21 research outputs found
Konsepsi Nirkekerasan dan Bina Damai dalam Islam: Studi Komparasi pemikiran Badshah Khan dan Abdurrahman Wahid
No full textABSTRAK
Fenomena yang baru-baru ini terjadi di Indonesia adalah maraknya isu radikalisme yang disebut-sebut telah menyebar luas di masyarakat. Radikalisme yang notabene muncul karena adanya masalah politik akhirnya dianggap sebagai ajaran agama. Aksi-aksi radikalisme yang disertai dengan adanya teror, pembantaian, pembunuhan, dan aksi kriminal lainnya sangatlah bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai dan ajaran-ajaran dalam Islam. Karena agama yang benar seperti Islam tidak akan bertentangan dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Hanya saja, banyak orang yang melakukan kekerasan dengan mengatasnamakan agama. Akibatnya, umat Islam harus menanggung beban stereotype teroris yang sampai saat ini masih sering diidentikkan dengan karakter umat Muslim. Oleh karena itu, kita membutuhkan penyegaran kembali mengenai ajaran antikekerasan dan bina damai yang sejatinya sudah ada dalam ajaran Islam. Adapun tokoh yang banyak menyuarakan hal ini ialah Badshah Khan dan Abdurrahman Wahid.
Berangkat dari permasalahan di atas, peneliti mencoba mengungkap konsepsi nirkekerasan dan bina damai dalam Islam dengan mengkomparasi pemikiran Badshah Khan dan Abdurrahman Wahid.
Untuk merealisasikan tujuan tersebut, dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode pendekatan komparatif dan filosofis sosiologis. Yakni, peneliti akan mengungkap persamaan dan perbedaan konsepsi nirkekerasan dan bina damai dalam Islam perspektif Badshah Khan dan Abdurrahman Wahid. Begitu juga akan diungkap aspek filosofis dan sosiologis dibalik lahirnya pemikiran kedua tokoh tersebut. Dari situ, kemudian peneliti memetakan pemikiran Badshah Khan dan Abdurrahman Wahid mengenai konsepsi nirkekerasan dan bina damai.
Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan persamaan dan perbedaan antara konsepsi nirkekerasan dan bina damai milik Badshah Khan dan Abdurrahman Wahid. Persamaan keduanya adalah bahwa baik Khan maupun Wahid sama-sama mendasarkan pemikiran nirkekerasan dan bina damainya kepada al-Qur’an, hadis, dan terutama teladan Nabi Muhammad SAW. Keduanya sepakat bahwa cinta kasih dan kepedulian antarsesama manusia adalah hal penting demi terwujudnya sebuah perdamaian. Sedangkan perbedaannya adalah bahwa masing-masing tokoh berusaha menerapkan sikap nirkekerasan dan bina damai dengan strategi dan cara yang berbeda. Khan melaksanakan nirkekerasan dengan jihad melawan penjajah tanpa kekerasan dan senjata. Sedangkan Wahid berusaha mengatasi konflik kekerasan dengan cara dialog, negosiasi, dan komunikasi. Dengan begini, nirkekerasan dan bina damai dalam Islam sejatinya dapat diwujudkan dengan berbagai cara. Yang menjadi point pentingnya adalah bagaimana kita dapat mengajak seluruh lapisan masyarakat untuk saling peduli satu sama lain dan tidak hanya mementingkan keuntungan maupun kepentingan pribadinya semata. Karena masyarakat yang damai adalah mereka yang memiliki iman, cinta, dan selalu berlomba dalam melakukan kebaikan.
Peneliti menilai masih banyak kekurangan yang terdapat dalam kajian ini sehingga perlu adanya koreksian dan masukan dari pembaca. Selanjutnya, peneliti mengharapkan lahir kajian-kajian lain terkait konsepsi nirkekerasan, bina damai dalam Islam, ataupun pemikiran Badshah Khan dan Abdurrahman Wahid. Semoga kajian ini dapat memberi banyak manfaat bagi pembaca dan bagi penelitian yang akan datang.
