986 research outputs found
SOURCES OF CHANGE IN STATE-LEVEL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN MEXICO: IMPLICATIONS FROM THE PESO CRISIS OF 1994-1995
No full textProduction Economics,
Stasis Amidst Change: Canadian Pension Reform in an Age of Retrenchment
No full textFaced with aging populations and especially heightened fiscal constraints, large scale pension reforms were implemented in many affluent democracies during the 1990s. Canadian reforms, by contrast, were quite modest and old age security benefits emerged largely unscathed. Drawing on the comparative experience of other OECD nations, we highlight four characteristics of the Canadian pension system and the policy environment to account for this relative stability:(1) the comparatively modest scale of Canadian public sector pension expenditures; (2) relatively greater reliance on general revenue as opposed to payroll taxes to finance these expenditures; (3) the availability of other expenditure targets, notably health care, post-secondary education and social assistance, that could be cut with less political backlash; and (4) a pension design that allocates the public sector share disproportionately to the bottom end of the income distribution, precluding the emergence of the oppositional politics that fueled public debate elsewhere.aging population; pension reform
Susan M. Wilczynski, Brenda Smith Myles, James T. Brett discuss Autism: Looking Beyond Cause and Cure at the Ford Hall Forum, audio recording, 10/29/2009
No full textThe United States has seen a consistent increase in the number of children diagnosed with autism, with one out of every 150 children now affected by the disorder. What does science tell us about effective treatments? What resources are available for children with autism? How can we best support our friends and neighbors who are impacted by this complex and often misunderstood disorder? Susan M. Wilczynski, Ph.D., BCBA, Executive Director of the National Autism Center, and Brenda Smith Myles, Ph.D., author and consultant with the Ziggurat Group, join James T. Brett, President & CEO of the New England Council and current chair of the Governor’s Commission on Developmental Disabilities, to discuss how to address this urgent public health issue.https://dc.suffolk.edu/fhf-av/1081/thumbnail.jp
Income Security and Stability During Retirement in Canada
No full textPost-war policies and subsequent debates had two policy targets: reducing old-age poverty and enhancing income security for the “average worker” after retirement. While we know a lot about the first issue, the second has received less attention as a result of data limitations. We take advantage of unique longitudinal data based on Canadian tax files (the LAD) to examine income replacement rates of older Canadians relative to their economic status when they were in their mid-fifties. In 2005, the replacement income of retired individuals in their mid-seventies who were in the middle of the income distribution at age 55 (in the early 1980s) was between 70 and 80 percent of their previous incomes some 20 years earlier This figure is at the high end of the range (65 to 75 percent) that experts generally consider “adequate” for middle-income retirees to maintain their pre-retirement living standards. However, we also show that there is considerable variation in replacement rates. By age 75, about a quarter of middle-income persons had retirement incomes of less than 60 percent of the income they were receiving in their mid-fifties, a result of differential access to private pension income. We also ask whether income replacement rates have been rising or falling among more recent cohorts of retirees but find little change. Finally, we report results about the stability of incomes in the retirement years. We conclude that year to year instability in family income declines for both high and low income earners as they age, largely because of the stabilizing effect of public pension income sources.retirement, income security
Little and Large Editions:invited by Klosterfelde Edition, Berlin
No full textLittle and Large Editions February 22 to March 23, 2019 Potsdamer Strasse 97, 10785 Berlin „Previously I have made a left ear from bronze. Now I have made a right ear from bronze. I seemed wrong not to make the right ear. So now I have made it. And everything is as it should be.“ - David Shrigley On the occasion of the piece 'Right Ear made from Bronze', 2019 by David Shrigley, Klosterfelde Edition invited Little & Large Editions, founded by Jonathan Monk and Douglas Gordon. The exhibition shows pieces by the artists Jonathan Monk, Douglas Gordon, Ceal Floyer, Rikrit Tiravanija, Katharina Kiebacher, Flokim Lucas, Scott Myles, Martin Boyce, John Baldessari, Christian Burnoski, Dan Rees, Bernhard Schreiner, Liam Gillick, Tobias Kaspar, Ariel Schlesinger, Dave Allen, Piero Golia and the Art Critics Orchestra with Peter Weibel, Tom Wesselman, Lawrence Weiner and Peter Gordon. David Shrigley also has created a handsome poster that can be acquired both signed and unsigned
The Sense of the Past : Essays in the History of Philosophy /
