1,348 research outputs found
'The hooly blisful martir for to seke': Manuscripts with Chaucer’s pilgrims
No full textChaucer’s Canterbury Tales tell the story of pilgrims to Thomas Becket: 'from every shires ende / Of Engelond to Caunterbury they wende’. Experience these journeys, both real and imagined, through medieval manuscripts from the Bodleian collection live under the visualizer. Dr Alison Ray, archivist at St Peter’s College, and Dr Andrew Dunning, RW Hunt Curator of Medieval Manuscripts at the Bodleian Libraries, will explore the new iconography that developed after Thomas Becket’s murder, the impact of his death on Oxford’s religious houses and how Canterbury became a significant pilgrimage destination
Disaster threat and the Dunning-Kruger effect
No full textDecision making is a cognitive process of selecting a course of action or belief amongmultiple alternative choices. However, pressures of time, circumstance or unappreciated wickedness can create a situation where an ostensibly illogical choice overtakes rational decision making. Sometimes, when evaluated by those considered experts, decisions made in disasters seem irrational, harmful, or iniquitous in nature. A cognitive bias known as the Dunning-Kruger effect posits that individuals who lack the necessary skills to make rational decisions can also lack the metacognitive ability to realize that their decision making is flawed. The Dunning-Kruger theory theorizes this can result in the individual exhibiting overconfidence to adequately address the threat. Essentially, the unskilled are unaware and overconfident. This thesis investigates the occurrence of the Dunning-Kruger effect in individual decision making during disasters. The author analyzed 12 indicators by coding interview transcripts of disaster survivors. This thesis includes two case studies: Hurricane Katrina, representing a natural disaster, and the World Trade Center attacks, exemplifying a human-caused disaster. In each case, 30 transcripts of survivors were reviewed, and Dunning-Kruger indicators were present in both case studies. How individuals process realized or perceived threat is important for homeland security policy makers. Future research should be conducted to better understand how Dunning-Kruger effects influence disaster decision making.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Fire Marshal, City of Edina, Minnesotahttp://archive.org/details/disasterthreatnd109455161
Dunning-Kruger effect in climate change science communication
No full textThe knowledge deficit model assumes that people make more informed decisions when they are presented with more information. This model is often used in communication strategies while it has received quite some critique from science communicators and is not well supported by social science theories. One of these critiques comes from the observed Dunning-Kruger effect, where individuals unskilled in a certain area do not possess the skills to realize their incompetence. This effect has not been researched extensively yet in relation to climate change science communication and is the topic of this paper. By means of an online questionnaire (316 respondents), respondent’s knowledge and estimated knowledge on climate change is tested. The Dunning-Kruger effect has been detected for this group and suggests a critical re-evaluation of the knowledge deficit model, however additional research is necessary. An initial analysis into the influence of factors like age, gender and highest completed education level on actual and estimated scores and the discrepancy between these is also done to provide leads for further research
Ki-ras2 gene point mutations and dna methylation patterns in the dunning r-3327 rat dorsal prostatic adenocarcinoma system, 1996
No full textThe detection of point mutations in the Ki-ras2 gene in the first and second positions of codon 12 exon I of the Dunning Rat System has been successfully performed employing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques. Two sets of allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) primer panels were used differing from each other in their terminal 31 nucleotide ends. Utilizing the appropriate annealing temperatures, these primers only directed amplification on their complementary alleles containing codon 12 from PCR generated 94bp templates and genomic DNA extracted from the Dunning cell lines AT-1 (Anaplastic), AT-3, Mat-LyLu (Metastasis Lymph and Lung) and Mat-Lu (Metastasis Lung). Our investigations have revealed that the first and second positions of codon 12 have undergone either transitions or transversions suggesting a heterogeneous population of cells comprising the wild type (GGT) and several other sequence mutations. Dorsal prostate solid tissues used as controls revealed the wild type sequence, GG, at codon 12. Genomic DNA extracted from Dunning cell lines Mat-Lu and Mat-LyLu treated with the differentiation agent difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and retinoic acid (RA) were used to detect reversion of point mutations for the Dunning R-3327 Prostatic Adenocarcinoma System in the Ki-ras2 gene of the first and second positions of codon 12 exon I. As a result, no reversions were detected for the first and second positions of codon 12 from either treatment. Genomic methylation patterns of non-treated Dunning R- 3327 cell lines AT-1, AT-3, Mat-LyLu and Mat-Lu, and Dunning R-3327 Mat-LyLu cells treated with difluoromethylornithine and retinoic acid were analyzed. Each of the cell lines were digested with Hpa II and Msp I restriction endonuclease enzymes used to characterize patterns at the interior cytosine of the sequence C'CGG. Identical molecular weight banding patterns were found for both Hpa II and Msp I digests in NDP (normal dorsal prostate) used as a control. Both treated and non-treated Dunning R- 3327 cells digested with Hpa II and Msp I displayed similar banding profiles completely altered from those seen in NDP solid tissues, indicative of a progressive loss of methylation at CCGG sites
