1,720,976 research outputs found
Le dinamiche dell'industria cerasicola: andamenti e prospettive globali
No full textThis review article discusses the future trajectory of the world sweet cherry industry based on analyses of trends over the last two decades. The world production, exports and prices of fresh sweet cherries have all increased significantly in the past, and continued growth is forecast through the next two decades. However, the expansion has not been uniform. The greatest growth has been in just three countries, Chile, Turkey and the United States. In contrast, in the rest of the world, production has been stagnant while exports have increased almost fivefold. Both exports and imports are dominated by less than 10 countries. The main source of industry expansion has been the increase in bearing area, while average yields have grown very slowly. Most future growth is expected to be driven by further increases in bearing area. Per capita supplies are forecast to increase by 57.5 percent between 2020 and 2040. The author has drawn on several different studies to forecast how sweet cherry demand will respond to increased production. To prevent prices being depressed, the industry will need extensive promotional programs in both domestic and export market
Fisiologia dei frutti alla base della progettazione di un impianto agrivoltaico
No full textSul mercato esistono varie soluzioni “chiavi
in mano”. Tuttavia, trascurare le differenze
fisiologiche tra le diverse specie da frutto
può portare a gravi problemi produttiv
Dalle coperture antipioggia alle coperture multifunzionali
No full textThis conference contribution to the International Cherry Symposium (ICS) May 2022 explains the physiological basis for the use of the different types of covers in cherry. These range from crop covers as simple rain shelters to prevent cherry cracking, via a way of forcing cherries, black-grey-black netting against hail in the summer and as shading to help fulfil the chilling requirement in the winter, complete dense net as cover to against Drosophila suzukii and other insects and vectors. With investments of 75 – 95 k€/ha, these crop covers help to produce premium large, dark red and glossy cherries with different degrees of fruit firmness, if carefully managed. Risks include climate extremes such as storms, frost, and pathogen infections, while fascinating research into crop covers for cherry is underway in terms of covers with a moderate protection against frost and others, which may produce electricity
La sensoristica migliora l’efficienza dell’irrigazione
No full textI Dss basati sul bilancio idrico o sul calcolo dell’evapotraspirazione peccano ancora di parametri utili. Le informazioni fornite dai sensori di flusso idrico potrebbero colmare questa mancanza
Nuove tecnologie in post-raccolta per ciliegie di alta qualità
No full textSweet cherry is growing worldwide with new areas of production with high volume of international transactions. The high perishability of fruit limits sales on a demanding domestic market, which is highly sensitive to the combination of high prices and low-quality fruit however, the introduction of new innovative technologies during postharvest extends the fruit quality countering the marketing time and complexities associated to export.
This review gives the main information to understand the principles that support the technologies behind the high quality fruit to access the long distance markets. Concentrated in harvest operation, temperature management, packing line and modified atmosphere packaging
Apple Production under Protective Netting Systems
Full text linkApple crop is more and more cultivated under protective netting systems. Depending on the location and sunlight intensity, apple orchards can benefit from these installations, as they will be protected against extreme weather events. Depending on the technical features of the thread, the nets will be hail-proof, wind-proof, or rain-proof, while having different shading percentages. Modern fruit production faces high pressure also related to biotic stressors; thus, modern protective nets are designed to aid pest management. These protective systems become interesting, as they will induce changes in the orchards’ microenvironment, with consequences on crop physiology. Netting mainly reduces incoming solar radiation and wind speed, altering the heat balance. Leaf gas exchanges and water relations can be positively influenced by netting in apple cultivation areas with extreme solar radiation, high temperatures, and low water availability. These considerations are important, especially if the final yield and quality are not compromised by shading. These protective systems can allow higher sustainability of apple production, lowering resource use, along with crop protection
Il cracking nella ciliegia e le strategie per la prevenzione
No full textRain cracking in sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) imposes a severe limitation on commercial producers of this high value fruitcrop. In recent years, considerable progress has been made in unraveling the mechanistic basis of fruit cracking in sweet cherry. In this mini review we discuss the so-called Zipper hypothesis that explains the events leading up to the ‘unzipping’ of the fruit skin and ultimately to cracking. Using the Zipper model, we then explore the reasons why fruits may sometimes crack under rain shelters or postharvest in the box, in transit, and why the measured response of fruit cracking to Ca sprays is so frustratingly inconsistent.
Based on the Zipper hypothesis, cracking is the result of a series (causal chain) of events that ultimately ‘unzip’ the fruit. Tension (stress) develops in the skin during stage III growth. Stress results in microcracks in the cuticle. Microcracking is exacerbated by surface wetness and high humidity. Microcracks focus subsequent water uptake into particular regions on the fruit surface. Here, they allow water to bypass the cuticle and to penetrate through to the cells of the skin and flesh. Ultimately the water causes the large, thin-walled parenchyma cells to burst. This allows their cell contents (including malic acid) to leak into the apoplast. The malic acid causes the neighboring cells also to leak and it also extracts Ca from the cell walls. The cell walls then swell and cell-to-cell adhesion decreases. In this way a crack forms and propagates, so as to that ‘unzip’ the skin in a way somewhat analogous to that in which a ‘ladder’ will propagate from a small area of damage in a knitted fabric
Nuovo modello di frutteto per aumentare la sostenibilità delle produzioni melicole
No full textRiducendo la luce incidente i tassi
evapotraspirativi sono calati, ma non è stata
compromessa la fisiologia di crescita del
frutto e non si sono registrate ripercussion
Late Ripening Apple Production Benefits from High Shading and Water Limitation under Exclusion Netting
Full text linkIn highly solar irradiated areas, apple production can face challenges due to high evaporative water demands. Shading can be used to lower irrigation requirements and make apple growing more sustainable. In this trial, a white exclusion net (40% shading) integrated with rain protection was compared with a regular anti-hail black net (20% shading), on Rosy Glow apple. Crop physiology, yield and quality parameters were monitored during two consecutive years, under conditions of full and restricted irrigation. Since Et0 under the two cover systems was different, their respective 100% irrigation replacement was different; both covers also received a restricted irrigation treatment (70% replacement of Et0). Tree physiology (midday stem water potential, leaf gas exchanges, seasonal fruit growth) was not affected, neither by less light nor by less water. Moreover, marketable yield, fruit color and soluble solid content were improved under the more shaded environment, even when the irrigation volume was limited. These results are encouraging, as an overall 50% of water was saved (ca. 190 mm tree−1 per year), compared to the control irrigation treatment, under a classic anti-hail system (ca. 370 mm tree−1 per year)
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