238 research outputs found
A Framework for Incorporating Minority Stress Theory into Treatment with Sexual Minority Clients
No full textEmpirical research has consistently demonstrated the negative mental health consequences of minority stress among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations; however, there is little understanding of how minority stress should be addressed in the actual clinical situation. This article discusses how to incorporate minority stress theory into clinical practice with LGB clients. A proposed framework begins with a two-part clinical assessment. The first part, based on Meyer’s (2003) minority stress model, examines the effects of prejudice events, stigma, internalized homophobia, and sexual orientation concealment. The second part, grounded in Hatzenbuelher’s (2009) work, examines the client’s coping/emotional regulation, social/interpersonal, and cognitive processes, which can be elevated by minority stress. Following the assessment process, the framework suggests using a LGB-affirmative treatment approach. The framework will be applied to the treatment of a black lesbian client in order to demonstrate its clinical utility.Peer reviewe
‘The Darkest Times of My Life’: Recollections of Child Abuse among Forced Migrants Persecuted because of Their Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
No full textNumerous studies demonstrate that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) children and youth are likely to experience abuse by peers, parents, and other adults and that these experiences correlate with a host of mental health problems. However, there is little understanding of the experiences of LGBT children and youth living in countries where social and legal protections for sexual and gender minorities are limited or nonexistent. This qualitative study used thematic analysis to explore the child and adolescent abuse experiences and their impact on the pre-migration mental health of LGBT forced migrants. We analyzed 26 interviews with individuals who obtained refugee or asylee status in the United States or Canada on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Participants originated from countries in Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. Analysis revealed the following themes: abuse by parents and caregivers, abuse by peers and school personnel, having nowhere to turn, and dealing with psychological distress. Findings indicate that participants experienced severe verbal, physical, and sexual abuse throughout childhood and adolescence and that this abuse occurred at home, in school, and in the community. Furthermore, there were no resources or sources of protection available to them. Participants linked their abuse to subjective experiences of depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress, as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. We conclude with implications for refugee adjudication practices, mental health care, and international policy.© 2015. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Peer reviewe
Tornare a discutere di riviste giuridiche
No full textThe Author traces back the role played by legal magazines over the years, emphasising
their being a mirror representation, genuine, silent and at the same time relentless, of the
different phases of legal theory.
The most recent magazines’ function is to renew the dialogue between legal theory and
case-law; this dialogue should neither be casual, nor a captive of the alternative, as sad as
it is popular, between occasional disapproving distancing and too enthusiastic acceptance in
respect of court’ choices
La Convenzione Ilo sulla violenza e le molestie sul lavoro
No full textThe essay analyses the impact of the ratification of the ILO Convention in the Italian legal system, with a focus on the concept of violence and harassment and its impact on other concepts, such as mobbing, and on the health and safety obligation of the employer. The author also
analyses the role of prevention strategies in counteracting violence and harassment in the workplace as psychosocial risks
Gli obblighi di informazione tra regole di protezione del consumatore e diritto contrattuale europeo uniforme e opzionale
No full textLess ambitious than the original proposals, the Consumer Rights Directive 2011/83 focuses on the area of information duties and the right of withdrawal in B2C contracts.
This article analyses the new rules providing information obligations, and highlights some of the unresolved questions particularly concerning the level of consumer protection, and the remedies for the breach of those obligations.
An extensive catalogue of information is now to be given in distance and off-premises contracts; and – according to the existing rules within the Directives on Timeshare Contracts and Package Travel - this catalogue forms an integral part of the contract. According to the Author’s opinion, the option for a detailed provision of the elements that must be disclosed to the consumers, on the one hand , combined with the imposition of formal requirements to be fulfilled in providing informations, demonstrate how the Directive keeps on enhancing the “standardization” of the B2C contractual relationship instead of trying to introduce a more personalized information.
