41 research outputs found
WITHIN- AND BETWEEN-SESSION RELIABILITY OF PELVIC MARKER PLACEMENT AND POSTURE IN LOWER-LIMB AMPUTEES
No full textBACKGROUND: Accurate placement of anatomical markers is essential for valid three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis, yet individuals with lower-limb amputation (LLA) pose unique challenges due to altered anatomy, prosthetic interfaces, and increased adiposity.
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed within- and between-session reliability of pelvis marker placement and static posture kinematics in adults with unilateral LLA.
METHODOLOGY: Fourteen adults with unilateral LLA (age: 58 ± 15 years, height: 174.6 ± 7.5 cm, body mass: 91.1 ± 27.7 kg, BMI: 29.6 ± 7.5 kg/m²; eleven transtibial, three transfemoral) participated in two sessions spaced 3–13 months apart. Reliability of marker distances and static posture kinematics were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM).
FINDINGS: Within-session reliability of pelvis marker distances was good to excellent (ICC ≥ 0.78), whereas between-session reliability was lower (ICC as low as 0.14), particularly for posterior superior iliac spine markers. Pelvis kinematics demonstrated moderate reliability within sessions (average ICC ≈ 0.71), but trunk kinematics showed poor reliability. SEM values were low (<5°), suggesting acceptable absolute consistency despite variable ICCs, likely driven by postural changes and prosthetic factors.
CONCLUSION: Findings support reliable pelvis marker placement within sessions but highlight challenges for longitudinal consistency. Multiple trial collections and standardised posture protocols are recommended to improve long-term reliability.
Layman\u27s Abstract
Accurately placing small reflective markers on the body is very important for correctly measuring how people move during three-dimensional (3D) gait (walking) analysis. However, this can be more difficult in people with lower-limb amputations (LLA) because their anatomy is different, they use artificial limbs, and body shapes can vary. This study looked at how consistently these markers can be placed on the pelvis in adults with unilateral LLA. Fourteen adults participated in two sessions spaced 3–13 months apart. We assessed the consistency of the marker positions comparing them within and between sessions. We found that pelvis marker placement was quite reliable when tested in the same session, but less consistent between sessions, especially for markers placed on the back of the pelvis. The overall body posture and trunk positions also varied more between sessions. Even so, the size of the differences was small, meaning that the results were still fairly reliable to extract information about the motion. Findings support reliable pelvis marker placement within sessions but highlight challenges across longer time periods. Multiple trial collections and standardised posture guidelines are recommended to improve long-term reliability.
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/46063/34419
How To Cite: Withey A, Cazzola D, Tabor A, Seminati E. Within- and between-session reliability of pelvic marker placement and posture in lower-limb amputees. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2025; Volume 8, Issue 2, No. 2. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v8i2.46063
Corresponding Author: Alexandra Withey,Affiliation: Affiliation: Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.E-Mail: [email protected] ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-230
Within- and Between-Session Reliability of Pelvic Marker Placement and Posture in Lower-Limb Amputees
No full textBACKGROUND: Accurate placement of anatomical markers is essential for valid three-dimensional (3D) gait analysis, yet individuals with lower-limb amputation (LLA) pose unique challenges due to altered anatomy, prosthetic interfaces, and increased adiposity.
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed within- and between-session reliability of pelvis marker placement and static posture kinematics in adults with unilateral LLA.
METHODOLOGY: Fourteen adults with unilateral LLA (age: 58 ± 15 years, height: 174.6 ± 7.5 cm, body mass: 91.1 ± 27.7 kg, BMI: 29.6 ± 7.5 kg/m²; eleven transtibial, three transfemoral) participated in two sessions spaced 3–13 months apart. Reliability of marker distances and static posture kinematics were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM).
FINDINGS: Within-session reliability of pelvis marker distances was good to excellent (ICC ≥ 0.78), whereas between-session reliability was lower (ICC as low as 0.14), particularly for posterior superior iliac spine markers. Pelvis kinematics demonstrated moderate reliability within sessions (average ICC ≈ 0.71), but trunk kinematics showed poor reliability. SEM values were low (<5°), suggesting acceptable absolute consistency despite variable ICCs, likely driven by postural changes and prosthetic factors.
CONCLUSION: Findings support reliable pelvis marker placement within sessions but highlight challenges for longitudinal consistency. Multiple trial collections and standardised posture protocols are recommended to improve long-term reliability.