ABSTRACT
The phenomenon that has recently occurred in Indonesia is the issue of radicalism which supposed to have overspread in society. Radicalism which arises because of political problems is finally considered a religious instruction. Acts of radicalism that are accompanied by terror, slaughter, murder, and other criminal acts are very contrary to the values and doctrines in Islam. Because the Islamic values-a true religion-will not be incompatible with human values. Sadly, many people were doing a violence in the name of religion. As a result, Muslims must bear the burden of terrorist stereotypes that are frequently identified with the character of Muslims. Therefore, we need a revival on the teachings of nonviolence and peace building which is already exist in the teachings of Islam. The figures who gave so much attention on this are Badshah Khan and Abdurrahman Wahid.
Departing from the problems above, the researcher try to reveal the conception of nonviolence and peace building in Islam by comparing the thoughts of Badshah Khan and Abdurrahman Wahid.
To realize this goal, researcher used a comparative and philosophical sociological approach in this study. That the author will reveal the similarities and differences of nonviolence and peace building conception in Islam according to Badshah Khan and Abdurrahman Wahid thoughts. Likewise, philosophical and sociological aspects behind the thought of the two figures will be revealed. From there, the researcher then mapped out the thoughts of Badshah Khan and Abdurrahman Wahid regarding the conception of nonviolence and peace building.
After a research, this study found similarities and differences between the conception of nonviolence and peace building according to Badshah Khan and Abdurrahman Wahid thoughts. The similarity between the two is that both Khan and Wahid were based their nonviolent thought and peace building on the Qur'an, the hadith, and especially the role model of the Prophet Muhammad. Both agreed that love and caring between humans are important for bringing a peace into reality. While the difference is that each character tries to apply nonviolence and peacebuilding attitudes with different strategies and ways. Khan carried out nonviolence with jihad against the England colonizers with a nonviolent acts nor weapons. While Wahid tried to overcome violent conflict by means of dialogue, negotiation, and communication. In this way, the acts of nonviolence and peace building in Islam can actually be realized in various ways and means. The important point is how we can invite all people in this society to care for one another and not only concerned with profit and personal interests alone. Because a peaceful society are those who have faith, love, and always compete in doing good.
Researcher assess that there are still many shortcomings contained in this study so that there needs a corrections and input from readers. Furthermore, researcher expect the existing of other studies regarding the conception of nonviolence, peacebuilding in Islam, or about Badshah Khan and Abdurrahman Wahid thoughts. Hopefully this study can provide many benefits for readers and for future research.
مستخلص البحث
التطرف مسألة واقعية انتشرت على نطاق واسع في المجتمع المحلي. وفي نهاية المطاف، اعتُرِف التطرف بتعليم ديني مع أنه نشأ عن وجود مشاكل سياسية بالحقيقة. إن التصرف التطرفي المقترن بالإرهاب والإماتة والقتل وغير ذلك من الأعمال الإجرامية يتعارض مع قيم الإسلام وتعاليمه. لأن الدين الحقيقي مثل الإسلام لن يتعارض مع قيم الإنسانية. ومع ذلك، فإن العديد من الناس يقومون بالعنف باسم الدين. ونتيجة لذلك، يجب على المسلمين أن يتحملوا عبء القوالب النمطية التي لا تزال حتى الآن في كثير من الأحيان محددة بشخصية المسلمين. لذلك نحتاج إلى التجديد لتعاليم اللاعنف وبناء السلام التي كانت موجودة في تعاليم الإسلام منذ القبل. والذين عبروا كثيرا عن هذا الشيء هم بادشاه خان وعبد الرحمن وحيد.
بناء على هذه المسألة، حاولت الباحثة الكشف عن مفهوم اللاعنف وبناء السلام في الإسلام بمقارنة أفكار بادشاه خان وعبد الرحمن وحيد.