No full textBefore his death in 2003, Bernard Williams planned to publish a collection of historical essays, focusing primarily on the ancient world. This posthumous volume brings together a much wider selection, written over some forty years. His legacy lives on in this masterful work, the first collection ever published of Williams's essays on the history of philosophy. The subjects range from the sixth century B.C. to the twentieth A.D., from Homer to Wittgenstein by way of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Hume, Sidgwick, Collingwood, and Nietzsche. Often one would be hard put to say which part is history, which philosophy. Both are involved throughout, because this is the history of philosophy written philosophically. Historical exposition goes hand in hand with philosophical scrutiny. Insights into the past counteract blind acceptance of present assumptions. In his touching and illuminating introduction, Myles Burnyeat writes of these essays: "They show a depth of commitment to the history of philosophy seldom to be found nowadays in a thinker so prominent on the contemporary philosophical scene." The result celebrates the interest and importance to philosophy today of its near and distant past. The Sense of the Past is one of three collections of essays by Bernard Williams published by Princeton University Press since his death. In the Beginning Was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument, selected, edited, and with an introduction by Geoffrey Hawthorn, and Philosophy as a Humanistic Discipline, selected, edited, and with an introduction by A. W. Moore, make up the trio.Before his death in 2003, Bernard Williams planned to publish a collection of historical essays, focusing primarily on the ancient world. This posthumous volume brings together a much wider selection, written over some forty years. His legacy lives on in this masterful work, the first collection ever published of Williams's essays on the history of philosophy. The subjects range from the sixth century B.C. to the twentieth A.D., from Homer to Wittgenstein by way of Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Hume, Sidgwick, Collingwood, and Nietzsche. Often one would be hard put to say which part is history, which philosophy. Both are involved throughout, because this is the history of philosophy written philosophically. Historical exposition goes hand in hand with philosophical scrutiny. Insights into the past counteract blind acceptance of present assumptions. In his touching and illuminating introduction, Myles Burnyeat writes of these essays: "They show a depth of commitment to the history of philosophy seldom to be found nowadays in a thinker so prominent on the contemporary philosophical scene." The result celebrates the interest and importance to philosophy today of its near and distant past. The Sense of the Past is one of three collections of essays by Bernard Williams published by Princeton University Press since his death. In the Beginning Was the Deed: Realism and Moralism in Political Argument, selected, edited, and with an introduction by Geoffrey Hawthorn, and Philosophy as a Humanistic Discipline, selected, edited, and with an introduction by A. W. Moore, make up the trio.Electronic reproduction.Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web.Bernard Williams was Knightbridge Professor of Philosophy at the University of Cambridge (1967-1979) and Provost of King’s College. He held the Monroe Deutsch Professorship of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley (1998-2000) and was White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Oxford (1990-2003) He was Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford until his death in 2003. Myles Burnyeat is Senior Research Fellow in Philosophy, All Souls College, Oxford. His books include The 'Theaetetus' of Plato (Hackett, 1990) and A Map of Metaphysics Zeta (Mathesis Publications, 2001)Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (publisher’s Web site, viewed October 27 2015
Minor American: New Narrative, the Avant-Garde, Queer Lives, and Necropolitics (Eileen Myles, Magdalena Zurawski, and CA Conrad)
No full textSzkic jest poświęcony amerykańskiemu nurtowi awangardowemu New Narrative, powstałemu w latach siedemdziesiątych XX wieku, oraz strategiom poetyckim towarzyszącym jego społeczno-politycznemu zaangażowaniu w sytuację mniejszości seksualnych. Autorka szkicu przedstawia twórczość trzech postaci z nim związanych: Eileen Myles, Magdaleny Zurawski i CA Conrada, których utwory i działania artystyczne skupiają się na problematyce obywatelstwa i suwerenności osób LGBTQ+ żyjących w USA. Proponuje analizę dorobku tych twórców w kontekście refleksji filozoficznej Achillego Mbembe dotyczącej nekropolityki, która rozwijana jest obecnie na gruncie amerykańskim także w odniesieniu do osób queer i praktyk queerowych. This article discusses the American avant-garde movement called New Narrative, which originated in the 1970s, as well as the poetic strategies that accompanied its socio-political involvement in the cause of emancipation of sexual minority groups. The author discusses the output of three representatives of this movement: Eileen Myles, Magdalena Zurawski, and CA Conrad, whose work and artistic activity have focused on the problems of civil rights and the freedoms, or lack thereof, of LGBTQ+ persons in the United States. The author undertakes an analysis of the three artists’ output within the context of the philosophical reflections of Joseph-Achille Mbembe on the necropolitics, a body of ideas currently investigated in the US in relation to queer identity and queer practices.
