224 research outputs found
A review of anatomical and mechanical factors affecting vertebral body integrity
No full textBackground: The aetiology of osteoporotic vertebral fracture is multifactorial and may be conceptualised using a systems framework. Previous studies have established several correlates of vertebral fracture including reduced vertebral cross-sectional area, weakness in back extensor muscles, reduced bone mineral density, increasing age, worsening kyphosis and recent vertebral fracture. Alterations in these physical characteristics may influence biomechanical loads and neuromuscular control of the trunk and contribute to changes in subregional bone mineral density of the vertebral bodies. Methods: This review discusses factors that have received less attention in the literature, which may contribute to the development of vertebral fracture. A literature review was conducted using electronic databases including Medline, Cinahl and ISI Web of Science to examine the potential contribution of trabecular architecture, subregional bone mineral density, vertebral geometry, muscle force, muscle strength, neuromuscular control and intervertebral disc integrity to the aetiology of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Interpretation: A better understanding of factors such as biomechanical loading and neuromuscular control of the trunk may help to explain the high incidence of subsequent vertebral fracture after sustaining an initial vertebral fracture. Consideration of these issues may be important in the development of prevention and management strategies.Briggs, Andrew M ; Greig, Alison M ; Wark, John D ; Fazzalari, Nicola L ; Bennell, Kim
A treatise on ship-building and navigation : In three parts wherein the theory, practice, and application of the necessary instruments are perspicuously handled. ... /
No full textSold by A. Millar; J. Scott; T. Jeffreys; Mess. Greig and Campbell, and by the authorThe two final leaves comprise 'An explication of the signs and characters' and errata.The elements of naval architecture: or, a practical treatise on ship-building ... / By M. Duhamel du Monceau ... carefully abridged by Mungo Murray. - met apart titelbladLammens, Pierre Philippe ConstantEuropeana-GoogleBook
Evaluation of metadata workflows for the Glasgow ePrints and DSpace services
No full textThe institutional repositories at the University of Glasgow which began as part of the DAEDALUS project have developed into an integral part of Glasgow University Library's services. Using both EPrints.org and DSpace, they provide access to, and permit management of, the University's academic digital assets. This evaluation analyses and comments on the metadata workflows of these services, their support for metadata quality, and how changes in purpose, which have accompanied their transition from project to service, have influenced the repositories. This evaluation will be of benefit not only to DAEDALUS but also to other institutional repositories facing the transition from project development to operational service. The metadata workflows supporting the management and retrieval of ePrints offer a number of paths for metadata creation - each of which has seen shifts in their relative importance as the purpose of the repository has evolved and become clear. The management and retrieval of other academic content in the DSpace service is entirely mediated by repository staff and follows a basic workflow. The quality of metadata in both services has been maintained through staff training and the ongoing involvement of professional cataloguers. The strengths of both repository services lie in their clarity of purpose, utilisation of appropriate software to support those purposes and their successful integration into Glasgow's institutional context. Although they also present a significant opportunity, the new challenges faced by the repository services arise from the emerging involvement of non-specialists in the creation of records and their potential involvement in the administration of sections of the DSpace repository. To address these challenges, the repository services will have to maintain their clarity of purpose, monitor metadata quality, capitalise on opportunities for efficiency, and continue to significantly engage in advocacy and user training
Pairwise balanced designs from finite fields
No full textAbstractDeveloping previous work by R.C. Bose, R.M. Wilson, M. Greig and the author, we give a general construction for difference families over finite fields. All the DFs constructed before were generated by a single initial base block so that they were uniform. Here we also consider DFs generated by two or more initial base blocks. These DFs give rise to pairwise balanced designs which of course are balanced block designs exactly when the initial base blocks have constant size
Pairwise balanced designs from finite fields
No full textDeveloping previous work by R.C. Bose, R.M. Wilson, M. Greig and the author, we give a general construction for difference families over fnite fields. All the DFs constructed before were generated by a single initial base block so that they were uniform. Here we also consider DFs generated by two or more initial base blocks. These DFs give rise to pairwise balanced designs which of course are balanced block designs exactly when the initial base blocks have constant size
Nutritional degenerative myopathy in a population of captive bred Uroplatus phantasticus (satanic leaf-tailed geckoes)
No full textSevere generalized degenerative myopathy was diagnosed in a population of captive bred satanic leaf-tailed geckoes (Uroplatus phantasticus). The diagnosis was based on characteristic histological changes and response to dietary therapy. This is the first reported case of nutritional myopathy in the satanic leaf-tailed gecko.PT: J; CR: ALLEN JG, 1978, AUST VET J, V54, P547 ALLEN JG, 1986, AUST VET J, V63, P8 AUSTIC RE, 1997, DIS POULTRY, P47 CAMPBELL G, 1980, J ZOO ANIM MED, V11, P35 CITANO SB, 1985, J AM VET MED ASSOC, V187, P1232 DENNIS JM, 1982, VET REC, V111, P195 FARNSWORTH RI, 1986, J ZOO WILDLIFE MED, V17, P42 FERGUSON HW, 1989, SYSTEMATIC PATHOLOGY, P215 FRYE FL, 1991, BIOMEDICAL SURG ASPE, P550 GITTER M, 1978, VET REC, V103, P24 GREIG A, 1980, VET REC, V107, P62 HULLAND TJ, 1993, PATHOLOGY DOMESTIC A, V1, P183 MOIR DC, 1979, AUSTR VET J, V55, P360 ROSS AD, 1989, AUST VET J, V66, P361 ROST DR, 1984, VET MED SMALL ANIM M, V19, P1286 RUTH GR, 1974, AM J VET RES, V35, P237 TURNER RJ, 1990, J COMP PATHOL, V102, P99 WILSON TM, 1976, J AM VET MED ASSOC, V169, P213 YAMINI B, 1989, J AM VET MED ASSOC, V194, P561 ZUST J, 1996, VET REC, V139, P391; NR: 20; TC: 0; J9: J VET DIAGN INVEST; PG: 3; GA: 888BGSource type: Electronic(1
