963 research outputs found
Trust and Trustworthiness
No full textIn this chapter, we discuss when, how, and why trust and trustworthiness arise to support cooperation within and across organizations. To do so, we first define trust and trustworthiness, discuss how they can be quantified, and determine key components of trusting and trustworthy behavior. In addition, we identify building blocks of trust and trustworthiness and offer tangible insights about how to establish trusting and cooperative business/interorganizational relationships, based on both academic research and case studies from across industries
The Effects of Automated Vehicles Deployment on Pavement Rutting Performance
No full textThe advent of automated vehicles (AVs) creates an essential need for upgrading conventional pavement infrastructure. It is possible to use either dedicated lanes for AVs or shared travel lanes with different AVs' penetration rates. One of the most significant differences between AVs and nonAVs is the lateral wandering pattern, which can influence the pavement rutting performance. This paper evaluates the impacts of two potential wander modes of AVs (i.e., zero and uniform) on rutting performance with several AVs' penetration rates and different lane width scenarios. The finite element (FE) simulation results showed that the AVs' penetration rate together with the road lane width can influence the pavement rutting performance. For instance, it was observed that using the zero mode for AVs could increase the rutting depth only in the higher AVs' penetration rates, and the use of uniform mode could increase the pavement rutting damage in the narrower lanes
The Effects of Automated Vehicles Deployment on Pavement Rutting Performance
No full textThe advent of automated vehicles (AVs) creates an essential need for upgrading conventional pavement infrastructure. It is possible to use either dedicated lanes for AVs or shared travel lanes with different AVs' penetration rates. One of the most significant differences between AVs and nonAVs is the lateral wandering pattern, which can influence the pavement rutting performance. This paper evaluates the impacts of two potential wander modes of AVs (i.e., zero and uniform) on rutting performance with several AVs' penetration rates and different lane width scenarios. The finite element (FE) simulation results showed that the AVs' penetration rate together with the road lane width can influence the pavement rutting performance. For instance, it was observed that using the zero mode for AVs could increase the rutting depth only in the higher AVs' penetration rates, and the use of uniform mode could increase the pavement rutting damage in the narrower lanes
A double auction based mathematical market model and heuristics for internet-based secondhand durable good markets
No full textTrading of used goods in secondhand markets is considered to have both environmental and economic benefits. For the trading of used goods as well as new ones, this study proposes a periodic double auction model for Internet-based electronic markets whereby each bidder can place both asks and bids for selling and purchasing goods respectively during a trading period. The proposed model allows each bidder to place a spending limit order such that the difference between the cost of the purchased goods and the income obtained from the sold goods does not exceed this limit. Furthermore, since a bidder may be indifferent to multiple goods, e.g. copies of a same title, the model also provides a mechanism so that bidders may combine a number of bids inside a set and put a limit on the number of goods to be purchased in this set. The model is mathematically defined, and the corresponding winner determination problem is formulated using linear integer programming. Since the problem is shown to be NP-hard, a number of heuristic methods are also proposed. Performances of these methods are evaluated on a comprehensive test suite and statistical analyses of the results are presented. Furthermore, possible economical contribution of the model is also evaluated. The results indicate that the proposed model can be used efficiently in large-scale markets with tens of thousands of bidders. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
A fair, preference-based posted price resale e-market model and clearing heuristics for circular economy
No full textResale markets in which secondhand new and used goods are traded play an important role in circular economy with significant economic and environmental benefits. This study proposes a preferencebased posted price electronic market model for resale markets which features several mechanisms to improve the market outcome. The proposed model allows market participants to post sales and purchase orders simultaneously inside a trading round which also enables participants to use the revenue obtained from the items to be sold to purchase other items in the market. Besides, each participant is allowed to declare a budget constraint which restricts the amount that the participant will spend in the market to prevent a possible budget deficiency. Furthermore, the model also allows participants to declare their preferences of substitutabilities in their orders. In this study, the proposed model is formally defined, the corresponding market clearing problem is formulated as a hierarchical multi-objective linear integer program to provide fair allocation between the participants. Four different objective functions are proposed, and their outcomes are compared to the current market system. Since the clearing problem is NP-Hard, several heuristic methods including ant colony optimization, artificial bee colony and genetic algorithms along with problem-specific operators are proposed. The performance of the model is statistically analyzed based on several experiments. The genetic algorithm using the proposed problem-specific operators provides solutions within 3% of the optimal objective values and within 1% of the optimal fairness on average. The results also indicate that the model provides improved market outcomes and fair allocation of items among the participants, and thus it has a potential to contribute to the growth of circular economy. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Synthesis, characterization, OFET and electrochemical properties of novel dimeric metallophthalocyanines
