554 research outputs found
Improving Food Selection at Food Shelves Through Better Design and Nudging
No full textThis archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from the University of Minnesota Extension: https://www.extension.umn.edu.Kunkel, Kelly; Blue, Misty; Hurtado, Ghaffar Ali. (2016). Improving Food Selection at Food Shelves Through Better Design and Nudging. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/182860
Theory of Optimal Taxation and Current Tax Policy in Pakistan’s Agriculture
No full textpublic finance into the mould of classical welfare economics by emphasising minimisation of dead weight losses resulting from the imposition of a tax or faulty tax structure. As such, these modern theories have much in common with the traditional approach in terms of efficiency and equity. In spite of this, however, the differences remain. For example, the former theories adhere strictly to the norms of classical welfare economics which treats individual consumers as utility maximisers where improvements in welfare involve change that makes one individual better-off without making someone else worse-off [Stern (1987)]. In contrast to the emphasis of traditional theories on lump-sum taxes, the optimum tax literature is concerned with the implication of using non-lump-sum taxes which have a wider range and therefore more useful to the policy-maker. The recent work on normative tax theory looks at the impact of taxation on individual decisions and the trade off between raising revenues or redistributing tax burdens and the efficiency losses [Atkinson (1987)]. Finally, the optimal tax literature may be more pragmatic in its approach than traditional works as it realistically deals with government objectives and constraints and combines them into models that are sufficiently rich to allow for differences between people regarding income and expenditure patterns.
Using Photographs and Visual Aids in SNAP-Ed Program Evaluation
No full text2007 U.S. Office of Management and Budget Rating of the National SNAP-Ed Program: “Results Not Demonstrated” A rating of Results Not Demonstrated (RND) indicates that a program has not been able to develop acceptable performance goals or collect data to determine whether it is performing.Lovett, Kay; Sherman, Shelley; Barno, Trina; Hurtado, Ghaffar Ali; Gold, Abby. (2011). Using Photographs and Visual Aids in SNAP-Ed Program Evaluation. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/125189
Knowledge transfer: a case study of a community nutrition education program at a Land-Grant University
No full textUniversity of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. Major: Education, Work/Community/Family Education. Advisor: Rosemaire J. Brown. 1 computer file (PDF); x, 101 pages.The purpose of this study was to investigate the process of knowledge transfer. The setting is a health and nutrition educational program at University of Minnesota Extension. The main research question was how is Knowledge Transfer being implemented in Extension, specifically Educational Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program? A case study, mix method design was conducted, including semi-structured interviews with Nutrition Educators (n=15), group interviews with program participants in 15 settings, and observations of program delivery. This study is important as the organization strategically supports the outreach mission of the university. Findings included emergent themes which were organized into domains. The four domains included: 1. the facilitator, 2. the learner, 3. the content, and 4. the context. Descriptive statistics of observation data was integrated into the analysis. The program facilitator domain describes the facilitator capacities and experiences. Facilitators have a great degree of empathy because of lived experiences that are similar to the learners. Personal characteristics, including being outgoing, and passionate about what they do. The program learner domain describes their participation and engagement. This included learners' attitude, and facilitators' mindfulness that changes occur for learners in small steps. The program content domain discusses the content, including its connection to key nutrition messages based on the program implementation guidelines, the need to adapt content to fit culturally diverse learners' backgrounds and their immediate needs and interests. The program context domain suggests that context matters, including how low income families face barriers to change that are multilayered. These barriers include but are not limited to financial, health, social exclusion. This affects the health and well-being of participants. Based on these findings, there are practice and theoretical implications for Human Resource Development (HRD).Hurtado, Ghaffar Ali. (2014). Knowledge transfer: a case study of a community nutrition education program at a Land-Grant University. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/162975
Who supports science-related populism? A nationally representative survey on the prevalence and explanatory factors of populist attitudes toward science in Switzerland
No full textScience and its epistemology have been challenged by science-related populism—a variant of populism suggesting that a virtuous “ordinary people,” and not allegedly corrupt academic elites, should determine the “production of truth.” Yet almost no studies have assessed the prevalence of science-related populist attitudes among the population and explanatory factors thereof. Based on a nationally representative survey in Switzerland, our study shows that only a minority of the Swiss exhibit science-related populist attitudes. Comparisons with reference studies suggest that these attitudes may be less prevalent in Switzerland than political populist attitudes. Those who hold stronger science-related populist attitudes tend to have no university education, less personal contact with science, lower scientific literacy, and higher interest in science. Additional analyses show that left-leaning citizens are less likely to hold science-related populist attitudes than moderate and right-leaning citizens. Our findings contribute to current debates about a potential fragmentation of science communication audiences and call for further research on the sociodemographic and attitudinal profiles of people with skeptical orientations toward scienc
Stakeholder theory and management: Understanding longitudinal collaboration networks