Information duties are now to be fulfilled by the trader also in a contract other than a distance or an off-premises one, even if , due to many exceptions, the spectrum of “other” contracts to which this obligation applies is much narrower than at first glance. However, in contrast to the information requirements in distance and off-premises contracts, the Directive does not stipulate that there is a reversal of the burden of proof in “other” contracts; the catalogue of information to be given doesn’t form, in this case, an integral part of the contract. The Author stresses how the Directive, while going on in implementing the range of information duties, has not chosen – unlike the Proposal - to opt for a more systematic approach . No single rule tells the consumer what remedies can be used to enforce the failing of the information duties by the professional, so that the Directive fails the attempt to bring coherency to existing rules and particularly misses its chance to harmonize the remedies in European contract law for breaches of duties of disclosure. Once again, it’s to the Member States to provide “effective, proportionate and dissuasive penalties”, but, due to the principle of full harmonization, the level of consumer protection could hardly be increased by domestic rules:
The main limit of the Directive – under Author’s opinion – is that the European legislator seems to consider in the same way precontractual information duties and those informations that, according to the foreseen provisions, has become content of the contract, and can’t therefore be assumed as “precontractual”, better concerning the formation of a valid contract.
The current review of the acquis should have included the strengthening of the available remedies and, as some scholars suggest, should have explored, in the case, the proximity between failure of disclosure and the defect of consent itself . The Green Paper on the Review of the Consumer Acquis, on the other hand, suggested that “”there would be different remedies for breaching different groups of information obligations”
On the contrary, the Directive replicates the acquis approach and the option now adopted in the DFCR as well as in the Proposal for a Common European Sales Law : the breach of information obligations seems to be considered only in the framework of pre-contractual liability, as demonstrate both the insertion on the general good faith principle and the provision of a right of damages for the consumers. The conclusion of the paper is that the Directive fits very well into a scenario which could lead to reduce the role played by consumer law as lex specialis which should derogate to general contract law
CLAUSOLE VESSATORIE, NULLITÀ DI PROTEZIONE E POTERI DEL GIUDICE: ALCUNI PUNTI FERMI DOPO LE SENTENZE JŐRÖS E ASBEEK BRUSSE
No full textThe paper takes the recent cases Erika Jőrös (Case C- 397/11,) and Asbeek
Brusse,(case C-488-11), both dated 30 may 2013, as a starting point for a more general
analysis of the ECJ’s approach to the legal consequences to be drawn by a national
Court from finding that a contractual term is unfair.
According to the Author, the approach adopted by the Court is the same that it has
already been expressed in Mostaza Claro case. By revisiting the earlier Océno, the
Court clarified that national courts have not only the right but even the duty to assess
the fairness or unfairness of standards terms of their own motion. Well, beginning from
Mostaza Claro judgement and until the last ones, the ECJ has always confirmed its
point of view concerning the consumer protection to be considered as a general
interest.
The article aims at arguing how such an approach gives an important contribution to
highlight the Court’s solution concerning the issue related to the fate of the contract
once amended from its unfair terms. Consistently with this idea of consumer
protection, in the recent Erika Jőrös the ECJ partially reviews the so called
Perenicova jurisprudence (according which the contract is to be void as a whole where
that will ensure better protection of the consumer ) and clarifies that the national court
is required to determine whether or not the contract can continue to produce its effects
without the unfair terms, in principle on the basis of objective criteria. From the same
point of view should be better appreciated the ruling concerning the power of the
national Court to revise the content of contract terms. In Asbeek Brusse , dealing with
the same issue as in Banco Espanol , the Court confirms its view that the national
court, in order to safeguard the interest of both the parties or even the consumer’s best
interest only, cannot modify the contract. But the second statement and its arguments–
included the element of deterrence- better explains that the Court would consider in
contrast with the rules and the purposes of the Directive 93/13 any revision of the
content of the unfair clause (which in some ways lets the trader’s contractual power
play a role), but doesn’t exclude that the default rules of national law can apply.
