779 research outputs found
Émergence par navigation intertextuelle : une nouvelle approche pour la veille stratégique
No full text@inproceedings{CI-BEUST-07, author = {E. Trupin and M. Holzem and Y. Saidali and J. Labiche and J.-L. Bourdon and P. Beust and S. Ferrari}, title = {{Émergence par navigation intertextuelle : une nouvelle approche pour la veille stratégique}}, booktitle = {{Cinquième colloque international VSST 2007 sur la Veille Stratégique Scientifique \& Technologique}}, year = {2007}, month = {October}, address = {Marrakech, Maroc}, annote = {CI} }International audienc
Health states for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder within the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study
No full textAbstract A comprehensive revision of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is expected to be completed in 2012. This study utilizes a broad range of improved methods for assessing burden, including closer attention to empirically derived estimates of disability. The aim of this paper is to describe how GBD health states were derived for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. These will be used in deriving health state-specific disability estimates. A literature review was first conducted to settle on a parsimonious set of health states for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. A second review was conducted to investigate the proportion of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder cases experiencing these health states. These were pooled using a quality-effects model to estimate the overall proportion of cases in each state. The two schizophrenia health states were acute (predominantly positive symptoms) and residual (predominantly negative symptoms). The three bipolar disorder health states were depressive, manic, and residual. Based on estimates from six studies, 63% (38%-82%) of schizophrenia cases were in an acute state and 37% (18%-62%) were in a residual state. Another six studies were identified from which 23% (10%-39%) of bipolar disorder cases were in a manic state, 27% (11%-47%) were in a depressive state, and 50% (30%-70%) were in a residual state. This literature review revealed salient gaps in the literature that need to be addressed in future research. The pooled estimates are indicative only and more data are required to generate more definitive estimates. That said, rather than deriving burden estimates that fail to capture the changes in disability within schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, the derived proportions and their wide uncertainty intervals will be used in deriving disability estimates.</p
Clavijero y sus estrategias lingüísticas para defender la cultura mexicana
No full textFrancisco Javier Clavijero (1731-1787), a Mexican Jesuit, after the Decree that banished the Society of Jesus from the territories of the Spanish crown, arrives in 1767 in Bologna, Italy, where he engages in a fervent intellectual activity.
The distance from his homeland, his interest in the ancient history of Mexico and especially the need to reply to authors such as Buffon and Pauw, who criticize everything related to America in their works, drive him to write as an answer the Storia antica del Messico, published in Cesena in 1780-1781. It is the translation of the Historia Antigua de México from the same author, which was not published until 1945.
In this study, the two texts are compared highlighting their aims, the strategies used in each text, differences, similarities, enhancements and especially the use of the Mexican language as a catalysing element. Some examples that the author uses to reply to criticisms are presented.Francisco Javier Clavijero (1731-1787), jesuita mexicano, después del Decreto de expulsión de la Compañía de Jesús de los territorios de la Corona española, en 1767, llega a Italia, concretamente a Bolonia, donde tiene una ferviente actividad intelectual.
La lejanía de su tierra, el interés por la historia antigua de México y sobre todo la necesidad de responder a autores como Buffon y Pauw que en sus obras critican todo lo relacionado con América, le llevan a escribir como respuesta la Storia antica del Messico, publicada en Cesena en 1780-1781.
Se trata de la traducción de la Historia antigua de México del mismo autor, que permaneció inédita hasta 1945.
En este estudio se comparan los dos textos poniendo en evidencia la finalidad de los mismos, las estratégias actuadas en cada texto, las semejanzas, las diferencias, las ampliaciones y sobre todo el uso de la lengua mexicana como elemento catalizador. Se presentan ejemplos que le sirven al autor para dar una respuesta a las críticas
Burden of Depressive Disorders by Country, Sex, Age, and Year: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
No full textBackground:Depressive disorders were a leading cause of burden in the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 1990 and 2000 studies. Here, we analyze the burden of depressive disorders in GBD 2010 and present severity proportions, burden by country, region, age, sex, and year, as well as burden of depressive disorders as a risk factor for suicide and ischemic heart disease.Methods and Findings:Burden was calculated for major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymia. A systematic review of epidemiological data was conducted. The data were pooled using a Bayesian meta-regression. Disability weights from population survey data quantified the severity of health loss from depressive disorders. These weights were used to calculate years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Separate DALYs were estimated for suicide and ischemic heart disease attributable to depressive disorders.Depressive disorders were the second leading cause of YLDs in 2010. MDD accounted for 8.2% (5.9%-10.8%) of global YLDs and dysthymia for 1.4% (0.9%-2.0%). Depressive disorders were a leading cause of DALYs even though no mortality was attributed to them as the underlying cause. MDD accounted for 2.5% (1.9%-3.2%) of global DALYs and dysthymia for 0.5% (0.3%-0.6%). There was more regional variation in burden for MDD than for dysthymia; with higher estimates in females, and adults of working age. Whilst burden increased by 37.5% between 1990 and 2010, this was due to population growth and ageing. MDD explained 16 million suicide DALYs and almost 4 million ischemic heart disease DALYs. This attributable burden would increase the overall burden of depressive disorders from 3.0% (2.2%-3.8%) to 3.8% (3.0%-4.7%) of global DALYs.Conclusions:GBD 2010 identified depressive disorders as a leading cause of burden. MDD was also a contributor of burden allocated to suicide and ischemic heart disease. These findings emphasize the importance of including depressive disorders as a public-health priority and implementing cost-effective interventions to reduce its burden.Please see later in the article for the Editors' Summary