No full textThis paper explores the evolution of research collaboration networks in the 'stakeholder theory and management' (STM) discipline and identifies the longitudinal effect of co-authorship networks on research performance, i.e., research productivity and citation counts. Research articles totaling 6,127 records from 1989 to 2020 were harvested from the Web of Science Database and transformed into bibliometric data using Bibexcel, followed by applying social network analysis to compare and analyze scientific collaboration networks at the author, institution and country levels. This work maps the structure of these networks across three consecutive sub-periods (t1: 1989-1999; t2: 2000-2010; t3: 2011-2020) and explores the association between authors' social network properties and their research performance. The results show that authors collaboration network was fragmented all through the periods, however, with an increase in the number and size of cliques. Similar results were observed in the institutional collaboration network but with less fragmentation between institutions reflected by the increase in network density as time passed. The international collaboration had evolved from an uncondensed, fragmented and highly centralized network, to a highly dense and less fragmented network in t3. Moreover, a positive association was reported between authors' research performance and centrality and structural hole measures in t3 as opposed to ego-density, constraint and tie strength in t1. The findings can be used by policy makers to improve collaboration and develop research programs that can enhance several scientific fields. Central authors identified in the networks are better positioned to receive government funding, maximize research outputs and improve research community reputation. Viewed from a network's perspective, scientists can understand how collaborative relationships influence research performance and consider where to invest their decision and choices
Temperature-Dependent Electromagnetic Surface Wave Supported by Graphene-Loaded Indium Antimonide Planar Structure
No full textIn this study, the propagation characteristics of EM surface waves supported by the graphene-coated indium antimonide (InSb) planar waveguide have been investigated theoretically and numerically. The modeling of graphene has been performed by use of Kubo formalism whereas the relative permittivity of indium antimonide has been calculated using Drude’s model. The results for transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarized surface waves have been computed analytically and numerically. The major challenge is to model the atomically thick graphene sheet over the InSb grounded slab. To get the temperature-dependent characteristic equation for the electromagnetic surface waves, the surface current boundary conditions’ approach has been employed. The numerical results have been computed for both the TE and TM polarization states and reported that the TE does not support the propagation of surface waves. The dispersion relation, effective mode index, phase speed, propagation length, and field profile have been computed in Mathematica under TM polarization. The graphene and indium antimonide have been found active for low and high Terahertz regions, respectively. As temperature increases, the plasma frequency of the InSb increases due to this reason with the increase of temperature and the resonance frequency, leading to a shift in the dispersion curve. Moreover, with the increase of temperature, the effective wave number of transverse magnetic polarized surface waves also increases. Resultantly, the confinement of such surface waves supported by graphene-loaded InSb increases. It is shown that with the variation of temperature of indium antimonide, the surface waves propagating across the interface can be tuned in the Terahertz region and can be exploited for thermo-optical sensing, near-field communications waveguides, and graphene-based temperature sensor designing
Modeling of graphene wrapped indium antimonide nanowire as thermo-optical waveguide
No full textIn this research work, the fiber modes supported by the graphene-wrapped indium antimonide nanowire have been examined theoretically. The indium antimonide (InSb) is a semiconductor material, which has temperature-sensitive optoelectronic properties. To model the nanowire of InSb, Drude's model has been used for better results. The Kubo's formalism based on the random phase approximation is used for the modeling of graphene. The impedance boundary conditions (IBCs) are used to compute the characteristic equations. The real and imaginary part of permittivity of InSb as function of THz frequency under different values of temperature has been computed. It is reported that the InSb shows the temperature dependent metal-insulator phase transition i.e., for temperature T ≤ 200 K it behaves as insulator and for T > 200 K it acts as metal. The numerical results for dispersion relation, propagation band, propagation losses, cut off frequency range, effective mode index and field profiles have been presented for insulator as well as metallic phase of InSb. Moreover, the impact of chemical potential, radius, and temperature on fiber mode characteristics has been analyzed. The computed numerical results can be applied for designing tunable temperature assisted nano waveguides, thermo-optical sensing probes, thermal imaging and near-field communication devices in THz frequency range
Characteristics of polaritonic interactions at chiral loaded temperature-sensitive material (TSM) interfaces
No full textPolaritonic interactions are pivotal in advancing sensing technologies, optical devices, and waveguides. This study presents a theoretical investigation into polaritonic interactions at the interface of chiral-loaded temperature-sensitive materials (TSMs). Indium antimonide (InSb), known for its temperature-dependent phase-transition optical properties, is utilized as the TSM. The electromagnetic (EM) behavior of InSb is described using the extended Drude model, while the isotropic chiral medium is characterized through coupled constitutive relations. By applying tangential boundary conditions for EM field continuity at the chiral-InSb interface, the dispersion relation governing hybrid polaritons is derived. Numerical computations performed in Wolfram Mathematica, utilizing the contour plot technique, reveal the dispersion characteristics, effective mode index, and field distributions under varying temperatures. The findings demonstrate the existence of two distinct polaritonic regimes: (i) hybrid polariton-phonon coupling at temperatures below 200 K, and (ii) hybrid polariton-plasmon coupling at temperatures exceeding 260 K. Additionally, the effects of chirality and temperature on the dispersion curves, effective mode indices, and field profiles are systematically analyzed. Results reveal that polaritonic surface modes can be dynamically tuned by manipulating external temperature and material chirality. These insights hold significant promise for the development of temperature-responsive terahertz-infrared sensors, enantiomeric detectors, thermo-optical surface waveguides, and near-field imaging systems
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