Etiquette in making the transition into private practice
No full textIn this article, the author offers several tips for students who are making transition into private dental practice. It suggests not disclosing the agreed terms and information related with negotiating practice or dentist or organization. It states that the initial focus should not be concentrated on salary or compensation or practice performance indicators. It mentions that before getting into details of each opportunity, students needs to decide their priorities
Surgeon-Powered Robotics: Left Upper Lobectomy With Fully Wristed VATS Instruments
No full textThis video demonstrates the first VATS Left upper lobectomy using ArtiSential® wristed instruments.For the first time in VATS, there are now instruments that are as versatile as robotic instruments. These instruments have the additional advantage of tactile feedback, the ability to do one’s own staple firings, and allow the surgeon to be with the patient in case of emergencies. It is also much cheaper than current robotic systems.The author calls this “surgeon-powered robotics” because they can now achieve robotic-style surgery without any automation, and it includes full range of movement coming from the surgeon. The author also endeavors to use an automated camera holder to further close the gap between robotics and VATS. More videos will come as they continue to use these exciting instruments.DisclosureJoel Dunning received these instruments for free from the company.</p
European Union Foreign Direct Investment in China: Evidence from a Panel Study of EU Manufacturing Firms, 1998-2007
No full textThe paper examines determinants of the EU‘s FDI into the China by using a newly available Manufacturing firm-level data set for the period 1998-2007 from the State Statistical Bureau of China. The theoretical framework of the paper builds on Dunning's ownership–location–internalization (OLI) paradigm, incorporating the institutional determinants to test international production by EU firms in emerging market. The paper analyses recent trends and patterns of EU FDI and its firms‘ characteristics in China. This study applies both static and dynamic panel data approaches (fixed effects and GMM system estimators) to test the presence of agglomeration effect of past FDI. It finds that EU FDI in China is positively associated with export intensity and labour cost. However, technology and profitability of the firm show unexpected results, not lining with theory in the study. The results further suggest that locational factors with regard to macroeconomic and legal environment are also considered by EU firms when deciding on FDI in China. The findings have important implications for practitioners and policymaking
Captain Jacques Margeret: a Remarkable Huguenot Soldier in Russia’s Time of Troubles
No full textAbstract. Captain Jacques Margeret (fl. 1591-1621), a brave and highly intelligent French Huguenot soldier, was an active observer-participant in the Time of Troubles who contributed to Russia’s military modernization. Margeret also wrote one of the most valuable foreign accounts of early modern Russia: Estat de l’Empire de Russie et Grand Duché de Moscovie (1607). In this essay, Chester Dunning surveys two hundred years of scholarship about Margeret and his famous book, and he lays the foundation for a more objective biography of the remarkable French captain who served Tsar Boris Godunov, Tsar “Dmitrii”, Tsar Vasilii Shuiskii, the Tushinite pretender Dmitrii, “Tsar” Wladyslaw, King Sigismund III of Poland-Lithuania, Prince Janusz Radziwiłł, and finally King Gustav II Adolf of Sweden. This essay challenges recent scholarship concerning Margeret’s identity, his religious affiliation, his early career in France, his controversial career in Russia, his later career, and the composition of his book. This essay is based on fifty years of research by the translator of Jacques Margeret’s book into English as The Russian Empire and Grand Duchy of Muscovy: A 17th-Century French Account (1983). In addition to reading most published sources and scholarship about Margeret and his account of Russia, the author has examined documents related to Margeret’s biography in French, Russian, Polish, and British archives. In the process, Dunning discovered a letter Margeret wrote to King James I in 1612 encouraging English military intervention in north Russia to counter Polish and Swedish intervention
«Tout à fait Eric... tout à fait !». Quand le sociologue sert de ballon de football aux médias. Souvenirs et réflexions préliminaires
No full textThe sociologist as media football. Reminiscences and preliminary reflections.
Eric Dunning [5-15].
This paper offers an ironical account of various experiments of the author with the press, as specialist of the violence's in stadiums analysis. Functional logics of medias, existence of hidden agendas, lack of knowledge to the files make difficult the expression by journalists of real sociological analysis, especially in the TV. The tabloid press in particular has a manipulatory use of talk that it appeals to the researchers, and contributes to the social construction of the hooligan's phenomenom. Nevertheless, they are some possibilities of cooperation with the quality press, in the context of documentary programmes.Quand le sociologue sert de ballon de football aux médias. Souvenirs et réflexions préliminaires.
Eric Dunning [5-15].