18 Sia consentito rinviare alle nostre considerazioni in R.ALESSI,
Giorgio Manganelli e il teatro
No full textNel 1967 Manganelli, che proprio quell’anno si sarebbe proclamato araldo della letteratura come menzogna, pubblicava sul «Verri» un articolo in cui illustrava la sua personalissima idea di teatro, compendiata nel congeniale e versatile binomio di cerimonia e artificio: «una idea piuttosto perplessa, e tuttavia eccitata: un sistema di diffidenze, irritazioni e imprecise speranze». Questo articolo, che secondo qualche interprete andrebbe letto come un vero e proprio manifesto programmatico, è semmai un valido documento dell’atteggiamento ambivalente, misto di perplessità ed eccitazione, sempre mostrato da Manganelli nei confronti del teatro, sin dalle pagine dei suoi giovanili quaderni di appunti, dove il futuro scrittore già tradiva un certo imbarazzo verso una forma d’arte che, ai suoi occhi, appariva troppo compromessa con la vita, e dunque, come dirà poi nel Discorso dell’ombra e dello stemma, costantemente minacciata del rischio di diventare antropomorfica.
Pur senza mai sciogliere del tutto le proprie riserve, Manganelli non ha però voluto rinunciare all’opportunità di «cimentarsi con la sfida del testo teatrale»; e dal 1963, anno in cui il suo primo esperimento drammatico, il monologo Iperipotesi, veniva messo in scena nel corso del convegno fondativo del Gruppo 63, per oltre un decennio si è volentieri improvvisato drammaturgo ogni qualvolta gli si è presentata l’occasione, mosso dalla curiosità e dalla segreta “imprecisa speranza” di «trovare [...] il sentiero che conduce al teatro». Sfortunatamente quel sentiero si è rivelato per lui non privo di qualche accidente, tra rappresentazioni mancate e accoglienze nient’affatto calorose; tanto che, dopo l’ennesima delusione, lasciata ormai ogni speranza, si è a malincuore rassegnato a desistere dall’impresa.
I suoi «vaghi, frammentari» contatti col mondo del teatro, «alleati – diceva lui – delle sue sindromi depressive», sono comunque all’origine di un eccentrico repertorio di testi, finalmente riuniti in una raccolta pressoché completa, Tragedie da leggere, pubblicata nel 2005 per la cura di Luca Scarlini. Al curatore spetta anche l’indiscutibile merito di aver accuratamente ricostruito, attraverso un paziente lavoro di ricerca, tutte le tappe della travagliata avventura teatrale di Manganelli, e di aver richiamato l’attenzione degli studiosi sulle sue “tragedie da leggere”, cui le opere maggiori hanno finito inevitabilmente per rubare la scena.
Ma, se è interessante conoscere le vicende che hanno portato l’agorafobo Manganelli a vestire i panni del drammaturgo, è invece indispensabile comprendere le ragioni del suo ambivalente atteggiamento di fronte al teatro, nonché al più grande autore drammatico di tutti i tempi, William Shakespeare. Verso di lui e verso i suoi altrettanto grandi personaggi, Manganelli ha sempre nutrito un’ammirazione incondizionata e perciò inconfessabile, tale da fargli compiere le più spericolate acrobazie pur di riportare il teatro di Shakespeare nel territorio meno compromesso della letteratura, non senza qualche inevitabile forzatura e contraddizione. Anziché tentare di smorzarle, è proprio su queste contraddizioni che conviene concentrare l’attenzione, a partire da quella più clamorosa. Perché è senza dubbio degno di nota il fatto che Manganelli, così sospettoso nei confronti del teatro, e fermamente intenzionato ad assomigliarlo il più possibile alla letteratura, sia invece arrivato a concepire la scrittura come «luogo di eventi sostanzialmente teatrali», dove lo scrittore, «eroico guitto», si trasforma nell’istrione di se stesso, al fine, solo implicitamente dichiarato, di «ingannare e illuminare il lettore», e soprattutto di proteggere la parte più intima di sé, nascondendo dietro un apparato di finzioni le proprie più segrete veritàIn 1967 Manganelli, who in the very same year declared himself as herald of the literature as a falsehood («letteratura come menzogna»), published on «Il Verri» an essay with the purpose to explain his very personal idea of theatre, summarized through the congenial and versatile combination of ceremony and artifice: a quite confused and yet excited idea: a scheme of suspicions, annoyance and fuzzy hopes («una idea piuttosto perplessa, e tuttavia eccitata: un sistema di diffidenze, irritazioni e imprecise speranze»). The essay, which – according to some annotators – should be considered as a manifesto, is instead a valuable treatise about the two-sided attitude, mingled and excitement, Manganelli always had towards theatre, as it came out from the pages of his early notebooks, in which he betrayed embarrassment in front of an art form that he regarded as too much intertwined with everyday life and constantly threatened by the risk of becoming anthropomorphic, as he later wrote also in his Discorso dell’ombra e dello stemma.