Curing Cholera: Pathogens, Places and Poverty in South Asia
No full textIn this paper I will seek to provide a new understanding of endemicity of disease in India. Through a study of cholera research in the twentieth century I will argue that disease and its endemicity has to be understood in biological factors as well as within a wider social and economic context. I will discuss the medical efforts at locating the causality of cholera from the nineteenth century in Indian climate, water bodies and human anatomy to show that cholera is no more a biological phenomena than water is an ecological or environmental problem. Both are essentially political and economic questions
A Behavioral Analysis of EPA's MOBILE Emission Factor Model
No full textThis paper examines the behavioral and stochastic aspects of modeling emission reductions from vehicle Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) programs. Forecasts of the potential emission reductions from such programs have been modeled by the use of the Environmental Protection Agency's MOBILE Model, EPA's computer model for estimating emission factors for mobile sources. We examine the structure of this Model and review the way behavior of drivers, mechanics and state regulatory authorities is incorporated in the current generation of the Model. We focus particularly on assumptions about vehicle repair under I/M, compliance with I/M requirements, and the impact of test measurement error on predicted I/M effectiveness. We also include some preliminary comparisons of the Model's outcomes to results of the I/M program in place in Arizona. Finally, we perform some sensitivity analyses to determine the most influential underlying parameters of the Model. We find that many of the assumptions of the I/M component of the Model are based on relatively small data sets on vehicle done in a laboratory setting, and that the output of the Model makes it difficult to compare the results against real world data from on-going state programs. In addition, the Model assumes that vehicles will either be repaired or receive a waiver. In the Arizona program there appears to be a third category of vehicles � those which fail the test and do not receive passes. This share may be as high as a third of all failing vehicles. Vehicles which do not eventually pass the test would be treated in the Model as non-compliant. However, in current programs, states do not seem to be measuring and entering the compliance rate correctly. The paper also examines the evidence about whether emissions deteriorate over the life of vehicle in a grams per mile basis (as assumed by the Model) or a grams per gallon basis. It finds support for the argument that emissions deteriorate on a grams per gallon basis. We find through sensitivity analysis that the repair effectiveness assumed by the Model to occur in an IM240 test are much greater than for the idle test, and that identification rates and repair effectiveness vary a great deal according to the cutpoint. These results are based on small numbers of vehicle tests in a laboratory setting and could be compared to real world evidence. Examining costs and cost-effectiveness of variations in I/M programs is important for determining improvements in I/M programs. States may not have incentives to develop cost-effective programs based on current Model that forecast emission reduction "credits" that are overly optimistic.
Rational Vs Emotional Appeals with Communications to Landholders: A Review of Focus Group Responses
No full textThere are many organisations that seek to communicate with landholders for the purposes of engaging them in local environmental or conservation programs and sustainable production. This study examined whether different segments of landholders are likely to respond better to communication based on different appeals (rational or emotional), using different messages and communication channels. Seven hypothetical communication campaigns were designed with specific messages and appeals, each produced in three types of media. Focus groups of three specific landholder groups lifestylers., traditional and absentee landowners were held to obtain their responses to the campaigns. Findings suggest that the effectiveness of communications with landholders can be increased by using preferred messages and appeals, and selecting a combination of media appropriate to the landholder group being targeted
Tensor-based analysis of genetic influences on brain integrity using DTI in 100 twins
No full textInformation from the full diffusion tensor (DT) was used to compute voxel-wise genetic contributions to brain fiber microstructure. First, we designed a new multivariate intraclass correlation formula in the log-Euclidean framework [1]. We then analyzed used the full multivariate structure of the tensor in a multivariate version of a voxel-wise maximum-likelihood structural equation model (SEM) that computes the variance contributions in the DTs from genetic (A), common environmental (C) and unique environmental (E) factors. Our algorithm was tested on DT images from 25 identical and 25 fraternal twin pairs. After linear and fluid registration to a mean template, we computed the intraclass correlation and Falconer’s heritability statistic for several scalar DT-derived measures and for the full multivariate tensors. Covariance matrices were found from the DTs, and inputted into SEM. Analyzing the full DT enhanced the detection of A and C effects. This approach should empower imaging genetics studies that use DTI
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