One-Dimensional Transient Analysis of Rainfall Infiltration in Unsaturated Volcanic Ash
No full textThe paper presents a one-dimensional hydro-mechanical analysis of rainfall infiltration in a loose volcanic ash and the utilisation
of a factor of safety for the implementation of an early-warning system. Three different rainy seasons with different rainfall patterns were analysed . The analysis aims to understand the influence of the antecedent rainfall on the wetting front, the pore-water pressures and the factor of safety. The analysis was carried out in the context of a Master project of the first author at the Laboratory for Soil Mechanics of EPFL
Author Correction: Hydrogel mechanical properties in altered gravity (npj Microgravity, (2024), 10, 1, (83), 10.1038/s41526-024-00388-2)
No full textIn this article the affiliation, “Department of Aerospace Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi 127788, UAE” for the author “Yarjan Abdul Samad” was inadvertently omitted. The original article has been corrected
Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study Dataset
No full textWe conducted a systematic mapping study to address and survey the issues of using Natural Language Processing (NLP) in the domain of Requirements Engineering (RE), as a new sub-field of RE research known as NLP4RE studies. The attached datasets represent the references and metadata for the 404 selected and included NLP4RE studies, and a separate document to list all of the unique venues for publishing these studies. For citing the full paper, please use the reference below: @article{zhao2020natural, title={Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study}, author={Liping Zhao and Waad Alhoshan and Alessio Ferrari and Keletso J. Letsholo and Muideen A. Ajagbe and Erol-Valeriu Chioasca and Riza T. Batista-Navarro}, year={2020}, journal = {ACM Computing Surveys} } Liping Zhao, Waad Alhoshan, Ferrari Alessio, Keletso Letsholo, Muideen Ajagbe, Erol-Valeriu Chioasca, and Riza Batista-Navarro. Natural Language Processing (NLP) for Requirements Engineering: A Systematic Mapping Study. ACM Computing Surveys, 2020
A set based probabilistic approach to threshold design for optimal fault detection
No full textTraditional deterministic robust fault detection threshold designs, such as the norm-based or limit-checking method, are plagued by high conservativeness, which leads to poor fault detection performance. On one side they are ill-suited at tightly bounding the healthy residuals of uncertain nonlinear systems, as such residuals can take values in arbitrarily shaped, possibly non-convex regions. On the other hand, they must be robust even to worst-case, rare values of the modeling and measurement uncertainties. In order to maximize performance of detection, we propose two innovative ideas. First, we introduce threshold sets, parametrized in a way to bound arbitrarily well the residuals produced in healthy condition by an observer-based residual generator. Secondly, we formulate a chance-constrained cascade optimization problem to determine such a set, leading to optimal detection performance of a given class of faults, while guaranteeing robustness in a probabilistic sense. We then provide a computationally tractable framework by using randomization techniques, and a simulation analysis where a well-known three-tank benchmark system is considered.Accepted Author ManuscriptTeam Tamas KeviczkyTeam Jan-Willem van Wingerde
Challenging the myth of an "epidemic" of common mental disorders: trends in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression between 1990 and 2010
No full textBackground: Anxiety disorders and major depressive disorder (MDD) are common and disabling mental disorders. This paper aims to test the hypothesis that common mental disorders have become more prevalent over the past two decades. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of prevalence, remission, duration, and excess mortality studies for anxiety disorders and MDD and then used a Bayesian meta-regression approach to estimate point prevalence for 1990, 2005, and 2010. We also conducted a post-hoc search for studies that used the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) as a measure of psychological distress and tested for trends to present a qualitative comparison of study findings Results: This study found no evidence for an increased prevalence of anxiety disorders or MDD. While the crude number of cases increased by 36%, this was explained by population growth and changing age structures. Point prevalence of anxiety disorders was estimated at 3.8% (3.6-4.1%) in 1990 and 4.0% (3.7-4.2%) in 2010. The prevalence of MDD was unchanged at 4.4% in 1990 (4.2-4.7%) and 2010 (4.1-4.7%). However, 8 of the 11 GHQ studies found a significant increase in psychological distress over time. Conclusions: The perceived "epidemic" of common mental disorders is most likely explained by the increasing numbers of affected patients driven by increasing population sizes. Additional factors that may explain this perception include the higher rates of psychological distress as measured using symptom checklists, greater public awareness, and the use of terms such as anxiety and depression in a context where they do not represent clinical disorders. Depression and Anxiety 31: 506-516, 2014. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
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