44 research outputs found
The Oxford guide to the Transeurasian languages
No full textThe Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages provides a comprehensive account of the Transeurasian languages, and is the first major reference work in the field since 1965. The term 'Transeurasian' refers to a large group of geographically adjacent languages that includes five uncontroversial linguistic families: Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic. The historical connection between these languages, however, constitutes one of the most debated issues in historical comparative linguistics. In the present book, a team of leading international scholars in the field take a balanced approach to this controversy, integrating different theoretical frameworks, combining both functional and formal linguistics, and showing that genealogical and areal approaches are in fact compatible with one another.The volume is divided into five parts. Part I deals with the historical sources and periodization of the Transeurasian languages and their classification and typology. In Part II, chapters provide individual structural overviews of the Transeurasian languages and the linguistic subgroups that they belong to, while Part III explores Transeurasian phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis, and semantics from a comparative perspective. Part IV offers a range of areal and genealogical explanations for the correlations observed in the preceding parts. Finally, Part V combines archaeological, genetic, and anthropological perspectives on the identity of speakers of Transeurasian languages. The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages will be an indispensable resource for specialists in Japonic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic languages and for anyone with an interest in Transeurasian and comparative linguistics more broadly.Detailed Contents Series Preface List of Figures and Tables List of Abbreviations Romanization Conventions The Contributors Introduction, Martine Robbeets and Alexander Savelyev Part I: Sources and Classification A: Historical Sources and Periodization 1: Historical sources and periodization of the Japonic and Koreanic languages, Marc Miyake 2: The Altaic languages: Tungusic, Mongolic, Turkic, Volker Rybatzki B: Genealogical Classification 3: The classification of the Transeurasian languages, Martine Robbeets 4: The classification of the Japonic languages, Elisabeth M. de Boer 5: The classification of the Korean language and its dialects, Kyou-Dong Ahn and Jaehoon Yeon 6: The classification of the Tungusic languages, Lindsay J. Whaley and Sofia Oskolskaya 7: The classification of the Mongolic languages, Hans Nugteren 8: The classification of the Turkic languages, Lars Johanson 9: A Bayesian approach to the classification of the Turkic languages, Alexander Savelyev C: Typology 10: The typological heritage of the Transeurasian languages, Martine Robbeets 11: Typological profile of the Transeurasian languages from a quantitative perspective, Nataliia Hübler Part II: Individual Structural Overviews 12: Japanese and the mainland dialects, Masayoshi Shibatani 13: Amami and Okinawa, the Northern Ryukyuan languages, Yuto Niinaga 14: Miyako, Ishigaki, and Yonaguni, the Southern Ryukyuan languages, John R. Bentley 15: Korean and the Korean dialects, Ho-min Sohn 16: Jejudo Korean, Ubong Shin, Jieun Kiaer, and Jiyoung Shin 17: Xibe and the Manchuric languages, Taeho Jang 18: Even and the Northern Tungusic languages, Brigitte Pakendorf and Natalia Aralova 19: Nanai and the Southern Tungusic languages, Sofia Oskolskaya 20: Dagur, Yohei Yamada 21: Khalkha Mongolian, Jan-Olof Svantesson 22: Oirat and Kalmyk, the Western Mongolic languages, Ágnes Birtalan 23: The northwestern Turkic (Kipchak) languages, Éva A. Csató and Lars Johanson 24: Turkish and the southwestern Turkic (Oghuz) languages, Jaklin Kornfilt 25: Uyghur and Uzbek, the southeastern Turkic languages, Abdurashid Yakup 26: Sakha and Dolgan, the North Siberian Turkic languages, Brigitte Pakendorf and Eugénie Stapert 27: Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages, Alexander Savelyev Part III: Comparative Overviews A: Phonology 28: A comparative approach to the consonant inventory of the Transeurasian languages, Allan R. Bomhard 29: A comparative approach to the vowel systems and harmonies in the Transeurasian languages and beyond, Andrew Joseph, Seongyeon Ko, and John Whitman B: Morphology 30: A comparative approach to verbal morphology in Transeurasian, Martine