Cet article livre un compte-rendu ironique des diverses expériences de l'auteur avec la presse, en qualité de spécialiste de l'analyse des violences dans les stades. Les logiques de fonctionnement des médias, l'existence d'agendas cachés, le manque de connaissance des dossiers par les journalistes, rendent difficile l'expression d'analyses sociologiques dignes de ce nom, à la télévision spécialement. La presse «tabloïd» en particulier fait un usage manipulatoire des propos qu'elle sollicite des chercheurs, et contribue à la construction sociale du phénomène hooligan. Des possibilités de coopération existent cependant dans le cadre de programmes documentaires, avec la presse de qualité.Dunning Eric. «Tout à fait Eric... tout à fait !». Quand le sociologue sert de ballon de football aux médias. Souvenirs et réflexions préliminaires. In: Politix, vol. 9, n°36, Quatrième trimestre 1996. Usages sociaux des sciences sociales, sous la direction de Jean-Baptiste Legavre et Erik Neveu. pp. 5-15
Recommended from our members
Economic Elites, Democratization, and Redistribution: Evidence from Latin America in the 19th and 20th Century
No full textSocial scientists often argue that economic elites play an important role in thwarting the adoption of democracy. Yet, some economic elites have at times supported democratization, leading to deep elite divisions in struggles over regime type. Why do some economic elites support democratization while others oppose? This dissertation examines the counter-intuitive role of economic elites in supporting democratization and the ways in which these elites can shape redistributive outcomes post-transition.The theory I develop argues that the strategies of labor control elites pursue under authoritarianism fundamentally shape their preferences over democratization. Historically, exercising control over workers was of critical importance to elites, whose primary economic activities--manufacturing and agriculture--relied heavily on labor. My theoretical framework distinguishes between two key strategies of labor control. The first is repressive control, which relies on the threat or use of force against workers. The second strategy, which I label co-optive control, involves the provision of resources that partially benefit workers but are structured to facilitate employer monitoring and influence over workers' activities, e.g. elite-led labor organizations and employer-provided housing. While individual elites often vary in whether they pursue either co-optive or repressive labor control, both strategies constrain workers' ability to act in ways that run counter to elite material interests.I argue elites' investments in co-optive or repressive labor control under authoritarianism give rise to variation in their support for democratization. Repressive control is deeply tied to authoritarian regimes--it is difficult to exercise this strategy in democratic contexts in which institutional and electoral constraints greatly limit elites' ability to employ force against workers. Elites who depend on repression are thus more likely to oppose democracy because it entails the loss of their primary form of labor control. Co-optive control, on the other hand, does not rely on force to manipulate and constrain workers' behavior. It is thus easier to transfer co-optation to the democratic period, allowing elites who pursue this strategy to preserve their control over labor and thereby lower the risk associated with democratization. Crucially, these same elites can incur key benefits from the adoption of democracy. In democratic settings, elites who previously invested in co-optive control have a competitive advantage over those who relied on repression under authoritarianism, as this latter group of elites will face challenges in maintaining labor control in the democratic period. Co-optive control thus lowers the costs and raises the returns of democratization, making elites who rely on this strategy more likely to support democratization than those who depend on repression. In addition to investigating the adoption of democracy, I also examine how forms of labor control, established under authoritarianism, affect post-transition outcomes. Specifically, I investigate how these different strategies of control shape workers' ability to secure material concessions following a democratic transition. I argue that post-democratization, workers operating under co-optive labor arrangements struggle to extract higher wages, improve their working conditions, and make related demands that threaten elite material interests. In contrast, workers in areas with a history of repressive control are more likely to secure these key labor concessions under democracy. To test my argument, I employ a multi-method empirical approach that combines natural experimental data, archival material, and administrative records from Argentina at the turn of the twentieth century. The case of Argentina represents a hard test for the theory developed in this dissertation due to the relatively low labor intensity of most economic activity as compared to many other Latin American cases. To the extent strategies of labor control shape elite preferences over democratization in Argentina, we might expect the theory to also hold in contexts where economic elites are even more dependent on labor. A key feature of the Argentine case is that there exists a natural experiment in which forms of labor control can be considered randomly assigned. Leveraging this exogenous variation, I examine how different forms of labor control shape elite support for democratization, which I measure using an original dataset of local, pro-democracy committees. I complement the primary analysis with an examination of micro-level census data, historical electoral returns in which pro-redistributive candidates ran for elected office under democracy, and case study comparisons.This dissertation develops and tests a theory to explain elite support for democratization. As such, it makes several theoretical and empirical contributions. First, it speaks to a large body of research suggesting that labor-dependent elites oppose democratic transitions due to fears of losing control over workers following democratization. My findings suggest this opposition critically depends on the strategies of control that elites employ. Second, the findings shed light on the degree to which such regime transitions represent a break with the authoritarian past. As I demonstrate, elite investments in co-optive labor control not only make them more likely to support the adoption of democracy but also endure following democratization and shape elite-labor conflict under democracy. Finally, the dissertation also generates new insights regarding the potential returns economic elites can obtain from transitions to democracy, suggesting elites who rely on co-optive control can secure a key economic advantage under democracy that may encourage them to support democratization
- …
