429 research outputs found
Alexander Dalrymple (1737-1808), hydrographer to the East India Company and the Admiralty, as publisher: a catalogue of books and charts
No full textThis is a study of the publications and publishing practices of
Alexander Dalrymple (1737-1808). Dalrymple was cumulatively a private
publisher of nautical charts and plans (from 1767), the ''examiner of
ships' journals'' and chart publisher for the East India Company (from
1779), and Hydrographer to the Admiralty (from 1795).
The core of the study is a catalogue of the known publications of
Alexander Dalrymple, defining and establishing his oeuvre. The
catalogue is in two parts, Catalogue A for the letterpress publications,
numbering 257, and Catalogue B for the engraved charts, plans of ports,
views of land, and other Illustrations, numbering 1116. The entries in
each part of the catalogue are arranged chronologically by date of
publication, with full bibliographical and technical descriptions, and
notes of attribution, dating and inter-relationships.
The introduction gives a short account of Dalrymple's life, focussing on
his publishing activity, and introducing his geographical and political
pamphlet publishing. Four phases of activity in his nautical publication
are identified: the decision to publish charts and memoirs from his own
voyages in the Eastern Archipelago (1769-1772); the private publication
of charts and plans with grants or subscriptions from the East India
Company (1772-1779); the annual series of charts, plans, views and
memoirs issued from 1779 onwards for the East India Company; and the
organisation and output of the Admiralty Hydrographic Office which he
ran in parallel with his East India Company work after 1795. This is
supplemented by a discussion of the continuing use made of Dalrymple's
charts after his death in 1808.
An investigation of Dalrymple's engraving and publishing practices
follows, with a brief survey of his technical leaflets and manuals on
nautical surveying and chronometer use, and an account of Oriental
Repertory, his chief non-nautical publication. The study emphasises the
close personal control Dalrymple exercised over his publications, and
the consequent problems in the Admiralty and East India Company in
developing arrangements to continue publishing charts after his death
The political phenomenology of war reporting
No full textDrawing on interviews with war correspondents, editors, political and military personnel, this article investigates the political dimension of the structuration and structuring effects of the reporter’s experience of journalism. Self-reflection and judgements about colleagues confirm that there are dominant norms for interpreting and acting in conflict scenarios which, while contingent upon socio-historical context, are interpreted as natural. But the prevalence of such codes masks the systematically misrecognized symbolic systems of mystification and ambivalence – systems which reproduce hierarchies and gatekeeping structures in the field, but which are either experienced as unremarkable, dismissed with irony and cynicism, or not present to the consciousness of the war correspondent. The article builds on recent theories of journalistic disposition, ideology, discourse and professionalism, and describes the political dimension of journalistic practice perceived in the field as apolitical. It addresses the gendering of war correspondence, the rise of the journalist as moral authority, and questions the extent to which respondent reflections can be defensibly analytically determined
Effects of orally administered immunostimulants on inflammatory gene expression and sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) burdens on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
No full textSea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are the most economically important ectoparasites affecting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) culture worldwide. In recent years the efficacy of historically successful treatments has been on the decline. As such, a new management strategy for controlling lice infections is a high priority for the salmon farming industry. In this study, we tested the ability of three orally administered immunostimulants to decrease the number of lice successfully infecting Atlantic salmon post-smolts. It was found that the β-glucan (ProVale) fed group actually maintained more sea lice than did the control group (24% increase). However, both the CpG ODN (31–46%) and AllBrew NuPro (11–31%) fed groups showed decreased infection levels when compared to the control group. Histopathological and differential gene expression analyses indicate that localized and systemic inflammatory mechanisms may be transiently altered by these immunostimulatory feeds and may result in increased host resistance to sea lice.ID: S0044848612005327; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0044848612005327; Author: J.M. Covello (a); Author: S.E. Friend (b); Author: S.L. Purcell (a); Author: J.F. Burka (a); Author: R.J.F. Markham (a); Author: A.W. Donkin (c); Author: D.B. Groman (a); Author: M.D. Fast (a, ⁎); Affiliation: Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown PE, Canada C1A 4P3; Affiliation: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794‐5000, USA; Affiliation: Northeast Nutrition Inc., 494 Willow St, Truro NS, Canada B2N 6X8; Keyword: Atlantic salmon; Keyword: Sea lice; Keyword: Lepeophtheirus salmonis; Keyword: CpG ODN; Keyword: β-Glucans; Keyword: Inflammatory response; Number of Pages: 8; Language: English
Applying a kinetic method to an indirect ELISA measuring Ostertagia ostertagi antibodies in milk