No full textThe synthesis of 4,4'-[6,6'-methylenebis (2-(2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methyl-6,1-phenylene)] bis (oxy) diphthalonitrile 1 was achieved starting from 4-nitrophthalonitrile and 6,6'-methylenebis( 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-4-methylphenol in DMF at 50 degrees C by the catalysis of K2CO3 under argon. The corresponding dimeric metallophthalocyanines (Zn2Pc2 2 and Co2Pc2 3) were tetramerized in dimethylaminoethanol with the appropriate metal salt. Newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-vis, FT-IR (ATR), MALDI-TOF mass and H-1-NMR spectroscopy techniques. The electrochemical properties of the complexes were examined by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, controlled potential coulometry and in situ spectroelectrochemistry in nonaqueous media. The results showed that while there is considerable weak interactions between the two metal phthalocyanine units in dimeric zinc phthalocyanine, these interactions in dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine is remarkable. The catalytic performances of dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine in the reduction of oxygen in a medium similar to the working conditions of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel-cells were found to be much higher than that of dinuclear zinc phthalocyanine. Solution-processed films of the complexes were utilized as an active semiconducting layer in the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in the bottom-gate configurations. The output characteristics of the resulting p-type OFET devices were investigated to evaluate the performances such as the field effect mobility (mu F). A relatively high field effect mobility of 7.3 x 10(-3) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) was observed for dimeric cobalt phthalocyanine
Restrained shrinkage cracking of self-consolidating concrete roads
No full textSevim, Ozer/0000-0001-8535-2344; AKGUNGOR, ALI PAYIDAR/0000-0003-0669-5715; Demir, Ilhami/0000-0002-8230-4053The present study is dedicated to investigate the liability of continuously reinforced concrete pavement (CRCP) cast with self-consolidating concrete (SCC) to restrained shrinkage cracking and the values of restraint stresses in these pavements. SCC, which is becoming increasingly popular due to its several superiorities over conventionally vibrated concrete (CVC), has higher amounts and rates of shrinkage compared to CVC. The higher risk of restrained shrinkage cracking of SCC is a great cause of concern in pavement construction as the penetration of water, chemicals, and salts increases the risk of corrosion of reinforcement. In the present study, an analytical restraint stress expression was developed for typical CRC pavements by modifying the restraint stress equation developed previously for RC beams. Using this equation, the restraint stresses induced to the longitudinal reinforcement by the rigid pavement, cast with CVC or SCC, were calculated for eight different example sections. These restraint stress values were found to reach up to 50% of the limit stresses of bars, allowed by the design guidelines, when the pavement is cast with SCC. The amounts of longitudinal reinforcement used in typical CRCP roads were found to be more critical when the pavement is cast with SCC
Synthesis, characterization and some properties of novel bis(pentafluorophenyl)methoxyl substituted metal free and metallophthalocyanines
No full textThe preparation of some new tetrakis[bis(pentafluorophenyl)methoxyl] substituted metal free and metalloplithalocyanine (MPcs) complexes were achieved by the tetramerization of 4-[bis(pentafluorophenyl)methoxy]phthalonitrile with Li metal in pentan-1-ol or metal [Co(II) or Zn(II)] acetates in DMAE, respectively. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, H-1 NNIR, F-19 NMR and mass spectroscopic methods. MPcs are soluble only in strong and medium polar solvents while the metal free one is soluble in weakly, medium and strong polar solvents. The temperature and frequency dependence of the electrical conductivities were studied on spin coated films of the compounds using dc and impedance spectroscopy techniques in the frequency range from 40 to 10(5) Hz and within the temperature range from 290 to 440 K. The temperature dependence of the exponent s and conductivity, sigma(ac), were completely in agreement with the prediction of the hopping model. The redox properties of the complexes were determined by cyclic voltammetry. The nature of the redox processes was also confirmed using spectroelectrochemcal measurements. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Synthesis, characterization, oxygen electrocatalysis and OFET properties of novel mono- and ball-type metallophthalocyanines
No full textNovel mono- and ball-type Co(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) were synthesized from 1,1'-p-anisylidenbis(2-naphthoxyphthalonitrile). The MPcs have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV/Vis, IR and H-1-NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The performances of organic field effect transistors (OFETs) of the dinuclear ball-type MPcs have been compared to those of mononuclear counterparts. The ball-type MPc based OFETs showed a p-channel and typical ambipolar transport properties. On the other hand, it was not possible to measure the full transfer characteristics of the mononuclear MPc based devices. The best results were obtained in the case of dinuclear Cu2Pc2. In this case, the mobility value is mu = 4.4 x 10(-2) cm(2) V-1 s(-1) and the threshold voltage is 27.6 volts. The reduction and oxidation characteristics of the mono-nuclear and ball-type MPcs have been compared by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and controlled potential coulometry on platinum in nonaqueous media. The comparison suggested that the ball-type complexes form ring-based and/or metal-based mixed-valence species as a result of the remarkable interaction between the two Pc rings and/or metal centers. The stability of these species was confirmed by the mixed-valence splitting values for the complexes. The electrocatalytic performances of the mononuclear and dinuclear complexes for the oxygen reduction reaction were also studied. The compounds involving Co(II) at the phthalocyanine core, especially the ball-type one, showed much higher catalytic performances towards oxygen reduction than those of the other ones
Communication-High-Performance and Non-Precious Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis with Binuclear Ball-Type Phthalocyanine Based Complexes for Zinc-Air Batteries
No full textIn this study, the electrocatalytic activities and zinc-air battery performances of newly synthesized 4,4'-{(diphenylmethylene) bis(4,1-phenylene)bis(oxy)}-bridged binuclear ball-type iron(II), cobalt(II) and zinc(II) phthalocyanine, M2Pc2 complexes were investigated. Electrochemical measurements indicated that Fe2Pc2 complex is a good alternate to Pt/C catalyst. (C) 2016 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved
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