فتستخدم الباحثة في هذا البحث المنهج المقارني والمنهج الفلسفي والاجتماعي. وبالتحديد، ستكشف الباحثة أوجه المناسبات والاختلافات بين المفاهيم اللاعنفية وبناء السلام في الإسلام وفقاً لفكر بادشاه خان وعبد الرحمن وحيد. وبالمثل، يتم الكشف عن الجوانب الفلسفية والاجتماعية في ظهور أفكارهما الشخصية. ومن ثم، رسمت الباحثة خريطة ذهنية لبادشاه خان وعبد الرحمن وحيد في مفهوم اللاعنف وبناء السلام.
في هذه الدراسة وجدت أوجه المناسبات والاختلافات بين مفهوم اللاعنف وبناء السلام الذي ينتمي إلى بادشاه خان وعبد الرحمن وحيد. والمناسبات بينهما هما أن خان ووحيد يبنيان تفكيرهما اللاعنفي على القرآن والحديث، وخاصة المثل الأعلى من النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم. واتفق الجانبان على أن الحب والتعاطف بين البشر أمر هام من أجل تحقيق السلام. والفرق هو أن كلا من الأرقام تسعى إلى تطبيق موقف اللاعنف وبناء السلام باستخدام سبل وطرق مختلفة. خان يقوم بأعمال اللاعنف مع الجهاد ضد الغزاة والأسلحة غير العنيفة. في حين يسعى وحيد إلى التغلب على الصراعات العنيفة عن طريق الحوار والتفاوض والاتصال. وبهذه الطريقة، يمكن تحقيق مفهوم اللاعنف وبناء السلام في الإسلام بطرق متنوعة. والنقطة الهامة هي كيف يمكننا أن ندعو جميع مناحي الحياة إلى رعاية بعضنا البعض وليس فقط أهمية الأرباح والمصالح الشخصية وحدها. لأن المجتمع السلمي هو أولئك الذين لديهم الإيمان والحب، وتتنافس دائما في الخيرات.
ادّعت الباحثة أنّ بحثها بعيد عن الكمال، فيُحتاج من القراء التصويبات والإصلاحات من كل الوجوه. فترجو الباحثة من أن تأتي بحوث أخرى متعلقة بمفهوم اللاعنف ومفهوم بناء السلام في الإسلام، أو بفكر بادشاه خان وعبد الرحمن وحيد. وعسى أن يأتي من هذا البحث النفع الكثير لمن قرأه ولمن سيقوم بالبحث في المستقبل
Diagnostic Yield of Blood Cultures among Patients Admitted with Non-Focal Pyrexias
Get PDFOBJECTIVES
To establish the diagnostic yield of blood cultures among patients admitted with non-focal pyrexias.
METHODOLOGY
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, from August 2020 to April 2021. One hundred ninety-seven patients with non-focal pyrexia were recruited. Data about age, gender, presence of other illnesses like diabetes and hypertension, history of smoking and duration of fever were noted. A thorough clinical evaluation was done. Under aseptic conditions, 2 blood culture sets were taken. The final blood culture report was collected after 5 days of incubation in culture media. The culture was labelled positive if any organism was isolated from the sample. All data was entered in specially designed proforma. Patients with positive blood cultures were managed as per hospital protocols. Confidentiality of data was ensured.
RESULTSOur study shows that among 197 patients, 18(9%) had positive cultures, while 179(91%) did not yield any pathogen on blood culture. Escherichia coli was the most commonly grown organism among the positive blood cultures.