Validation of a climate model for extreme event attribution studies
No full textProbabilistic event attribution (PEA) presents a method of quantifying the change in risk of extreme weather events, both in magnitude and probability of occurrence, due to an- thropogenic climate change. Studies have so far covered numerous different extreme events in different regions (Stott et al., 2016). One method of PEA relies on computing large ensembles of climate models for two different climate scenarios, one which represents the observed climate forcings, and another the climate forcings with anthropogenic greenhouse gas contributions removed. Other PEA studies using different methodologies have also been conducted.
Until now there has been no formal validation of the climate models used in PEA studies. This thesis presents two ways of validating the models and applies these methods to a very large ensemble of a climate model simulating the observed climate for the period 1960 to 2010. The premise is, that for an attribution statement to be meaningful, the model should be able to accurately represent relevant weather statistics over a range of climate scenarios. In order to compare to observations, the period 1960â2010 is used as the range of scenarios.
Conceived as an eâScience project, this thesis presents technical development of method- ologies in the detection and attribution of extreme weather events to climate change. The first method identifies and tracks stormâlike features in meteorological data. A novel set of algorithms transforms the meteorological data to a hierarchical equalâarea triangular grid, identifies stormâlike feature points in the data and grows the points into objects. These objects are tracked as they evolve over time by a hybrid predictionâoptimisation routine, which minimises a cost function to find a locally optimal set of feature tracks. Applying the algorithms to the large ensemble of climate models, and also to the ERAâInterim data, shows that the model can successfully capture the track length, persistence and position of lowâpressure systems over Europe. However, the depression depth of the systems is not as well represented.
The second method applies a forecast verification technique to the distributions of climate variables. Comparing the temperature, precipitation, mean sea level pressure (MSLP) and winds between the large ensemble and ERAâ40 and ERAâInterim shows that the model can accurately represent temperature, precipitation and windspeed variables over Europe, after a bias correction has been applied. However, for low MSLP, there are irreparable biases in the low tails of the distribution. Overall, it is shown that using a large ensemble of climate models is a valid method of investigating the change in risk of extreme weather events due to climate change, as long as the variable to be attributed is carefully chosen.</p
Impact of delay in reducing carbon dioxide emissions
No full textRecent downward revisions in the climate response to rising CO2 levels, and opportunities for reducing non-CO2 climate warming, have both been cited as evidence that the case for reducing CO2 emissions is less urgent than previously thought. Evaluating the impact of delay is complicated by the fact that CO2 emissions accumulate over time, so what happens after they peak is as relevant for long-term warming as the size and timing of the peak itself. Previous discussions have focused on how the rate of reduction required to meet any given temperature target rises asymptotically the later the emissions peak. Here we focus on a complementary question: how fast is peak CO2-induced warming increasing while mitigation is delayed, assuming no increase in rates of reduction after the emissions peak? We show that this peak-committed warming is increasing at the same rate as cumulative CO2 emissions, about 2% per year, much faster than observed warming, independent of the climate response
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