334 research outputs found
Author Correction: The fusion–fission optimization (FuFiO) algorithm (Scientific Reports, (2022), 12, 1, (12396), 10.1038/s41598-022-16498-4)
No full textThe original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Nima Darabi which was incorrectly given as Nima Darabai. The Article also contained an error in the Equation in the Analyses based on competitions on evolutionary computation (CEC) section, under the subheading ‘Computational time and complexity analyses’ where “ O(FuFiO) ” was incorrectly given as “ O(FFO)”
Application of dynamic Bayesian network to performance assessment of fire protection systems during domino effects
No full textThe propagation of fire in chemical plants â also known as fire domino effects - largely depends on the performance of add-on passive and active protection systems such as sprinkler systems, water deluge systems, emergency shut down and emergency blow down systems, fireproofing, and emergency response. Although such safety barriers are widely employed to prevent or delay the initiation or escalation of fire domino effects, their inclusion in the modeling and risk assessment of fire domino effects has hardly been taken into account. In the present study, the dynamic evolution of fire protection systems has been investigated qualitatively using event tree analysis. To quantify the temporal changes and their impact on the escalation of fire domino effects, a dynamic Bayesian network methodology has been developed. The application of the methodology has been demonstrated using an illustrative case study, considering a variety of fire scenarios, target installations, and firefighting systems
THE STRUCTURE OF AUTHORING IN NIMA YUSHIJ'S POETRY: A BAKHTINIAN READING
No full textThis thesis employs Mikhail Bakhtin’s notion of architectonics to examine the poetry of Nima Yushij, the father of “New Persian Poetry.” The architectonic structure of Nima’s poems presupposes an authorial position situated outside the whole of the work. Outsideness provides the author with the distance that is necessary for consummating the hero and all other elements inside the work’s environment in determinate spatial and temporal boundaries. As Bakhtin puts it, only in this way can the author acquire a surplus of seeing that is required for adopting a valuational stance in relation the hero and the work as a whole. To Bakhtin, the author’s valuational stance toward the hero is the essence of the aesthetic product. This valuational position vis-à-vis the other, which generates what Michael Holquist calls the “structure of authoring,” is enacted on multiple levels in Nima’s poems as the hero, and sometimes the narrator, also perform the authorial function vis-à-vis other characters inside the poem, i.e., fixing them in determinate spatial and temporal boundaries. Of course, from the author’s perspective, the hero and the narrator are also situated inside the poem and occupy specific horizons in its environment. In this sense, their authoring activity is not a precisely aesthetic activity. Nevertheless, Nima utilizes the hero and the narrator’ activity to foreground the structure of authoring inside the poem, to make its dynamics “viewable.” This is a point that I will try to elucidate fully in the course of this study.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD
History of Buddhism in Mongolia in Essay of Kensur Ngawang-Nima “Coverage of Classical Sources on History of Buddhism”
No full textThe article considers a part of the essay “Coverage of classical sources on the history of Buddhism” by the outstanding Buryat scholar Lama Kensura Ngawang-Nima, dedicated to the history of the spread of Buddhist teachings in Mongolia. Some biographical information of the author of the essay is introduced. The materials of the fragment under study are presented, on the basis of which we can say that the author divides the spread of Buddhism in Mongolia, like many researchers, into three stages. Secular and religious figures who played an important role in the spread and formation of Buddhism among the Mongols are noted in the article. It is indicated that when writing his historical treatise, Kensur Ngawang-Nima relied on the works of his famous predecessors, such as the 5th Dalai Lama Ngawang Lobsan Gyatso, Taranatha Gunga Nyingbo, Thukwan Chokyi Nyima, etc., and a part of the essay devoted to the history of Buddhism in Mongolia, based on the work “Golden Book / Altan Debter” by the famous Mongolian scholar Lama Shagdaryn Zava Damdin. The peculiarity of the historical treatise under study is that it is the only known and published work written by a Buryat in the Tibetan language in the genre of Tibetan historical literature — choichzhun
Special issue: Risk-based approaches to design and operation of process systems
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Safety and Security Scienc
Security vulnerability assessment of gas pipelines using discrete-time Bayesian network
