325 research outputs found
sj-pdf-1-ine-10.1177_15910199221110971 - Supplemental material for Management strategies of unanticipated intracranial stenosis during mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke: A survey of academic neurointerventionalists
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-ine-10.1177_15910199221110971 for Management strategies of unanticipated intracranial stenosis during mechanical thrombectomy for acute stroke: A survey of academic neurointerventionalists by Tyler T Lazaro, Alex N Hoang, Patrick C Cotton, Huy Q Dang and
Omar Tanweer, Daniel M S Raper in Interventional Neuroradiology</p
Begonia minhaniae T. S. Hoang & C. W. Lin. A, B. Habit 2022, sp. nov.
No full textBegonia minhaniae T.S.Hoang & C.W.Lin, sp. nov. § Platycentrum (Figs. 2 & 3) Type:— VIETNAM: Yen Bai province, Van Tran District, 21.707777N, 104.341748E, 512 m elevation, 22 July 2021, flowers and fruits, Hoang Thanh Son 8754 (Holotype VAFS; Isotypes VNMN). Monoecious rhizomatous herb. Rhizome stout, reddish-brown, 3–5 cm or longer, 5−7 mm thick, internodes 2−7 mm long, sparsely pale brown tomentose. Stipules often caducous, yellow tinged crimson, triangular to very widely ovate-triangular, 4–6 × 3–7 mm, herbaceous, keeled, glabrous or abaxially sparsely tomentose, margin ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded and mucronate. Leaves alternate, petiole terete, brownish-red to crimson, 4−10 cm long, 2−4.5 mm diameter, densely subappressed yellowish-brown tomentose; leaf blade asymmetric, oblique, widely ovate, 8.5−12.5 × 6–9.5 cm, broad side 3.6–5.5 cm wide, basal lobes cordate, 1.6–3 cm long, apex acute to acuminate, margin subentire to crenulate with a line of red puberulous hairs; leaf chartaceous, succulent, adaxially lime green, glabrous; abaxially pale green, glabrous except on veins; venation basally ca. 7 palmate, veins green adaxially, yellowish-green and sparsely red puberulous abaxially; midrib distinct, ca. 2 secondary veins on each side, other primary veins branching dichotomously or nearly so, tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, bisexual, cymose arising directly from rhizome, ca. 2 orders of branching; peduncle reddish-green to crimson, ca. 10 cm long, sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose. Bracts caducous, yellowish-red to pale brown, at basal node of inflorescence ovate, ca. 4 × 2 mm, abaxially sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose or glabrous, margin ciliate; bracts of upper inflorescence similar but smaller. Staminate flower: pedicel yellowish-red, ca. 2 cm long, very sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose, tepals 4, pink, outer 2 orbicular to very widely ovate, ca. 1 cm across, adaxially very sparsely puberulous or glabrous, margin entire, apex rounded, inner 2 elliptic, ca. 10 × 6 mm, glabrous, apex rounded; androecium zygomorphic, ca. 3.5 mm across; stamens golden yellow, ca. 15; filaments ca. 2 mm long, fused at base; anthers obovate, ca. 1.5 mm long, 2-locular, apex slightly retuse. Pistillate flower (immature): pedicel ca. 5 mm long with a pairs alternate bracteoles ca. 2 × 1 mm, ciliate; sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose, tepals 3, pink, outer 2 orbicular, ca. 8 mm across, subglabrous; inner 1 obovate, ca. 7 × 2.5 mm; ovary trigonous-ellipsoid, ca. 5 × 2.5 mm; 3-winged, wings unequal, ca. 6 mm long, lateral wings narrower, narrowly triangular, abaxial wing triangular, margin entire, glabrous or sparsely tomentose; ovary 3-locular, placenta bilamellate; styles 3, fused at base, yellow, U-shaped, stigma spirally twisted. Capsule trigonousellipsoid, ca. 9 mm long, 6 mm thick (wings excluded), reddish-green when fresh; wings unequal, ca. 11 mm long, lateral wings ca. 2 mm wide, abaxial wing triangular, ca. 5 mm wide. Distribution and ecology:— Begonia minhaniae is only known from the type locality in Van Tran District. It grows on moist cliff faces in shady lower primary evergreen broad-leaved forests, elevation ca. 512 m. Etymology:— The species is named in honor of Ms. Minh An Hoang, the second daughter of the first author. She is always the first author’s motivation to research and find new species. Conservation status:— We assess B. minhaniae to be Endangered based on criteria ENC2a(i) (IUCN 2022). This species has only four known populations in one single location with the number of mature individuals being less than 100, all of the populations were in areas which have no formal legal protection (its distribution overlapping the Mu Cang Chai Protection Forest, but it is not included on any national protected areas system). In the areas, the most prominent threat to the new species is deforestation, along with other human activities such as such as farming from around the habitat, which means it is prone to the risk of extinction due to chance events. Notes:— Like Begonia phouchomvoyensis Lanors., Lamxay & Souvann. (Lanorsavanh et al., 2020), this new species belongs to sect. Platycentrum. The two share several characters including rhizomatous habit, hairy petioles and abaxial lamina, 4-tepaled staminate flowers, pistillate flowers with 3 tepals and ovary 3 locules, but the new species can be distinguished by its stipule margin ciliate (vs. entire), the petiole densely subappressed yellowish-brown tomentose (vs. red villous), the leaf is glabrous on the adaxial surface (vs. strigose), the peduncle sparsely yellowish-brown tomentose (vs. red villous) and pedicel of pistillate flowers with two bracteoles (vs. bracteoles absent). A comparison of B. minhaniae and B. phouchomvoyensis is presented in Table 1. The character of pistillate flowers with unequal 3 tepals is uncommon in sect. Platycentrum, shared between B. phouchomvoyensis and B. minhaniae.Published as part of HOANG, THANH SON & LIN, CHE-WEI, 2022, Two new species, Begonia minhaniae and B. dieuanhiae (sect. Platycentrum, Begoniaceae), from northwestern Vietnam, pp. 87-96 in Phytotaxa 572 (1) on pages 87-88, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/730569