Robbeets 31: A comparative approach to nominal morphology in Transeurasian: Case and plurality, Ilya Gruntov and Olga Mazo 32: A comparative approach to the pronominal system in Transeurasian, Michal Schwarz, Ondřej Srba, and Václav Blažzek C: Syntax 33: The nominal group, possessive agreement, and nominal sentences in the Transeurasian languages, Irina Nevskaya and Lina Amal 34: Verbal categories in the Transeurasian languages, Andrej Malchukov and Patryk Czerwinski 35: Complex constructions in the Transeurasian languages, Andrej Malchukov and Patryk Czerwinski D: Lexicon and Semantics 36: Basic vocabulary in the Transeurasian languages, Martine Robbeets 37: Numerals in the Transeurasian languages, Václav Blažzek 38: Kinship term paradigms in the Transeurasian languages, Milan van Berlo Part IV: Areal Versus Inherited Connections 39: Contact between genealogically related languages: the case of Old Korean and Old Japanese, Alexander T. Francis-Ratte and J. Marshall Unger 40: Form and pattern borrowing across Siberian Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic languages, Gregory D. S. Anderson 41: Transeurasian as a continuum of diffusion, Edward Vajda 42: Beck-Wichmann-Brown evaluation of lexical comparisons for the Transeurasian proposal, Cecil H. Brown Part V: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on the Identity of Transeurasian 43: The homelands of the individual Transeurasian proto-languages, Martine Robbeets, Juha Janhunen, Alexander Savelyev, and Evgeniya Korovina 44: The Transeurasian homeland: Where, what and when?, Martine Robbeets 45: Transeurasian unity from a population genetic perspective, Choongwon Jeong, Chuan-Chao Wang, and Chao Ning 46: Transeurasian unity from an archaeological perspective, Tao Li 47: Language dispersals and the 'Secondary Peoples' Revolution': A historical anthropology of the Transeurasian unity, Mark James Hudson References Inde
Mari, Merya, Muroma — History of the Ethnonyms and Reconstruction of the Substrate Toponymy Languages
No full textThe old hypothesis on the relatedness of Merya languages (today we can speak about a group of languages or dialects reconstructed on the basis of substrate toponymy of Central Russia: Merya of Rostov, Merya of Kostroma, and Merya of Murom also known as “Lower Klyazma” Merya) with the Mari (Cheremis) language has been reliably proven in the works of A. K. Matveyev, O. V. Smirnov and others. The authors contribute to the ongoing discussion in this area and argue that the new reconstruction of Proto-Mari vocalism based on the history of Mari-Turkic contacts undoubtedly supports this hypothesis. The article suggests a version of the Stammbaum of Finno-Permian languages, including the Mari-Merya group and some other extinct Finno-Permian languages, reconstructed on the basis of substrate toponymic data. However, since the results of the analysis of substrate toponymy are naturally debatable to a certain extent, the authors propose to turn to the analysis of ethnonymy. The long-noted (by M. A. Castrén) similarity of the ethnonyms Mari, Merya, and Muroma is considered, suggesting them to be self-names of the respective ethnic groups. The reconstruction of the Mari historical vocalism (as well as features of the vocalism of the Merya and Muromian languages that can be extracted from toponymic materials) delivers the proto-forms Mari *märə, Merya *märə, Muromian *mürə, going back to the proto-form *märə. The latter is proposed to regard (as it is now common in the Finno-Ugric studies) as some reflex of Aryan *marya- ‘young man, warrior, member of youth war community’ (the authors are going to devote a special article to the problem of the Aryan source of this ethnonym). The reconstruction of the common Mari–Meryan–Muromian auto-ethnonym *märə is not only a strong argument for the relatedness of these languages, but also indicates to close relations between the respective ethnic groups and their common origin
In these (end) times: Sh. Idiatullin's Volgaic fantasy fiction