No full textIndirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are frequently run as endpoint ELISAs (e-ELISAs). However, kinetic ELISAs (k-ELISAs) have certain advantages over e-ELISAs. The objective of this study was to understand the relationship between e-ELISA and k-ELISA results. Specifically, to determine whether it was possible to run both k-ELISA and e-ELISA on the same plate and establish an appropriate time interval for k-ELISA measurements. A normalization method for k-ELISA slopes (slope ratio) is proposed. Using an indirect e-ELISA test measuring antibodies against Ostertagia ostertagi in milk from dairy cattle, we found that running a k-ELISA had no effect on optical density ratio results of an e-ELISA on the same plate, and that agreement was very strong at 10, 15, and 28 min, allowing for a reduction in the total processing time for ELISA tests
Examination of gills from salmonids with bacterial gill disease using monoclonal antibody probes for Flavobacterium branchiophilum and Cytophaga columnaris
No full textBacterial diseases of the gills of commercially reared salmonids in freshwater are common problems. They accounted for 18% of all diagnostic submissions to the Atlantic Veterinary College from commercial fish hatcheries. Definitive diagnosis is difficult because of the growth characteristics of the putative bacteria in culture. Research into the pathogenesis of these diseases has also been similarly limited. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed to 2 globally significant gill bacterial pathogens, Flavobacterium branchiophilum, the causative agent of bacterial gill disease, and Cytophaga columnaris, the causative agent of columnaris disease of salmonids. These MAbs were then used as the basis for an indirect fluorescent antibody test to assess archived cases of gill disease in our study region. Of the cases tentatively diagnosed based on histopathology as bacterial gill disease, 76.2% tested positively with the MAbs to F. branchiophilum. Also present within 18.7% of these cases were bacteria which reacted positively to the MAbs for C. columnaris. We conclude that the MAbs produced are valuable diagnostic and research probes for common bacterial disease of the gills of salmon and trout in Atlantic Canada. This study also adds further proof that F. branchiophilum acting alone can be sufficient cause for bacterial gill disease.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 9011490; 0 (Antibodies, Monoclonal); ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
[I] The pathology of experimental Corynebacterium equi infection in foals following intrabronchial challenge. [II] The pathology of experimental Corynebacterium equi infection in foals following intragastric challenge
No full textSix foals were inoculated intrabronchially with a suspension of C. equi. Six weeks before this challenge, three foals were vaccinated with a C. equi bacterin. Three foals were unvaccinated controls. All foals developed a severe bronchopneumonia in the inoculated lung, indicating that vaccination was not protective. Three foals (two vaccinated, one control) were killed eight to nine days after infection. One control died on day 9 with lesions of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The remaining two foals (one vaccinated, one control) were killed on day 17. C. equi was cultured in large numbers from affected lung and bronchial lymph nodes, and in smaller numbers from unaffected lung, spleen, and liver in all foals. In the 8- to 9-day-old lung lesions, the alveoli were filled with macrophages, neutrophils, and multinucleate giant cells and most contained many C. equi. The few foci of alveolar necrosis were associated with groups of bacteria-laden degenerating macrophages. In the lesions of 17-day duration, there was extensive parenchymal destruction with little fibrous tissue reaction. Lesions common to both groups included hyperplastic bronchiolitis, pulmonary oedema, and perivascular lymphocytic cuffs and a pyogranulomatous lymhadenitis in bronchial nodes. One vaccinated foal had a microscopic pyogranulomatous colitis. The lesions in the experimentally infected foals are compared with those in naturally infected foals, and the likely pathogenic mechanisms involved in C. equi pneumonia in foals are discussed. The intragastric inoculation of a suspension of Corynebacterium equi on five consecutive days induced severe ulcerative colitis, typhilitis, and lymphadenitis of colonic and caecal nodes in two ponies killed three weeks after infection. No gross lesions were observed in two ponies killed ten days after infection. A single inoculum of equivalent size failed to induce gross lesions in four ponies killed at 10 or 20 days after infection. Microscopic lesions consistent with early C. equi infection of Peyer's patches were seen in two of the ponies killed ten days after infection. Only one small pulmonary abscess occurred in one foal, suggesting that intestinal lesions are not likely to be the usual precursor of pulmonary disease in naturally infected foals. The gross and microscopic lesions in the experimentally infected ponies were typical of the intestinal form of naturally occurring C. equi associated disease in foals..RE: 27 + 26 ref.; SC: ZA; CA; VE; PA; 0V; 0ISource type: Electronic(1) http://upei-resolver.asin-risa.ca?sid=SP:CABI&id=pmid:&id=&issn=0300-9858&isbn=&volume=20&issue=4&spage=440&pages=440-449&date=1983&title=Veterinary%20Pathology&atitle=%5bI%5d%20The%20pathology%20of%20experimental%20Corynebacterium%20equi%20infection%20in%20foals%20following%20intrabronchial%20challenge.%20%5bII%5d%20The%20pathology%20of%20experimental%20Corynebacterium%20equi%20infection%20in%20foals%20following%20intragastric%20challenge.&aulast=Johnson&pid=%3Cauthor%3EJohnson%2c%20J%20A%3bPrescott%2c%20J%20F%3bMarkham%2c%20R%20J%20F%3C%2Fauthor%3E%3CAN%3E19832229853%3C%2FAN%3E%3CDT%3EJournal%20article%3C%2FDT%3