T Cell responses to whole SARS Coronavirus in humans
No full textEffective vaccines should confer long-term protection against future outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a novel zoonotic coronavirus (SARS-CoV) with unknown animal reservoirs. We conducted a cohort study examining multiple parameters of immune responses to SARS-CoV infection, aiming to identify the immune correlates of protection. We used a matrix of overlapping peptides spanning whole SARS-CoV proteome to determine T cell responses from 128 SARS convalescent samples by ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT assays. Approximately 50% of convalescent SARS patients were positive for T cell responses, and 90% possessed strongly neutralizing Abs. Fifty-five novel T cell epitopes were identified, with spike protein dominating total T cell responses. CD8+ T cell responses were more frequent and of a greater magnitude than CD4+ T cell responses (p < 0.001).
Polychromatic cytometry analysis indicated that the virus-specific T cells from the severe group tended to be a central memory phenotype (CD27+/CD45RO+) with a significantly higher frequency of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, and CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and CD107a (degranulation), as compared with the mild-moderate group. Strong T cell responses correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with higher neutralizing Ab. The serum cytokine profile during acute infection indicated a significant elevation of innate immune responses. Increased Th2 cytokines were observed in patients with fatal infection. Our study provides a roadmap for the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV and types of immune responses that may be responsible for the virus clearance, and should serve as a benchmark for SARS-CoV vaccine design and evaluation
Mutational processes contributing to the development of multiple myeloma
No full textTo gain insight into multiple myeloma (MM) tumorigenesis, we analyzed the mutational signatures in 874 whole-exome and 850 whole-genome data from the CoMMpass Study. We identified that coding and non-coding regions are differentially dominated by distinct single-nucleotide variant (SNV) mutational signatures, as well as five de novo structural rearrangement signatures. Mutational signatures reflective of different principle mutational processes-aging, defective DNA repair, and apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC)/activation-induced deaminase activity-characterize MM. These mutational signatures show evidence of subgroup specificity-APOBEC-attributed signatures associated with MAF translocation t(14;16) and t(14;20) MM; potentially DNA repair deficiency with t(11;14) and t(4;14); and aging with hyperdiploidy. Mutational signatures beyond that associated with APOBEC are independent of established prognostic markers and appear to have relevance to predicting high-risk MM
Selection of antibiotics in detection procedure of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in vegetables
No full textBreakup of confined droplets in microfluidics
No full textSegmented-flow microreactors have emerged as an attractive tool for fine chemical synthesis and (bio)chemical analysis, owing to their high heat and mass transfer rate, low axial dispersion, as well as rapid mixing. A key challenge for the use of segmented-flow microreactors in large-scale processing is their low throughput. This can be overcome by applying the concept of numbering-up in which several microreactors are placed and operated in parallel. A challenging aspect of this approach is to distribute segmented flows over those parallel microreactors with a high uniformity in the size and the speed of the fluid compartments. In this thesis, we propose to use a bubble-splitting distributor where a single stream of fluid compartments is recursively split into smaller ones via a series of T-junctions. We first investigate the fundamental physics of the breakup of droplets in a single T-junction using CFD simulations. Being able to explain the mechanism of the droplet breakup leads us to a more applied question, how to design a bubble/droplet distributor and what are the optimum operating conditions. We present theoretical and experimental analyses of the uniformity of the distribution of bubbles/droplets using the proposed distributor and provide guidelines to operate it for different flow conditions. The thesis ends with a discussion on how some of our main findings can be generalized and opportunities for future research.Chemical EngineeringApplied Science