No full textThe paper discusses the development of ethnic fiction in the modern Russian literature, focusing on Shamil Idiatullin's 2020 novel “Poslednee vremja”. We show that the tendency towards switching from ethnic to regionalist agenda can be observed in the works by both Russian authors, such as Denis Osokin and Alexei Ivanov, and authors having a non-Russian ethnic identity, such as the Tatar novelists Guzel Yakhina and Shamil Idiatullin. We adopt an interdisciplinary approach, bringing together techniques from literary studies (analysis of the genre and the literary situation as well as the historical and cultural context) and linguistics (an etymological analysis of proper names, in the first place). Our commentary on various linguistic, historical and cultural aspects puts Idiatullin»s novel into the discourse of the contemporary ethnic fiction as a text that expresses the positions of both the Conquerors and the Conquered. The analysis of personal names and other words of non-Russian origin that are used in the Russian text allows to identify the fictional ethnic groups with the actual peoples of the Volga-Kama region and places the novel within a present-day context. One of the key themes of “Poslednee vremja” is language loss, and some scenes, such as the self-immolation of the pagan priest Arβuj-Kuγə̑za, make a clear reference to the contemporary history of the region. The novel»s title can be translated as both “End times” and “These times”; thus, it includes simultaneously an apocalyptic allusion and a hint to the events of the recent past
Erratum to: Nonuniversal Scaling Behavior of Conductivity Peak Widths in the Quantum Hall Effect in InGaAs/InAlAs Structures (Semiconductors, (2018), 52, 12, (1551-1558), 10.1134/S1063782618120102)
No full textThe name of the third author should read E. V. Ilchenko. © 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
Predicting the breaking onset of surface water waves
No full textWhy do ocean waves break? Understanding this important and obvious property of the ocean surface has been elusive for decades. This paper investigates causes which lead deep-water two-dimensional initially monochromatic waves to break. Individual wave steepness is found to be the single parameter which determines whether the wave will break immediately, never break or take a finite number of wave lengths to break. The breaking will occur once the wave reaches the Stokes limiting steepness. The breaking probability and the location of breaking onset can be predicted, properties of incipient breakers measured. Potential applications to field conditions are discussed
Numerical and laboratory investigation of breaking of steep two-dimensional waves in deep water
No full textThe paper extends a pilot study into a detailed investigation of properties of breaking waves and processes responsible for breaking. Simulations of evolution of steep to very steep waves to the point of breaking are undertaken by means of the fully nonlinear Chalikov-Sheinin model. Particular attention is paid to evolution of nonlinear wave properties, such as steepness, skewness and asymmetry, in the physical, rather than Fourier space, and to their interplay leading to the onset of breaking. The role of superimposed wind is also investigated. The capacity of the wind to affect the breaking onset is minimal unless the wind forcing is very strong. Wind is, however, important as a source of energy for amplification of the wave steepness and ultimately altering the breaking statistics. A detailed laboratory study is subsequently described. The theoretical predictions are verified and quantified. In addition, some features of the nonlinear development not revealed by the model (i.e. reduction of the wave period which further promotes an increase in steepness prior to breaking) are investigated. Physical properties of the incipient breaker are measured and examined, as well as characteristics of waves both preceding and following the breaker. The experiments were performed both with and without a superimposed wind, the role of which is also investigated. Since these idealized two-dimensional results are ultimately intended for field applications, tentative comparisons with known field data are considered. Limitations which the modulational instability mechanism can encounter in real broadband three-dimensional environments are highlighted. Also, substantial examination of existing methods of breaking onset detection are discussed and inconsistencies of existing measurements of breaking rates are pointed out
Waveguide and active region structure optimization for low-divergence InAs/InGaAs quantum dot comb lasers
No full textThe analytical approach to the multi-state lasing phenomenon in undoped and p-doped InAs/InGaAs semiconductor quantum dot lasers
No full textAnalytical model of ground-state lasing phenomenon in broadband semiconductor quantum dot lasers
No full textLaser nanostructuring 3-D bioconstruction based on carbon nanotubes in a water matrix of albumin
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