CONCLUSION
The yield of blood culture was 9% in febrile patients admitted to the medical ward of a tertiary care hospital
Frequency of Sustained Virologic Response in Hepatitis C Positive, Treatment Naïve Patients on Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir
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To measure the frequency of sustained virologic response in Hepatitis C positive, treatment naïve patients on Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir.METHODOLOGY
This descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar from 15th May 2020 to 14th November, 2020. A sample size of 93 was calculated by using sustained virologic response in 96% patients using Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir with the confidence level as 95% and 4% margin of error under WHO formula for sample size determination in health studies. Consecutive non probability sampling technique was used in the study.RESULTSNinety Three treatment naïve hepatitis C patients were included in the study containing 53 males (57%) and 40 females (43%) with mean age of 43 + 0.23. 84 (90%) patients were in Child A class according to Child Pugh score. Overall 89 (95.7%) patients showed sustained virologic response following 12 weeks treatment of naïve HCV patients with combination of sofosbuvir and daclastavir. 5 patients developed side effects to the drugs; 2 patients developed anemia with one patient having anemia severe enough to require blood transfusion. 4 patients did not respond to the treatment regime in terms of sustained virologic response for 12 week treatment and were continued for 24 weeks on the same regime.
CONCLUSION
This study concludes that combined sofosbuvir and daclatasvir for 12 weeks appear to have sustained virologic response in treatment naïve HCV patients. Child score has statistically significant correlation to sustained virologic response with Child A class showing SVR in all patients. Patients in Child class C did not show SVR. Thrombocytopenia has direct and negative affect on SVR
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Rivaroxaban Versus Vitamin K Antagonist in Patients with Lower Limbs Deep Vein Thrombosis
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To compare the effectiveness of rivaroxaban and vitamin K antagonists in patients with lower limbs deep vein thrombosis.
METHODOLOGY
This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine in Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar for six months with a sample size of sixty. Thirty patients were given Rivaroxaban (Group A) and the other thirty patients were given Vitamin K antagonist (Group B). In the Rivaroxaban group, patients had received 15mg twice daily for the first 3 weeks, 20 mg once daily from 3 weeks to 3 months, and followed by 10 mg once daily. In the Vitamin K antagonist group, patients had received a dose of warfarin of 2.5-5mg once daily, with a goal INR between 2-3. Patients were followed up for 3 months, every month and the effectiveness of both drugs was recorded.
RESULTS
Our study shows that in group A (Rivaroxaban), the mean age was 34 years with SD ± 10.77 and in group B (Vitamin K antagonist), the mean age was 36 years with SD ± 11.09. In Group A, 12(40%) patients were males and 18(60%) were females. In Group B, 11(37%) patients were males and 19(63%) were females. Moreover, group A was effective in 27(90%) patients while group B was effective in 25(83%).
CONCLUSION
Rivaroxaban is more effective than vitamin K antagonist in the treatment of lower limbs deep vein thrombosis
Frequency of Positive Fecal Occult Blood Test in Patients with Cirrhosis
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The objective of this study is to determine the frequency of positive fecal occult blood tests in patients with cirrhosis.
METHODOLOGY
This descriptive cross-sectional study had a total of 154 patients observed for six months i.e., from 12/3/2023 to 12/9/2023 in the Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Patients (aged 18-70 years) were worked up with detailed history and clinical examination to reveal ascites, coagulopathy, jaundice, splenomegaly, cachexia, and gynecomastia. After having excluded the confounders, a morning fecal sample was taken under aseptic conditions in a specialized fecal occult blood testing kit and sent for laboratory evaluation for interpretation. The sampling technique was consecutive non-probability. All investigations were done from the same laboratory and under the supervision of a hematologist with three years of fellowship experience. Data was stored and analyzed by the statistical program IBM-SPSS version 22. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like gender, child-pugh class for cirrhosis, and positive fecal occult blood test. Post-stratification was done through a chi-square test and p-values <0.05 were considered as significant.
RESULTS
In this study, the mean age was 57 years with SD ± 11.27. Sixty-two percent of patients were males while 38% of patients were females. The mean duration of the disease was 1 year with SD ± 3.57. More than 37% of patients had a positive fecal occult blood test while 63% of patients had a negative fecal occult blood test.