Breakup of elongated droplets in microfluidic T-junctions
No full textWe show experimentally, and explain theoretically, what velocity is needed to break an elongated droplet entering a microfluidic T-junction. Our experiments on short droplets confirm previous experimental and theoretical work that shows that the critical velocity for breakup scales with the inverse of the length of the droplet raised to the fifth power. For long elongated droplets that have a length about thrice the channel width, we reveal a drastically different scaling. Taking into account that a long droplet remains squeezed between the channel walls when it enters a T-junction, such that the gutters in the corners of the channel are the main route for the continuous phase to flow around the droplet, we developed a model that explains that the critical velocity for breakup is inversely proportional to the droplet length. This model for the transition between breaking and nonbreaking droplets is in excellent agreement with our experiments.ChemE/Transport PhenomenaChemE/Chemical EngineeringChemE/Product and Process Engineerin
Dynamics of droplet breakup in a T-junction
No full textThe breakup of droplets due to creeping motion in a confined microchannel geometry is studied using three-dimensional numerical simulations. Analogously to unconfined droplets, there exist two distinct breakup phases: (i) a quasi-steady droplet deformation driven by the externally applied flow; and (ii) a surface-tension-driven three-dimensional rapid pinching that is independent of the externally applied flow. In the first phase, the droplet relaxes back to its original shape if the externally applied flow stops; if the second phase is reached, the droplet will always break. Also analogously to unconfined droplets, there exist two distinct critical conditions: (i) one that determines whether the droplet reaches the second phase and breaks, or it reaches a steady shape and does not break; and (ii) one that determines when the rapid autonomous pinching starts. We analyse the second phase using stop–flow simulations, which reveal that the mechanism responsible for the autonomous breakup is similar to the end-pinching mechanism for unconfined droplets reported in the literature: the rapid pinching starts when, in the channel mid-plane, the curvature at the neck becomes larger than the curvature everywhere else. The same critical condition is observed in simulations in which we do not stop the flow: the breakup dynamics and the neck thickness corresponding to the crossover of curvatures are similar in both cases. This critical neck thickness depends strongly on the aspect ratio, and, unlike unconfined flows, depends only weakly on the capillary number and the viscosity contrast between the fluids inside and outside the droplet.Chemical EngineeringApplied Science
The Need For Academic Reform In Vietnamese Higher Education (VHE) To Align With Employers’ Expectations
No full textThe effort to comprehensively reform Vietnamese higher education (VHE) in order to produce an educated workforce better able to contribute to economic development is a major concern not only of educators and the Vietnamese government but also of employers, workers, and the general populace.
Successful implementation of VHE’s “Vision 2020” relies on legal change together with macro-policies to support these educational initiatives. For the purposes of this study, however, the author focused on the current state of VHE in providing employable graduates to meet the needs of Vietnam’s knowledge economy in the 21st century. In particular, through an analysis of the advanced training programs (ATPs), the author argues that the wider use and expansion of ATPs is the key to the academic reform necessary to meet the expectations of Vietnamese employers in the 21st century
Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for dengue shock syndrome at MICB and PLCE1.
No full textHypovolemic shock (dengue shock syndrome (DSS)) is the most common life-threatening complication of dengue. We conducted a genome-wide association study of 2,008 pediatric cases treated for DSS and 2,018 controls from Vietnam. Replication of the most significantly associated markers was carried out in an independent Vietnamese sample of 1,737 cases and 2,934 controls. SNPs at two loci showed genome-wide significant association with DSS. We identified a susceptibility locus at MICB (major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I polypeptide-related sequence B), which was within the broad MHC region on chromosome 6 but outside the class I and class II HLA loci (rs3132468, P(meta) = 4.41 × 10(-11), per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 1.34 (95% confidence interval: 1.23-1.46)). We identified associated variants within PLCE1 (phospholipase C, epsilon 1) on chromosome 10 (rs3765524, P(meta) = 3.08 × 10(-10), per-allele OR = 0.80 (95% confidence interval: 0.75-0.86)). We identify two loci associated with susceptibility to DSS in people with dengue, suggesting possible mechanisms for this severe complication of dengue
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