Layman's Abstract
Accurately placing small reflective markers on the body is very important for correctly measuring how people move during three-dimensional (3D) gait (walking) analysis. However, this can be more difficult in people with lower-limb amputations (LLA) because their anatomy is different, they use artificial limbs, and body shapes can vary. This study looked at how consistently these markers can be placed on the pelvis in adults with unilateral LLA. Fourteen adults participated in two sessions spaced 3–13 months apart. We assessed the consistency of the marker positions comparing them within and between sessions. We found that pelvis marker placement was quite reliable when tested in the same session, but less consistent between sessions, especially for markers placed on the back of the pelvis. The overall body posture and trunk positions also varied more between sessions. Even so, the size of the differences was small, meaning that the results were still fairly reliable to extract information about the motion. Findings support reliable pelvis marker placement within sessions but highlight challenges across longer time periods. Multiple trial collections and standardised posture guidelines are recommended to improve long-term reliability.
Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/46063/34419
How To Cite: Withey A, Cazzola D, Tabor A, Seminati E. Within- and between-session reliability of pelvic marker placement and posture in lower-limb amputees. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2025; Volume 8, Issue 2, No. 2. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v8i2.46063
Corresponding Author: Alexandra Withey,
Affiliation: Affiliation: Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
E-Mail: [email protected]
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9422-230
Intimate partner violence: recognising issues and supporting prevention
No full textPlease join us for a cross faculty mini conference to mark sexual abuse and sexual violence awareness week hosted by the Institute for Lifecourse Development (ILD) Centre for Vulnerable Children and Families. This event is for staff and students and aims to give participants a taster of some of the research, practice and expertise that we have across the university. This event will provide you with a basic understanding of the law on rape. It will also invite you to consider attitudes and assumptions that you may have about this topic and offer suggestions for approaches that can help us to formulate prevention strategies. This event is part of the University of Greenwich’s commitment to preventing and challenging harassment and sexual misconduct affecting students in higher education, as set out in the Office for Students statement of expectations.
Dr Carol Withey: An introduction to the law on rape
Sara Ragab: Sexual harassment and violence: support within the university
Dr Priti Chopra: Intimate partner violence: Recognising issues and supporting prevention
Dr Alex Fanghanel and Dr Rebecca Smith:Rape myth workshop
The university support page below contains support resources and guidance both within the university and from external organisations: https://www.gre.ac.uk/support/counselling/sexual-harassment-violence-assault. To learn more about sexual abuse and sexual violence awareness week https://sexualabuseandsexualviolenceawarenessweek.org
Stop staring at the grade! Improving student engagement with feedback
No full textIn 2012 the author gave a series of conference presentations on how to encourage law students to engage with their feedback. The author devised an Assessment and Feedback Guide, with the following aims: to explain the general learning outcomes for law as identified in the QAA Benchmark Statement; to provide examples of when these learning outcomes are demonstrated; to explain how these outcomes are assessed; to explain what feedback is and the importance of using it to feed-forward to improve performance; and to provide examples of fictitious student work, including the types of feedback comments that tutors might provide. In late 2020 the author adapted the Guide to take account of the 2019 Law Benchmark statement. The Guide was circulated to law students at the university of Greenwich. This presentation refers to some of the research on feedback and reports on the efficacy of the Guide in encouraging students to use their feedback
Discussion of “Formation of an Intermediate Layer Between Grains in Nickel-Based Superalloy Turbine Blades”*
No full textKim and Withey discuss the formation of an ‘intermediate layer’, formed between grains, which they observe in some Ni-base superalloys. This author proposes that the layer is the result of the presence of a bifilm, a double film probably of oxide or nitride, which appears to be capable of providing a coherent explanation of all the interesting observations reported by the authors
Online mentoring programmes: addressing the graduate skills gap and lack of diversity in legal recruitment
No full textIn 2021 the Government developed a ‘Levelling Up Law’ initiative. The author attended a series of meetings, also attended by MPs, fifteen city law firms and diversity heads from nine universities. the law firms shared statistics on recruitment and progression. On average, only 50% of employees had been educated in state schools and 75% of employees were white. Whilst women and men had been recruited more of less equally, women had struggled to gain promotion to senior partner level, with some firms reporting this figure to be only 15%. It was also apparent that few outreach initiatives specifically target non-Russel Group universities. Recommendations in the resulting report encouraged this. Around the same time, employers were raising the legal skills gap issue. In Essential Framework for Enhancing Student Success: Embedding Employability in Higher Education, Advanced HE identify ten areas of focus that are integral for graduate employability. The author recognised a conundrum; how to implement this framework in an already packed curriculum, without reducing legal