517 research outputs found
) in brassicaceous plants and the effect of glucosinolate profiles
No full textAbstract The cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB), Psylliodes chrysocephala L. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is one of the most important pests in European winter oilseed rape production. Adult beetles feed on young leaves whereas larvae mine within the petioles and stems. Larval infestation can cause significant crop damage. In this study, the host quality for CSFB of four oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars and seven other brassicaceous species with different glucosinolate (GSL) profiles was assessed under controlled conditions. Larval instar weights and mortality were measured after 14 and 21 days of feeding in the petioles of test plants. To study the impact of GSL on the performance of larvae, the GSL contents in petioles from non‐infested and infested plants were analysed before, and 21 days after, the start of larval infestation. Larval performance was not significantly different between the four cultivars of oilseed rape, but differed considerably among the other brassicaceous species tested. In comparison to the weight of larvae in the standard B. napus cv. Robust, the larval weight was higher in turnip rape (Brassica rapa L. var. silvestris) and significantly reduced in white mustard (Sinapis alba L.), oil radish (Raphanus sativa L. var. oleiformis), and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata var. alba). The duration of larval development increased in white mustard and oilseed radish. The GSL profiles of the petioles showed little difference between non‐infested and infested plants of oilseed rape whereas the content of aliphatic GSL increased in the infested turnip rape plants. In contrast, the aliphatic and benzenic GSL decreased in infested Indian rape (B. rapa subsp. dichotoma Roxb.). Larval weight was not correlated with the total GSL content of plants, neither before infestation nor 21 days after. Larval weight was positively correlated with progoitrin and 4‐hydroxyglucobrassicin. White mustard, which provides inferior host quality for larval development, has the potential to introduce insect resistance into high‐yielding oilseed rape cultivars in breeding programmes.In this study, the host quality for cabbage stem flea beetle, Psylliodes chrysocephala (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in four oilseed rape (Brassica napus) cultivars and seven other brassicaceous species with different glucosinolate profiles was assessed under controlled conditions. White mustard, which provides inferior host quality for larval development, has the potential to introduce insect resistance into high‐yielding oilseed rape cultivars in breeding programmes. imag
To Claim or Not to Claim: Estimating Non-take-up of Social Assistance in Germany and the Role of Measurement Error
No full textUsing representative micro data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) for the year 2002, we analyse non-take-up behaviour of Social Assistance (SA) inGermany. According to our simulation as much as 67 percent of the eligible population did not claim SA in that year which is slightly higher than reported in previous work. We particularly emphasize the role of measurement error in estimating non-take-up. First, we consider misspecifications of the simulation model due, e.g., to households claiming to have received SA although not simulated as eligible ("beta-error"). Second, we employ sensitivity analyses revealing the impact of measurement errors in reported household income and wealth as well as in simulated needs. Misreported household incomes appear to have the greatest impact on the estimated non-take-up rates, as shown in Monte-Carlo-type simulations. Regression analysis of the potential determinants of non-take-up behaviour confirm that rational motives - i.e., the expected net utility from claiming - as well as stigma and other barriers play a crucial role in explaining the puzzle of large non-take-up rates of SA.Non-take-up, social assistance, measurement error, microsimulation, SOEP
Phenalenyl-based ligand for transition metal chemistry: Application in Henry reaction
No full textWe report the synthesis and characterization of the first transition metal complex of a phenalenylbased ligand. The reaction of Cu(OAc)2.H2O with 9-N-methylamino-1-N -methylimino-phenalene (LH) in 1:1 stoichiometric ratio results in the formation of a mononuclear copper complex [LCu(OAc)] (1). The molecular structure of 1 was established by X-ray crystallography. The electrochemistry of 1 indicates the formation of an anionic radical by one electron reduction into the non-bonding molecular orbital of the phenalenyl system. The complex 1 efficiently catalyses the C–C bond forming Henry reaction
Phenalenyl-based ligand for transition metal chemistry: Application in Henry reaction
No full textWe report the synthesis and characterization of the first transition metal complex of a phenalenylbased ligand. The reaction of Cu(OAc)2.H2O with 9-N-methylamino-1-N -methylimino-phenalene (LH) in 1:1 stoichiometric ratio results in the formation of a mononuclear copper complex [LCu(OAc)] (1). The molecular structure of 1 was established by X-ray crystallography. The electrochemistry of 1 indicates the formation of an anionic radical by one electron reduction into the non-bonding molecular orbital of the phenalenyl system. The complex 1 efficiently catalyses the C–C bond forming Henry reaction
Analysing complex excitation patterns in cardiac tissue using wave event networks
No full textCardiac dynamics is governed by complex electrical wave patterns, with disruptions leading to pathological conditions like atrial or ventricular fibrillation. Experimentally electrical excitation waves can be made visible by optical mapping using fluorescent dyes. While this imaging technique has enabled detailed studies of cardiac wave dynamics, the manual analysis of activation and phase maps often limits the ability to systematically identify and quantify wave patterns. This study employs a wave tracking algorithm that constructs a graph-based representation of wave dynamics. With that the algorithm detects key events such as wave emergence, splitting, and merging. Applied to both simulated cardiac tissue and experimental data from cell cultures, the algorithm identifies and quantifies wave patterns as wave event networks . Initial results demonstrate its utility in filtering for and focusing on dominant dynamics, providing a robust tool for analyzing cardiac wave patterns. This approach offers potential applications, e.g., to study the effects of external stimuli on cardiac excitation patterns and to better understand the mechanisms involved
Replication Data for: Thürk, Maria "Small in size but powerful in parliament? The legislative performance of minority governments" in Legislative Studies Quarterly.