The pathology of experimental Corynebacterium equi infection in foals following intragastric challenge
No full textThe intragastric inoculation of a suspension of Corynebacterium equi on five consecutive days induced severe ulcerative colitis, typhlitis, and lymphadenitis of colonic and cecal nodes in two ponies necropsied three weeks after infection. No gross lesions were observed in two ponies necropsied ten days after infection. A single inoculum of equivalent size failed to induce gross lesions in four ponies killed at ten or 20 days after infection. Microscopic lesions consistent with early C. equi infection of Peyer's patches were seen in two of the ponies killed ten days after infection. Only one small pulmonary abscess occurred in one foal, suggesting that intestinal lesions are not likely the usual precursor of pulmonary disease in naturally infected foals. The gross and microscopic lesions in the experimentally infected ponies were typical of the intestinal form of naturally occurring C. equi associated disease in foals.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 0312020; ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
The pathology of experimental Corynebacterium equi infection in foals following intrabronchial challenge
No full textSix foals were inoculated intrabronchially with a suspension of Corynebacterium equi. Six weeks before this challenge, three foals were vaccinated with a C. equi bacterin. Three foals were unvaccinated controls. All foals developed a severe bronchopneumonia in the inoculated lung, indicating that vaccination was not protective. Three foals (two vaccinated, one control) were killed eight to nine days after infection. One control died on day 9 with lesions of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The remaining two foals (one vaccinated, one control) were killed on day 17. C. equi was cultured in large numbers from affected lung and bronchial lymph nodes, and in smaller numbers from unaffected lung, spleen, and liver in all foals. In the 8- to 9-day-old lung lesions, the alveoli were filled with macrophages, neutrophils, and multinucleate giant cells and most contained numerous C. equi. The few foci of alveolar necrosis were associated with groups of bacteria-laden macrophages undergoing degeneration. In the lesions of 17-day duration, there was extensive parenchymal destruction with little fibrous tissue reaction. Lesions common to both groups included hyperplastic bronchiolitis, pulmonary edema, and perivascular lymphocytic cuffs and a pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in bronchial nodes. One vaccinated foal had a microscopic pyogranulomatous colitis. The lesions in the experimentally infected foals are compared with those in naturally infected foals and discussed in terms of likely pathogenetic mechanisms involved in C. equi pneumonia in foals.LR: 20061115; PUBM: Print; JID: 0312020; ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
In vitro activation of complement by Bacillus subtilis protease correlation with the response of guinea pigs to aerosols of the enzyme
No full textID: 3820Source type: Print(0
Pathogenesis of liver lesions caused by experimental infection with Piscirickettsia salmonis in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L
No full textPiscirickettsia salmonis, the etiologic agent of salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS), or piscirickettsiosis, causes substantial economic losses to the salmon industry. The pathogenesis of the disease has not been fully characterized. The aim of this study is to describe the hepatic lesions associated with experimental P. salmonis infection in Atlantic salmon juveniles. Fish were maintained in fresh water and inoculated intraperitoneally (IP), orally, or on the gill surface with P. salmonis. A group of uninfected fish was kept as control. Liver samples from 5 fish in each inoculated group and 3 controls were collected weekly and processed for histological and immunohistochemical examination. Thickening of the liver capsule by inflammatory cells was a characteristic histologic feature of IP inoculated fish. Three weeks post-IP inoculation, 8 fish had died and 2 fish were sampled. Histological changes at this time consisted of vasculitis, presence of fibrin thrombi, vacuolated hepatocytes and focal areas of necrosis. Leukocytes containing intracytoplasmic basophilic microorganisms were seen within hepatic sinusoids. Vasculitis and intracytoplasmic vacuoles were prominent features in fish inoculated orally and on the gill surface. The presence of P. salmonis within hepatocellular vacuoles, endothelial cells, and leucocytes was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The intracellular location of P. salmonis and the vascular damage seen in infected fish are characteristic of rickettsial infections. Histological lesions induced by experimental infection with P. salmonis using the oral and gill surface routes were similar to those observed in natural outbreaks of piscirickettsiosis. The tropism of P. salmonis for endothelial cells explains the vascular lesions observed in SRS, whereas hepatic lesions are due to ischemic necrosis and direct injury by intracytoplasmic organisms.LR: 20031114; PUBM: Print; JID: 9011490; ppublishSource type: Electronic(1
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