By the way, without making known his ideas on theatre, Manganelli never gave up the opportunity of attempting to measure himself with the theatrical play. So, starting from the first stage play of his first drama monologue Iperipotesi, acted out during the Gruppo 63 foundational meeting, he gladly accepted every chance to work as a dramatist for over a decade, fueled both by curiosity and by his secret “fuzzy hope” to find the path to theatre («trovare [...] il sentiero che conduce al teatro»). Unfortunately for him, that path to theatre wasn’t very smooth, amid missed performances and somehow a not so favourable welcome, up to the point that, after the umpteenth disappointment, once abandoned all hope, he reluctantly resigned himself to give up the undertaking.
Manganelli’s vague and fragmented contacts with theatre, which he defined as allied to his depressive syndromes, represent the basis of an odd collection of works, brought together in the Tragedie da leggere anthology (Aragno, 2005), published and edited by Luca Scarlini. Scarlini is also eligible as the one who accurately reconstructed, through a painstaking research work, all Manganelli’s theatrical stages, bringing the scholars’ attention on his “tragedie da leggere”, however overshadowed by Manganelli’s major works.
In any case, one the one hand, it is interesting to understand the reasons why the agoraphobic Manganelli worked also as a dramatist, on the other, the comprehension of his two-sided approach to theatre and to the major dramatist ever, William Shakespeare, must be considered as essential. In fact, Manganelli always brought forward a strong, unreserved and therefore unmentionable appreciation towards Shakespeare and his famous characters, emotions that led him do his utmost and face some contradictions and twistings to translate Shakespeare’s theatre into the less involved with everyday’s life dimension of literature. Manganelli’s contradictions represent the item on which we should put our focus: the author, while being really cautious against theatre and absolutely willing to compare it to literature, at the same time considers writing as a place made of basically theatrical events («luogo di eventi sostanzialmente teatrali»), in which the writer, as a heroic player («eroico guitto»), becomes a histrionic impressionist of himself («istrione di se stesso») with the implicit purpose to deceive and illuminate the reader («ingannare e illuminare il lettore») and, most of all, to shelter his inner side by hiding his innermost thoughts behind a fiction displa
Modern diachronic corpus-assisted language studies: methodologies fro tracking language change over recent time.
No full textThis paper presents a description of the tools and methodologies employed in the novel discipline of modern diachronic corpus-assisted language studies. The main instruments are a set of three ‘sister’ corpora of parallel structure and content from different moments of contemporary time, namely 1993, 2005 and 2010, along with a number of corpus interrogation tools. The methodologies are the particular techniques devised by the research team to which the author belongs (the SiBol group) for employing these interrogation tools to shed light on the various research questions treated in the paper.