No full textThe data is based on the ParlGov database (Döring & Manow 2018). Döring, Holger and Philip Manow. 2018. Parliaments and governments database (ParlGov): Information on parties, elections and cabinets in modern democracies. www.parlgov.org
The independent variable "type of minority cabinet" and the dependent variables "government bill success" as well as "government agenda control" have been collected by the author based on national parliament homepages. For further information, please contact the author
Abortion Attitudes (Media Content, User Comments)
No full textThe concept of "abortion attitudes" refers to an individual\u27s or group\u27s beliefs, opinions, and feelings regarding the practice of abortion (Jelen & Wilcox, 2003). Abortion here addresses abortion care in the form of medical (i.e., drug-induced) or surgical termination of an unwanted pregnancy, usually before the fetus is considered viable (i.e., able to survive outside the womb). People\u27s attitudes towards abortion care can vary widely and are influenced by factors such as cultural, religious, moral, and personal beliefs, societal norms and values, as well as personal experiences and media representations (Adamczyk, Kim & Dillon, 2020; Ferree, Gamson, Gerhards & Rucht, 2002). Abortion and abortion attitudes are widely represented in the media, this includes news media, fictional media, and social media (Conti & Cahill, 2017).
Attitudes towards abortion as they are held in the population and represented in the media are polarized and can be categorized broadly as pro-choice versus pro-life (Krolzik-Matthei, 2019):
The pro-choice or pro-abortion attitude focuses on the pregnant woman/person and acknowledges her human rights to life, health and self-determination. Hence, the pro-choice attitude demands access to legal and safe abortions as a reproductive right for all women/persons who seek abortion care as a reproductive health service. The pro-choice position morally accepts abortions and politically favors the legalization of abortions.
The pro-life or anti-abortion attitude focuses on the embryo (weeks 0 to 9 of the pregnancy) or the fetus (from week 10) and acknowledges its right to life. Hence, the pro-life attitude demands complete prohibition or at least heavy restriction of abortions, regardless of the life, health, and self-determination of the pregnant woman/person. The pro-life position morally condemns abortions and politically favors the criminalization of abortions in most or all cases.
These two attitudes often manifest as general principles (or absolutist positions). But they also manifest in various shades of grey (situational positions), with some individuals and media representations supporting abortion under specific circumstances (such as cases of rape, incest, or severe fetal abnormalities) while opposing it in others (Rye & Underhill, 2020).
In the context of ongoing political debates surrounding the legalization or criminalization of abortion (e.g., the overturning of Roe v. Wade in the USA in 2022), measuring attitudes towards abortion in media content remains a relevant and timely research topic, especially when it comes to popular and growing social media platforms such as TikTok (Wu & Byler, 2022).
Field of application/theoretical foundation
One line of research investigates the various values underlying pro-life/pro-abortion and pro-choice/anti-abortion attitudes as represented in different media. This research approach employs theories from religion, moral philosophy, medical history, and/or feminism to extract the distinct arguments, frames, and metaphors used to defend and rationalize pro-choice versus pro-life attitudes (e.g., Brysk & Yang, 2023).