CONCLUSION
Our study shows that the frequency of positive fecal occult blood tests was 37% in patients with cirrhosis
اردو ناول نگاری میں شعور کی رو کی اہمیت
No full text"Stream of Consciousness" plays an effective and influencing role in "Novel Writing". This technique inspires readers towards the objectivity which the author wishes to convey. It reflects the images accordingly on the mirror of life. Thoughts, ideas and imaginations are oriented by this technique to streamline the other components of a novel. This trend has been adopted by Urdu novelist because of the western influence in literature. This technique i.e, "Stream of Consciousness" streamlines the thoughts of the readers and they pick the message of the author in an effective manner
Risk Factors for Hypertension in Patients with Stroke Presenting to Tertiary Care Hospital
Get PDFOBJECTIVES
To determine the risk factors for hypertension in stroke patients presenting to the tertiary care hospital of Peshawar, Pakistan.
METHODOLOGY
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Medicine at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. This study spanned months and included 225 patients of either gender who had stroke symptoms within the preceding 72 hours. Detailed information was documented in age (in years), residence, gender, educational qualification, family history of hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and duration. SPSS version 26.0 was used.RESULTSThe age range of the participants were from 41 to 80 years, with a mean age of 61.004±6.69. The mean duration of hypertension was 3.052±0.85 years. Hypertension was seen in 42.2% of patients. Factors leading to hypertension in stroke patients were age 40.8%, urban area 42%, illiteracy 36.2%, positive family history 61.9%, diabetes mellitus 65.2%, smoking 33.3%, obesity 85.3%, and dyslipidemia 71.8%.
CONCLUSION
Significant risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, obesity, and positive family history
Comparison of Efficacy of Duloxetine Versus Amitriptyline in Fibromyalgia Patients
No full textABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the outcomes of Duloxetine and Amitriptyline therapy in fibromyalgia patients regarding change in Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) score and Widespread Pain Index (WPI) from baseline after three months of treatment.
Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was done in the Department of Rheumatology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from November 2022 to April 2023. One hundred fifty-six fibromyalgia patients of either gender between the ages of 25-70 years were included in the study. They were erratically assigned into two groups. Group A patients were given Duloxetine, while group B patients were given Amitriptyline for 12 weeks with main outcome of change in WPI and SSS scores three months after the therapy.
Results: There were 2.6% (n=2/78) males and 97.4% (n=76/78) females in group A and 1.3% (n=1/78) males and 98.7% (n=77/78) females in group B (P=0.560). At baseline, the mean WPI score in group A was 15.8 ± 1.3 SD, and it was 16.1 ± 1.4 SD in group B (P=0.286), and the mean SSS score was 6.6 ± 1.6 SD in group A, and it was 6.8 ± 1.5 SD in group B (P=0.467). At 12 weeks, the mean WPI score in group A was 11.2 ± 2.2 SD, and it was 8.9 ± 3.1 SD in group B (P=0.001), and the mean SSS score was 4.5 ± 1.7 SD in group A, and it was 3.6 ± 1.3 SD in group B (P=0.001).
Conclusions: Outcomes were better with Amitriptyline compared to those patients taking Duloxetine in diagnosed cases of fibromyalgia
On the tunneling time of ultracold atoms through a system of two mazer cavities
No full textWe study the resonant tunneling of ultraslow atoms through a system of high quality microwave cavities. We find that the phase tunneling time across the two coupled cavities exhibits more frequent resonances as compared to the single cavity interaction. The increased resonances are instrumental in the display of an alternate sub and superclassical character of the tunneling time along the momentum axis with increasing energies of the incident slow atoms. Here, the intercavity separation appears as an additional controlling parameter of the system that provides an efficient control of the superclassical behavior of the phase tunneling time. Further, we find that the phase time characteristics through two cavity system has the combined features of the tunneling through a double barrier and a double well arrangements.QN/Akhmerov Grou