The first part of the paper outlines ways in which these tools and techniques can be used to track changes in the grammar, lexis and discourse practices of UK broadsheet or ‘quality’ newspapers. Given the important role of newspapers, some of these changes may well be indicative of general changes in UK written English. The second part, instead, describes a number of studies conducted by the research group into how the reporting of various social and cultural themes and issues, ranging from what is seen as a moral issue, to the rhetoric of appeals to science, to how antisemitism is debated, has developed over the time period in question. The concluding section discusses the relationship between the methodologies employed in modern diachronic corpus-assisted language studies and wider scientific research methodology.
SiBol is a portmanteau of Siena and Bologna, the two universities involved in initiating the project. http://www3.lingue.unibo.it/clb
Study of the open cluster Alessi-Teutsch 9 (ASCC 10) using multiband photometry and Gaia EDR3
No full textThere is a growing interest in the automated characterization of open clusters using data from the Gaia mission. This work evidences the importance of choosing an appropriate sampling radius (the radius of the circular region around the cluster used to extract the data) and the usefulness of additional multiband photometry in order to achieve accurate results. We address this issue using as a case study the cluster Alessi-Teutsch 9. The optimal sampling is determined by counting the number of assigned members at different sampling radii. By using this strategy with data from Gaia EDR3 and with observed photometry in 12 bands spanning the optical range from 3000 to 10000 Å, approximately, we are able to obtain reliable members and to determine the properties of the cluster. The spatial distribution of stars show a two-component structure with a central core of radius ∼ 12 − 13 arcmin and an outer halo extending out to 35 arcmin. With the derived cluster distance (654 pc) we obtain that the number density of stars is ≃ 0.06 star/pc3, making Alessi-Teutsch 9 one of the less dense known open clusters. The short relaxation time reveals that it is a dynamically relaxed and gravitationally bound system. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.Funding for OAJ and UPAD has been provided by the Governments of Spain and Aragón through the Fondo de Inversiones de Teruel; the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) with grant PGC2018-097585-B-C21; the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO/FEDER, UE) under AYA2015-66211-C2-1-P, AYA2015-66211-C2-2, AYA2012-30789, and ICTS-2009-14; and European FEDER funding (FCDD10-4E-867, FCDD13-4E-2685).With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.Peer reviewe
Tutela della salute e sicurezza del lavoro sul web: una regolazione unitaria è possibile?
No full textIl contributo si propone di valutare l’adeguatezza della normativa prevenzionistica italiana in relazione all’ambiente digitale e alla moltitudine di attività lavorative in esso realizzate.
Dopo una sintetica catalogazione delle forme di lavoro sul web si esaminano le principali differenze tra la tutela riconosciuta alle forme di lavoro subordinato e quella spettante alle attività di lavoro autonomo. Al di fuori dell’area del lavoro dipendente, il legislatore subordina l’applicazione dell’apparato protettivo allo svolgimento dell’attività nei locali del committente utilizzando una anacronistica nozione di luogo di lavoro.
L’autore propone una rilettura del quadro di riferimento valorizzando le definizioni contenute nell’art. 2, d.lgs. n. 81/2008 e soprattutto la rilevanza che l’inserimento nell’organizzazione di una attività organizzata può assumere ai fini dell’estensione della tutela. L’analisi si conclude soffermandosi sulle principali sfide che un fenomeno contrassegnato da a-territorialità, autarchia e policentrismo della rete richiede di affrontare.The paper verifies the adequacy of Italian Legislation on the health and safety of workers, specifically analyzing the digital work sector.
After a brief cataloging of on line work, the author examines the main differences between the protection afforded to the forms of subordinate work and that due to the activities of self-employment area.
Outside the area of dependent work, the legislator subordinates the application of the protective standards to the performance of the activity in the client's premises.
The Author proposes a re-reading of the framework, enhancing the definitions contained in the art. 2, Legislative Decree no. 81/2008 and above all the importance that the inclusion in the organization of an economic activity can assume for the extension of legal protections. At the end, the paper focuses on the specificities of online work and the main challenges that a phenomenon marked by a-territoriality, autarky and polycentrism of the web
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