Another line of research examines the associations between media representations of abortion attitudes on the one side and the audience’s attitudes about abortion on the other side (Döring, 2023; Döring & Kubitza, 2023; Pleasure et al., 2023), particularly in the context of pro- or anti-abortion campaigns (e.g., Reidy & Suiter, 2023) and online abortion education (Duggan, 2023). One relevant theory in this field is the social cognitive theory (Bandura 1986, 2009), which explains how media images of abortion can influence the audience’s perceptions of abortions. Additionally, theories of persuasion and education are applicable in this context.
References/combination with other methods of data collection
Manual and automated content analyses of news media, fictional media, social media content, and social media user comments are essential for monitoring the potentially changing prevalence of various abortion attitudes in the public media sphere. These media content analyses can be combined with population surveys to explore associations between published opinion and public opinion on abortion. Furthermore, experimental studies are useful for directly measuring how recipients perceive and evaluate different media representations of abortion attitudes, and whether and how these representations can affect their own attitudes toward abortion.
Example Study for manual content analyses
The example studies by Döring (2023) and Döring and Kubitza (2023) concentrate on the representation of abortion attitudes in German-language YouTube and TikTok videos, as well as the associated viewer comments (see Table 1).
The measures presented were developed for YouTube and TikTok, but they are generic enough to be used across various social media platforms and even mass media channels.
Depending on the research objective, more detailed measures can be developed and added. For examples, measures that cover the different circumstances under which people or media representations are willing to accept abortion as a moral and legal solution (such as in cases of rape, incest, or severe fetal abnormalities). This is relevant because abortion attitudes held by individuals and represented in the media are not always absolutist (i.e., categorical evaluations); sometimes, they are situationist, meaning that the specific conditions of the case play a significant role in the moral evaluation (Rye & Underhill, 2020).
Coding Material
Measure
Operationalization (excerpt)
Reliability
N = 167 top ranked German-language abortion videos on YouTube (n = 75) and TikTok (n = 92)
Type of Social Media Content Creator
Polytomous variable “content creator type” (1: media professional, 2: health professional, 3: political/religious actor, 4: lay person)
n = 117 pretest sample
Cohen’s Kappa = .84
Gwet’s AC1 = .88
Abortion Attitude in Social Media Content
Polytomous variable “abortion attitude represented in YouTube/TikTok video” (1: pro-choice or pro-abortion [video predominantly argues in favor of legalization of abortion and/or the rights of the pregnant person], 2: pro-life or anti-abortion [video predominantly argues in favor of criminalization of abortion and/or the rights of the embryo/fetus], 3: ambivalent [video partly argues in favor of both pro-choice and pro-life positions; e.g., video covers both the attitude of a pro-life and a pro-choice activist], 4: neutral [video neither argues for or against the legalization or criminalization of abortions; e.g., video explains the procedure of surgical termination of an unwanted pregnancy and does not address moral or political evaluations], 5: unclear [the abortion attitude represented in the video remains unclear])
n = 117 pretest sample
Cohen’s Kappa = .66
Gwet’s AC1 = .82
N = 807 most liked on-topic public user comments related to the N = 167 top ranked German-language abortion videos on YouTube (n = 326) and TikTok (n = 481)
Type of Commenting Social Media User
Cannot be identified and coded due to practical and ethical considerations
n.a.
Abortion Attitude in Social Media User Comments
Polytomous variable “abortion attitude represented in YouTube/TikTok user comments” (1: pro-choice / pro-abortion, 2: pro-life / anti-abortion, 3: ambivalent, 4: neutral, 5: unclear). Operationalization of the abortion attitudes in social media comments follows the same scheme used for social media videos (as described above).
n = 300 pretest sample
Cohen’s Kappa = .55
Gwet’s AC1 = .81
References
Adamczyk, A., Kim, C., & Dillon (2020). Examining Public Opinion about Abortion: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review of Research over the Last 15 Years. Sociological Inquiry, 90 (4), 920–954. https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12351
Bandura, A., & National Inst. of Mental Health. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Bandura, A. (2009). Social Cognitive Theory of Mass Communication. In J. Bryant & M. B. Oliver (Eds.), Communication Series. Media Effects: Advances in Theory and Research (3rd ed., 94–124). Routledge.