knowledge content. The author developed an initiative with the aim of addressing both diversity in the law and the skills gap. The author created a platform, comprised of online mentoring programmes, which aim to bridge the gap between academic knowledge and practice. The programmes are extra-curricular and delivered early evening, which is the most inclusive model for law students given that most commute and have jobs and responsibilities. The author contacted law firms and organisations passionate about EDI. The programmes are subject based, which means that different organisations can contribute to one programme. Each programme has at least five sessions, and at least two, ideally three, are task-based. The University of Greenwich now has three mentor programmes: Criminal Law and Practice; Commercial Law and Practice; and Competition Law and Practice. This presentation explain how the schemes work, and analyses the impact on both mentees and mentors. The schemes have been hugely successful. One of the District Crown Prosecutors who mentored on the CPS scheme provides useful insight from a mentor's perspective
"We'll Imagine, Madam, you have a Beard":Beards and Early Female Playwrights
No full textThis chapter explores the use and reinvention of the beard by female playwrights of the early Restoration period. Whilst the role of the beard in relation to the production and reproduction of gender and sex identity on the professional stages of early modern London has come under increasing scrutiny by critics including Will Fisher and Eleanor Rycroft, the ways in which early female playwrights have subsequently utilised the beard has thus far not been the focus of any critical work. This paper will examine beards in works by canonical female playwrights such as Aphra Behn and Susannah Centlivre as well as in plays written by neglected authors such as Frances Boothby and Elizabeth Polwhele. In Polwhele’s The Frolicks (1671), for example, the false beard is a plot enabler in the hands of a female character, thus subverting the relationship between the beard and masculine authority. Clarabell, the spirited protagonist of the play, uses a false beard in order to author her own fate. Determined to marry the rakish Rightwit, despite his abrupt imprisonment as a debtor, she engineers a disguise plot in which she first cross dresses as a boy and then directs a performance of male-to-female impersonation, going on to hoodwink a jailor whilst having her lover steal from prison in a false beard which she provides. Through Clarabell, Polwhele uses the false beard to signify female authorial control and to stake a claim in the Restoration theatre; therefore, the use of the false beard in The Frolicks can be read as a moment in which the existing frameworks of a male-centric professional theatre are challenged. Throughout the works of early professional female playwrights, the beard is visible as a locus of power and autonomy reshaped for a burgeoning theatrical female participation
Creativity and bilingualism
No full textA number of studies have investigated the relationship between creativity and bilingualism. Twenty‐four such studies have been surveyed by the author and these are summarized in Table 1. Twenty of these have found bilinguals to perform better than monolinguals on creativity. Only one study by Withey (1974) has found no differences between the bilinguals and monolinguals, whilst three studies, on the whole, have found a monolingual superiority (Gowan & Torrance, 1965; Lemmon & Goggin, 1989; Torrance, Wu, Gowan & Aliotti, 1970). 1992 Creative Education Foundatio
Medical Practitioners in Early Modern Wrexham and Cardiff
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from University of Wales Press via the DOI in this record.Little is yet known about either the numbers or structure of early modern Welsh
medical practitioners, or their broader place within urban life. Through case
studies of seventeenth-century Cardiff and Wrexham, this article explores the
nature of medical practice in Welsh towns. It argues that even small towns
sustained a range of medical occupations and businesses. There were strong
links between towns and hinterlands. Despite the lack of medical guilds and
companies, training was available through apprenticeship. Welsh practitioners
were part of trading networks both within and outside Wales and active in
office-holding and urban governance
"These signs forerun the death or fall of kings": renegotiating masculinities and centrality in Shakespeare's second tetralogy through adaptation, direction and performance (PhD Thesis): [Appendix 3.5] The Breach (2019) - Rehearsal and Production Photographs
No full textThis item contains appendices content relating to the PhD thesis, "These signs forerun the death or fall of kings": renegotiating masculinities and centrality in Shakespeare's second tetralogy through adaptation, direction and performance, by doctoral candidate CJ Turner-McMullan.The Breach is a post-MeToo adaptation of William Shakespeare's Henry V disrupting the gender- and class-based violence in representations of the Siege of Harfleur and the "wooing scene" prominent in post-1980's performances of the play. The production was photographed during a performance at The Rondo Theatre, Bath in June 2019.Adapted and directed by CJ Turner-McMullanAssistant Direction and Fight Direction // Russell EcclestonAssistant Fight Direction // Tiffany RhodesLighting Design // Joe SamuelsSound Design // Finn MacNeilComposition // Finn MacNeil and Edward TerryDialect Coach // Nico HerbreteauAssistant Set and Costume Design // Patrick James WitheyTouring Operation // Alex Latham and Emma de CrucePerformers // Matilda Dickinson, Alexandra Ricou, Charlotte McEvoy, Tiffany Rhodes, Kian Keanu Pollard, Patrick James Withey, Toby Gibbs, Luke HardwellReproduced with permission from CJ Turner-McMullan and Joe Samuels (photographers).All media is copyright restricted. No unauthorised use or distribution without consent of the author. Use of this repository acknowledges cooperation with its policies and relevant copyright law.</p
