, entre El Empalme y Rosita, 13°45’"N, 84°25’"W, 200 m, 30 September 1984, Ortiz 2190 (MO); Vecindades de Waní, 1 March 1983, Ortiz 890 (MO); Cerro El Escobín, 4 km de Colonia Serrano, 11°33–34’N, 84°21–22’W, 120–130 m, 30 July 1982, Sandino 3
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