Brysk, A., & Yang R. (2023). Abortion Rights Attitudes in Europe: Pro-Choice, Pro-Life, or Pro-Nation? Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State & Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/jxac047
Conti, J. A., & Cahill, E. (2017). Abortion in the Media. Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 29 (6), 427–430. https://doi.org/10.1097/GCO.0000000000000412
Döring, N., (2023). Online-Videos zum Schwangerschaftsabbruch: Anbieter, Botschaften und Publikumsreaktionen [Online Videos on Abortion: Creators, Messages, and Audience Reactions]. FORUM Sexualaufklärung und Familienplanung: Informationsdienst der Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA) 1/2023, 41-47. https://doi.org/10.17623/BZgA_SRH:forum_2023-1_beitrag_onlinevideo_schwangerschaftsabbruch [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Döring, N., & Kubitza, E. (2023). „Ich fühlte mich so alleine damit, aber dein Video hat mir geholfen – Der Schwangerschaftsabbruch auf YouTube und TikTok. ["I felt so alone with this, but your video helped me” – The Representation of Abortion on YouTube and TikTok]. merz – medien + erziehung. zeitschrift für medienpädagogik, Online Article. https://www.merz-zeitschrift.de/swipe-des-monats/details/ich-fuehlte-mich-so-alleine-damit-aber-dein-video-hat-mir-geholfen [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Duggan, J. (2023). Using TikTok to Teach about Abortion: Combatting Stigma and Miseducation in the United States and Beyond. Sex Education 23(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/14681811.2022.2028614
Ferree, M.M., Gamson, W.A., Gerhards, J., & Rucht, D. (2002). Shaping Abortion Discourse: Democracy and the Public Sphere in Germany and the United States. Cambridge University Press.
Jelen, T. G., & Wilcox, C. (2003). Causes and Consequences of Public Attitudes Toward Abortion: A Review and Research Agenda. Political Research Quarterly, 56 (4), 489–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290305600410
Krolzik-Matthei, K. (2019). Abtreibungen in der Debatte in Deutschland und Europa [Abortions in the Debate in Germany and Europe]. Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung (Hrsg.), Aus Politik und Zeitgeschichte (APuZ). https://www.bpb.de/shop/zeitschriften/apuz/290793/abtreibungen-in-der-debatte-in-deutschland-und-europa/ [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Pleasure, Z. H., Becker, A., Johnson, D., Broussard, K., & Lindberg, L. (2023). How TikTok is Being Used to Talk About Abortion Post-Roe. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/jy6vx [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Reidy, T., & Suiter, J. (2023). Does Social Media Use Matter? A Case Study of the 2018 Irish Abortion Referendum. Media and Communication, 11 (1), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v11i1.6653
Rye, B.J., & Underhill, A. (2020). Pro-choice and Pro-life Are Not Enough: An Investigation of Abortion Attitudes as a Function of Abortion Prototypes. Sexuality & Culture 24, 1829–1851. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-020-09723-7
Wu, Y. & Byler, D. (2022). What We Found When Analyzing 1,000 Viral TikToks on #Abortion. The Washington Post, 22th October 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/interactive/2022/tiktok-abortion-debate-gen-z/ [Zugriff: 11.10.2023]
Funding: This entry was created as part of a larger research project lead by the author on the representation of sexual and reproductive health issues on social media, led by the author and funded by the Federal Centre for Health Education (BZgA) from 2023 to 2026. The name of the project is EMSA (“Erstes Mal, Menstruation und Schwangerschaftsabbruch in Sozialen Medien” = sexual debut, menstruation, and abortion on social media)
Die schönsten Tierfabeln
No full textHere are 58 fables with sprightly illustrations. The fun begins with the animal cartoons that surround the opening T of C. Even before then, there is a worm crawling on the final N of the book's title on the title-page. Among the best illustrations is one of those for TMCM that shows the two mice napping after enjoying the city-meal (11). Ants are having tea together underneath the stork's chair in FS (17). On 32, the monkey is enjoying nuts while the cat lies with both front paws bandaged! Die neun dummen Wölfe (58) is new to me but presented here as the oldest known fable, known from a clay tablet from Sumeria. Ten wolves draw ten sheep away from the flock. The wolf leader says to his fellow wolves You are nine. Here is one sheep that is yours, and that makes ten. I and nine sheep also make ten. I am distributing fairly, ten to ten. All the wolves clamor their approval, and the leader makes off with the nine sheep. Among the best of these spirited illustrations is that of the dog who falsely accused the lamb and makes off with her wool. We see on 74 a lamb who has only a tuft left on her head and around her middle. Morals are rendered in rhyming verses. The moral of porcupines trying to live together (85) starts with these two lines: Man kommt sich näher,/wenn man Abstand hält…. The crow decked out in others' feathers is another masterpiece (89)! One of the best full-page illustrations presents the two goats arguing on the bridge (99). GA ends with a reconciliation and a personal concert for the ant (109). The six-page overview of the genre at the book's end is well done.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: GermanErzählt von Ursel Scheffle