No full textSecurity of chemical and oil & gas facilities became a pressing issue after the terrorist attacks of 9/11, due to relevant quantities of hazardous substances that may be present in these sites. Oil & gas pipelines, connecting such facilities, might be potential targets for intentional attacks. The majority of methods addressing pipeline security are mostly qualitative or semi-quantitative, based on expert judgment and thus potentially subjective. In the present study, an innovative security vulnerability assessment methodology is developed, based on Discrete-time Bayesian network (DTBN) technique to investigate the vulnerability of a hazardous facility (pipeline in this study) considering the performance of security countermeasures in place. The methodology is applied to an illustrative gas pipeline in order to rank order the pipeline segments based upon their criticality.Safety and Security Scienc
Cost-effective fire protection of chemical plants against domino effects
No full textThe propagation of fire-induced domino effects in chemical plants largely depends on the primary fire scenario, on separation distances between the units, and on the presence of fire protection barriers. Passive and active safety barriers are widely employed to prevent or delay the initiation or propagation of domino effects. In the present study, a methodology has been developed based on Bayesian network to account for the impact of such safety barriers on the propagation of fire domino scenarios. The Bayesian network has been extended to a limited memory influence diagram in order to identify a cost-effective allocation of additional safety barriers to further mitigate the fire propagation. The application of the methodology has been demonstrated using a chemical tank farm. The results are in good agreement with the results of a graph theoretic approach developed in a previous study, proving the reliability of the developed methodology in cost-effective protection of process plants.Safety and Security Scienc
Security management of process plants by a Bayesian network methodology
No full textBefore the tragedy of 9/11, the perception of risk in process plants was mainly focused on accidental events caused by technical failures, human errors or natural events. However, since then, the risk of deliberate actions against process facilities - also known as security risk - has also become a concern. Security risk assessment of engineering systems and infrastructures constitutes a complex task since a significant multitude of technical and socio-political information is needed to reasonably predict the risk of intentional malevolent acts. In the present study, a methodology based on Bayesian network (BN) has been applied to increase the security of critical infrastructures via cost-effective allocation of security measures. Using the probability updating feature of BN, the proposed methodology can be employed to investigate the effect of vulnerabilities on adversaries' preferences while planning security scenarios. Moreover, the proposed methodology is capable of efficiently identifying an optimal defensive strategy given a security scenario (i.e., an attack) through maximizing defenders' expected utility.Safety and Security Scienc
Application of graph theory to cost-effective fire protection of chemical plants during domino effects
No full textIn the present study, we have introduced a methodology based on graph theory and multicriteria decision analysis for cost-effective fire protection of chemical plants subject to fire-induced domino effects. By modeling domino effects in chemical plants as a directed graph, the graph centrality measures such as out-closeness and betweenness scores can be used to identify the installations playing a key role in initiating and propagating potential domino effects. It is demonstrated that active fire protection of installations with the highest out-closeness score and passive fire protection of installations with the highest betweenness score are the most effective strategies for reducing the vulnerability of chemical plants to fire-induced domino effects. We have employed a dynamic graph analysis to investigate the impact of both the availability and the degradation of fire protection measures over time on the vulnerability of chemical plants. The results obtained from the graph analysis can further be prioritized using multicriteria decision analysis techniques such as the method of reference point to find the most cost-effective fire protection strategy.Safety and Security Scienc
Resilience-based optimal firefighting to prevent domino effects in process plants
No full textDomino effects triggered by fire can cause extremely severe damages to the chemical and process plants. In the need of a more effective prevention of fire domino effects, the present study focuses on firefighting which has received less attention compared to passive and active fire protection systems. Considering both the vulnerability and recoverability phases during fire domino effects, we have introduced a methodology for optimal identification of firefighting strategies so as to increase the resiliency of process plants in dealing with fire escalation scenarios. The area above the resilience curve (AARC), which is equal to the accumulation of loss of resilience over time, was considered as the metric to identify the optimal firefighting strategies. In other words, the strategy leading to the lowest AARC can be selected as the optimal strategy from a resiliency perspectiveSafety and Security Scienc
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