1,721,051 research outputs found
La collezione “Xylothomoteca Italica di Adriano Fiori nel Herbarium Porticensis (PORUN)
No full textGli autori descrivono l'entità della Xilotomoteca Fiori conservata presso il Museo delle Scienze Agrarie della Università Federico II
Archaeobotanical data from Vesuvius region at Roman time: state of the art and perspective.
No full textAnalysis of the waterlogged woods and of charred bota- nical matter — charcoal and seeds— from the archaeological site of Somma Vesuviana provides information about feeding resources and natural vegetation on the Vesuvius’ north slope in 472 AD. The authors conclude that the area was strongly anthropized but not degraded, with wild woodlands and cultivated stands; furthermore they found relevant data about Castanea sativa local cultivation on Somma Mountain
The Roman shipwrecks of Neapolis : timber-woodland relationship.
No full textIn 2004 three shipwrecks were found in the Roman harbour of Neapolis due to excavation for the Piazza Municipio station of the new subway line (Giampaola et al., 2005). A sediment succession of about six metres, representing the filling of the ancient harbour, was brought to light and sampled for sedimentological, paleontological and palynological studies. Sediment nature allowed preservation of organic content giving the opportunity to identify both the wood taxa used as timber and the ancient vegetation landscape through pollen analysis. The sedimentary succession is well constrained by archeological findings between the III century B.C. and VI century A.D.. The shipwrecks were dated at the boundary between I and II century A.D. (ships A and C) and at the end of the II century A.D. (ship B). Pollen analysis was realised on 22 samples covering the entire sedimentary succession. Almost all samples resulted rich and pollen grains in a good preservation state. A detailed pollen diagram was realised with the aim of showing the recognised taxa variation through time. A deciduous forest, dominated by Quercus, occupied the slopes surrounding Neapolis while a high altitude forest, with fir, was probably present on Mt Somma and/or Mt Faito. Pollen spectra are considerably influenced by human action especially concerning the use of certain herb taxa for food supply. In particular, it is interesting noting the abudance of Brassicaceae all along the diagram, probably representing the cabbage cultivation, well-known during the Roman age, especially in Campania, as stated by Columella and Plinio. A sharp decline in this cultivation is well evidenced during the III century A.D., corresponding to a general crisis of the Roman Empire. At the same time, the temporary field abandon was accompanied by a natural development of tree and shrub vegetation such as the mediterranean maquis. Other tree taxa seem to increase in the same time interval suggesting the decreasing human stress on vegetation. 500 wood samples were analysed from structural units of the ships. 20-25 μ thin sections were obtained with a frozen microtome and were identified to the genus or species level with the help of transmitted light microscope (magnification 40X-1000X) by using wood anatomy atlases and our reference collection. In this study a correlation is attempted between the availability of local wood resources, depicted through pollen analysis, and the timber used in the ship building. For this aim, only wood taxa were selected from the pollen diagram and their percentages recalculated to 100. Ships A and C were correlated with avaraged pollen percent values of I – beginning II cent. A.D., while ship B was correlated with avaraged pollen percent values of end II-III cent. A.D.. All timber used in the ship building were available in the landscape around Neapolis a part from Picea/Larix which was present only in ship A with 16%. The use of deciduous Quercus in all wrecks was widely expected being this taxon the most common feature of the surrounding landscape. On the contrary, the common use of Juglans as a timber, which reachs 56% in ship A, was not expected due to its main feeding usage. Pollen indicate its moderate presence thus, its use in ship building, as also reported in bibliography (i.e. Guibal and Pomey, 2003; Giachi, et al 2003), is probably linked to its excellent technological properties.Abies pollen are scarse in the sediments of Neapolis harbour but this could be the effect of the far distance from source areas. In fact, fir forests were probably located on Mt Somma and/or Mt Faito. Abies wood is elastic and easily carving even if rather perishable. Its common use in manufacturing during the Roman age testifies for its local availability and/or wide trading. The presence of fir forests in southern Apennines was well testified and their decline seems to date back to the end of Middle Ages (Russo Ermolli and Di Pasquale, 2002). Cupressaceae pollen (including Cupressus and Juniperus) are very scarse or absent in pollen spectra. On the contrary, Cupressus is present in all ships, reaching 16% in ship B. This discrepancy could be explained with an alloctonous origin of this timber. Anyway, Cupressus is commonly used in Roman ships from the Tyrrhenian Sea and the eastern Mediterranean (Boetto 2007, Giachi et al., 2003)
first evidences of chestnut (Castanea sativa mill.) cultivation for timber production in Campania: a high spatio-temporal definition though pollen and charcoal data
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Research Trend of Aging Biochar for Agro-environmental Applications: a Bibliometric Data Analysis and Visualization of the Last Decade (2011-2023)
No full textThe copious amounts of data generated through publications play a pivotal role in advancing Science, Technology, and Policy. Additionally, they provide valuable and detailed information on research topics, emerging thematic trends, and critical issues that demand increased focus and attention. Over the last few decades, biochar has produced an extensive body of high-quality papers and played a crucial part in achieving the long-term Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 agenda of the United Nations about "Climate Change," "Sustainable Agriculture," "Environmental Sustainability," "Zero Hunger," "Human Wellbeing," and "Circular Bioeconomy". However, most of the research is on biochar that has been modified or functionalized using various chemical reagents or catalysts and reported widely in peer-reviewed, high-quality journals. No prior work analyzed the bibliometric data on aging biochar with (a)biotic processes. This study presents an innovative data-driven bibliometric analysis technique and paradigm for extracting the essence of the available peer-reviewed literature data to offer new perspectives on the research opportunities and potential of aged biochar for agro-environmental applications. The bibliometric data analysis indicates that aging biochar research for agro-environmental applications received attention, advanced, and resulted in 165 high-quality publications in reputed journals between 2011 and 2023. However, it is evident that there is still a considerable need for further attention in this area. The identification of the research trends/frontiers shows that biochar production effectively employs various biomass resources, aging with different (a)biotic factors, characterization, effects on global climate change, long-term carbon sequestration in soil, soil nutrient dynamics, restoration of multi-polluted soils and sediments, and plant growth all require continuous attention both now and in the future
La sopravvivenza della piantata aversana: un paesaggio straordinario a rischio di estinzione.
No full textCarbon dynamics in the chestnut forests of Lazio (Central Italy): insights from the critical zone
No full textChestnut managed land is an agroforestry’s good that plays an important role in the carbon cycle as well as providing habitats for a wide range of animal species, chestnut crop, timber and soil stabilization andpreventing erosion.
Lazio region (Central Italy) is covered by 600.000 hectares of forests and 6% of those are chestnuts forest with a life cycle of ∼30 years. The volcanic areas of Anticolana Valley and Cimini Hills are a fertile substrate that, developing a symbiosis with chestnut, increase the local carbon sequestration. Also for these reasons the abovementioned areas covered by chestnut forests were listed in the Natura 2000 network for the environmental protection.
In this study, a representative and georeferenced sampling has been carried out in the two areas to provide the evaluation of the physical and chemical characteristics of the soils, with the aim to delineate the soil quality as well as how the carbon sequestration occurs in the two involved domains. In particular, with a coupled elemental and isotopic ratio mass spectrometer analysis (EA-IRMS): total (TC), organic (OC), inorganic carbon (IC) and total nitrogen (N) contents and the relative isotopic signatures (δ13CTC; δ13COC; δ13CIC; δ15N) were measured to quantify in Mg ha–1 the Carbon stock and the Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2 eq.)
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