Klinisch vergleichende Studie zur Zufriedenheit von Patienten mit implantatgetragener Unterkiefer-Totalprothese im Vergleich zur totalprothetischen Versorgung im zahnlosen Unterkiefer
No full textBackground and Objectives To document long-term success or complications in implant treatment of the edentulous mandible in this study patients were evaluated who were treated in the period from 2000 - 2010 in the Dental Clinic of the Friedrich - Alexander University of Erlangen. The aim of this study was specifically to get a statement about the quality of life and patient satisfaction with implant-supported prostheses compared to conventionally worn prostheses. Material and Methods In this study, 56 patients were followed up clinically. 28 patients with a implant supported denture were compared with a reference group of patients with conventional mandibular dentures. In addition to general information on medical history patient data was collected about total number of implants, implant exposure and complications that may have occurred during surgical or prosthetic treatment. By evaluating the panoramic radiograph bone quality and quantity were determined and the bone loss was documented. The peri-implant gingival condition in the passage area of the implants was determined by measuring the Sulcus Fluid Flow Rate (SFFR), the Papilla Bleeding Index (PBI), and the plaque index. Furthermore, an Oral Health Impact profile was created for each patient. Results In summary it can be concluded that the quality of life and satisfaction with the prosthesis after implantation is significantly higher than that of conventional care patients. The mean OHIP score was 18.82 points in implant patients, for the reference group, the mean score was 35.03 points (p = 0.035). The results regarding the parameters studied were similar in women and men. Complications of treatment occurred only very rarely. Conclusion The implant therapy in the edentulous mandible is regarded as an essential component of the restorative treatment that improves the quality of life of affected patients significantly.Hintergrund und Ziele Um langfristige Erfolge oder Komplikationen bei der Implantatversorgung zahnloser Unterkiefer zu dokumentieren, wurden in dieser Studie Daten von Patienten ausgewertet, welche im Zeitraum von 2000 - 2010 in der Zahnklinik der Friedrich - Alexander Universität Erlangen - Nürnberg implantologisch behandelt wurden. Ziel dieser Studie war es im Besonderen, eine Aussage über die Lebensqualität und Zufriedenheit der Patienten im Vergleich von schleimhautgetragenen zu implantatgetragenen Totalprothesen zu erhalten. Material und Methoden In dieser Studie wurden 56 Patienten klinisch nachuntersucht. 28 Patienten mit implantatprothetischer Versorgung wurden mit einer Referenzgruppe von Patienten mit Unterkiefertotalprothese verglichen. Hierbei wurden neben allgemeinen Patientendaten auch Angaben zu Anamnese, Implantat, Implantation, Freilegung, eventuell aufgetretenen Komplikationen und prothetischen Versorgung erfasst. Durch Auswertung der Orthopantogramme wurden Knochenqualität und –quantität sowie der eventuell erfolgte Knochenabbau ermittelt. Der periimplantäre Zustand im gingivalen Durchtrittsbereich der Implantate wurde durch Bestimmung der Sulkusfluidfließrate (SFFR), den Papillenblutungsindex (PBI), und den Plaqueindex bestimmt. Weiterhin wurde ein Oral Health Impact Profil für jeden Patienten erstellt. Ergebnisse Zusammenfassend kann festgestellt werden, dass die Lebensqualität und die Zufriedenheit mit dem Zahnersatz nach der Implantation deutlich höher liegt als die von konventionell versorgten Patienten. Der mittlere OHIP Punktwert lag bei Implantatpatienten bei 18,82 Punkten, bei der Referenzgruppe wurde lag der mittlere Punktwert bei 35,03 Punkten (p= 0,035). Die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der untersuchten Parameter waren bei Frauen und Männern ähnlich. Komplikationen bei der Behandlung traten nur sehr selten auf. Praktische Schlussfolgerung Die Implantatinsertion im zahnlosen Unterkiefer ist als ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der restaurativen Therapiemöglichkeit anzusehen, der die Lebensqualität betroffener Patienten deutlich verbessert
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