43 research outputs found
2015 NEPP Tasks Update for Ceramic and Tantalum Capacitors
No full textThis presentation provides a NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) program update on tantalum and ceramic capacitors
2015 NEPP Tasks Update for Ceramic and Tantalum Capacitors
No full textThis presentation provides a NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) program update on tantalum and ceramic capacitors
Inefficiency of pension investment regulation: Case of Russia
No full textInflation risks are one of the major factors faced by funded pension systems. Investment risks affect such key parameters of pension systems as the amount of pension contributions and payments. In order to limit the exposure of pension systems to such risks, governments have introduced instrumental and geographical restrictions on pension investments. These measures are particularly popular in developing countries. This article discusses the efficiency of pension investment regulation in Russia and demonstrates the inadequacy of the current regulatory measures. The authors show that the negative investment results of pension market players were caused by inefficient government regulation. They also show that pension market players should be given more freedom in their investments and that instrumental and geographical restrictions should be removed. It was proposed to diversify investment portfolios into stocks traded on the leading stock markets, which would allow to increase investment returns and maintain the risk at the current level. Thus, it would be reasonable to invest 76% of funds into foreign assets, which will increase pension benefits and the replacement rate by 2.54 times. If we keep the geographical barriers but lift the restrictions on equity investments, the growth will be by 1.34 times. © The author(s) 2017.Russian Science Foundation: 15-18-10014This research is supported by the Russian Science Foundation RSF Grant No 15-18-10014 ‘Projection of optimal socio-economic systems in turbulent external and internal environments’
Financial Sustainability of Funded Pension Systems in OECD Countries at Demographic Risks
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DEMOGRAPHIC RISK AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY OF THE PENSION SYSTEM
No full text: In the framework of this study, we have obtained a mathematical model for maintaining the financial sustainability of PAYG pension systems.
We introduce the term financial soundness, by which we understand the maintenance of a balance between the contributions to the pension system and the costs of pension payments. We have proved that the financial sustainability of PAYG systems depends on the growth rates of wages, the growth rate of contribution rates. And demographic factors such as the ratio of the number of pensioners and the working population. However, in the context of countries' competition for investment and the impossibility of increasing the rates of contributions to the pension system, as well as the limited business opportunities to increase wages, the financial sustainability of PAYG systems is determined only by demographic factors. Financial stability in such conditions is violated in case of excess of the rate of increase in pension payments over the rates of Support Ratio (ratio of working population and pensioners.</jats:p
FINANCIAL AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY PENSION SYSTEMS IN THE FACE OF DEMOGRAPHIC RISKS
No full textThe ongoing distribution of the pension system is on the threshold of losing its sustainability, financially, which has produced a deficit in the budget of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and the deflection of pension funds to the distribution system in 2014. This situation was to some extent caused by demographic risks. Funded systems could become the main instrument for mitigating the demographic problem of the distribution pension system. But the problem is, these systems are unprotected to demographic risks as well.The paper examines the effect of demographic uncertainty on funded pension systems. It describes the process necessary for the financial sustainability of a funded pension system under the force of demographic and macroeconomic factors. It explores the conformity of Russian funded pension systems and that of OECD countries with the status of financial sustainability in the time from 1958 to 2012, making a prognosis for the financial viability prospects. </jats:p
2014 NEPP Tasks Update for Ceramic and Tantalum Capacitors
No full textPresentation describes recent development in research on MnO2, wet, and polymer tantalum capacitors. Low-voltage failures in multilayer ceramic capacitors and techniques to reveal precious metal electrode (PME) and base metal electrode (BME) capacitors with cracks are discussed. A voltage breakdown technique is suggested to select high quality low-voltage BME ceramic capacitors
A divinização e humanização do perdão no imaginário popular religioso brasileiro
No full textSome behavioral models are created by imagination and only in this "imagery" have real existence, even if it is fictitious. These images of collective representation or ideas are internalized by man, who builds for himself value systems, beliefs, ideologies and religious experiences. Popular religious imagery establish then, from an apparent reflection, axioms of faith and behavior that become guidelines to the practical actions of life. An expression from the eighteenth century British poet and essayist Alexander Pope, "To err is human, to forgive is divine ", has become an absolute truth in the Brazilian popular religious imagery. In this article, it is approached the deification and humanization nexus of forgiveness. Why is it possible to understand the human potential for error, but, when it becomes necessary to apply forgiveness to one who makes the mistake, we deify forgiveness? From a reflection on the popular religious imagery - where to err is an activity innate to man and to forgive a gift exclusively divine - and the theological vision and relationship of Brazilians with God, it is sought to introduce the concept of forgiveness according to the text sacred to Christians, exposing the principle that to forgive is both a divine and human act. It also evokes the difficulties experienced in the act of forgiving in the relation of man with his equal, and the assistance provided through counseling.Alguns modelos comportamentais são criados pela imaginação e somente nesse ‘imaginário’ tem existência real, ainda que seja fictícia. Essas imagens de representação coletiva ou ideias são internalizadas pelo homem, que constrói para si mesmo, sistemas de valores, crenças, ideologias e experiências religiosas. O imaginário popular religioso configura então, a partir de uma aparente reflexão, axiomas de fé e comportamento que passa a nortear às ações práticas da vida. Uma expressão do poeta e ensaísta britânico do Século XVIII, Alexander Pope, “Errar é humano. Perdoar é divino”, passou a ser verdade absoluta no imaginário popular religioso brasileiro. Aborda-se nesse artigo, a relação divinização e humanização do perdão. Por que é possível compreender o potencial humano para o erro, mas quando se faz necessário aplicar o perdão para aquele que comete o erro, divinizamos o perdão? A partir de uma reflexão sobre o imaginário religioso popular, onde errar é uma atividade inata ao homem e o perdoar um dom exclusivamente divino e da relação e visão teológica do brasileiro com Deus, procura-se apresentar o conceito de perdão segundo o texto sagrado para os cristãos, expondo o princípio de que perdoar é tanto um ato divino quanto humano. Evoca-se também às dificuldades vivenciadas do ato de perdoar na relação homem para com o seu semelhante e o auxílio prestado através do aconselhamento
