1,721,028 research outputs found
BMC Psychology
No full textMC Psychology journal considers manuscripts on all aspects of psychology, human behavior and the mind, including developmental, clinical, cognitive, experimental, health and social psychology, as well as personality and individual differences
PLOS ONE
No full textPLOS ONE is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary journal publishing research in over two hundred subject areas across science, engineering, medicine, and the related social sciences and humanities. We evaluate submitted manuscripts on the basis of methodological rigor and high ethical standards, regardless of perceived novelty
La modulazione della codifica degli stimoli in funzione della risposta e dell’esperienza: uno studio comportamentale
No full textDurante un incontro pugilistico, i due pugili devono codificare una gran numero di informazioni in modo da prendere la decisione più adeguata per rispondere ai colpi dell’avversario.
In questo studio abbiamo analizzato i meccanismi pre-attentivi alla base delle abilità degli atleti di pugilato nel reagire ai colpi dell’avversario.
Pugili esperti, pugili novizi e persone senza esperienza di pugilato hanno preso parte ad un compito Simon modificato ad–hoc.
Il compito dei partecipanti è stato quello di rispondere alla vista del colore dei guantoni da pugilato (rosso o blu) indossati da un atleta in posizione di attacco premendo dei pulsanti posti ai lati degli stimoli. I risultati hanno suggerito come i processi di simulazione mentale possano avere un ruolo significativo nella pianificazione delle risposte ad eventi critici.
Si sono verificate inoltre variazioni e modulazioni a seconda dell’esperienza/competenza dei soggetti. Le risposte date dai pugili meno esperti e dai non pugili sembrano simulare azioni di difesa (pugno sinistra - mano destra, pugno destra - mano sinistra).
Le risposte dei pugili esperti sembrano invece simulare azioni di contrattacco (pugno destro - mano destra, pugno sinistra - mano sinistra), impiegano un tempo statisticamente più lungo rispetto agli altri due gruppi. I dati sembrano suggerire che al crescere dell’esperienza si utilizzi più tempo per mettere in atto meccanismi di risposta basati sulla funzionalità finale della risposta motoria, che, nel pugilato, è colpire l’avversario dalla parte scoperta da difesa
L'apprendimento per imitazione, modelli generale e specificita'
No full textImitare i gesti altrui è un lavoro complesso, governato da specifici meccanismi cognitivi. Alcuni dei modelli nel corso degli anni hanno ottenuto i risultati più apprezzabili nello spiegare i processi sottostanti all'imitazione. Pochissimi studi sono stati condotti, ma ciò che emerge è che il confronto tra schemi corporei può mettere ulteriore ordine all'interno del piano lungo il quale le teorie imitative possono essere collocate
Un contributo alla validazione italiana delle Motivations of Marathoners Scales
No full textIl presente lavoro riporta il risultato del processo di traduzione in Italiano del questionario Motivations of
Marathons Scales (Masters, Ogles, & Jolton, 1993). La traduzione fu preparata seguendo le linee guida
per la traduzione e l’adattamento transculturale di misure psicometriche auto-somministrate e pubblicata
sul web tramite la piattaforma Google Moduli in modo da raccogliere dati anonimi. Al questionario hanno
risposto 1091 atleti. Per poter essere inclusi nello studio ogni partecipante
doveva dichiarare di aver corso almeno una maratona competitiva nella sua carriera.
Nonostante l’impossibilità di valutare l’affidabilità nel tempo delle risposte (i.e., test-retest), i risultati indi-
cano un buon livello di coerenza interna ( = .95) e che la traduzione delle nove scale fattoriali originali ha
prodotto livelli di adeguatezza simili ai valori riportati nel lavoro originario.The present work describes the results of the process of translation we performed over the questionnaire
Motivations of Marathons Scales (Masters et al., 1993). The translation from the original English form to
the Italian version was achieved following the guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation of
psychometric self-administered measures.
Once translated, the questionnaire was published on the web via the Google platform Modules to collect
anonymous data. The respondents declared to be 1030 marathon runners. Notwithstanding the impossibility
to evaluate test-retest reliability, results indicated that the translated form of the questionnaire has good
internal consistency ( = .95) and that the nine original scales showed levels of fitness that correspond to the
ones reported in the original work
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
No full textPhysical activity and sport are essential for psychological and cognitive wellbeing, as testified by the WHO. Growing evidence suggests that physical exercise improves brain functions such as attention, memory, and decision-making. While these benefits are well established, the field is still growing, and the exact mechanisms behind the psychological benefits are still under investigation.
This Special Issue is devoted to publishing recent findings on the enhancement of psychological and cognitive functions promoted by physical activity and sport and aims to gather new knowledge on the benefits of physical activity for the neurocognitive system from childhood to older age, in relation to both professional performance and leisure activities.
We call for contributions discussing the effects of acute and/or chronic exercise on cognitive functions, the effects of traditional and alternative forms of exercise on cognitive functioning along human lifespan, and how specific sport disciplines may improve (e.g., cognitive expertise) or interfere with (e.g., effect of multiple micro-concussions) cognitive abilities in athletes and amateur sport participants.
We invite investigators to contribute original research articles as well as review articles that will stimulate continuing efforts to better understand the effects of physical activity and sport on cognitive and psychological functioning
Psychological Traits as predictors of judgements about food
No full textFood is considered a highly significant element for survival and, as a consequence, it is widely used as a stimulus in studies that intend to investigate the processes that are fundamental to human behavior (Lloyd et al,2020; Rangel,2013). In this study, participants were first given a questionnaire for evaluating traits commonly associated with Anorexia and Bulimia, EDI-3 (Garner et al., 1983; Garner et al., 1991; Garner et al., 2004; Giannini et al., 2018) and subsequently were asked to rate food images on 5 different dimensions: Valence (e.g., “How positive / negative would you define the food represented in the image?), Arousal (e.g.,” How much are the sensations you get when looking at the food in the image intense? “), Palatability (e.g.,”How palatable is the food represented in the image for you? “), Healthiness (e.g., "How healthy would you define the food represented in the image?") and Social interaction (e.g.,” How much would you share the food represented in the image? with another person? “). Preliminary data show significantly different evaluations depending on the score obtained at EDI-3.
In general, the goal is to obtain a database of food stimuli validated for experimental research aimed at investigating, for example, the relationship between body representation and food stimuli in healthy participants and with traits attributable to Eating Disorders
Active mobility and mental health: A scoping review towards a healthier world
Get PDFResearch has proven that engaging in active mobility (AM), namely walking and cycling for transportation, significantly enhances physical activity levels, leading to better physical health. It is still unclear whether AM could also offer any mental health benefits. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current knowledge on the relationship between AM and mental health, given its crucial role in public health. The authors searched online databases to isolate primary studies written in English involving an adult sample (16 or over). AM was the exposure factor. Many mental health elements were included as outcomes (depression, anxiety, self-esteem, self-efficacy, stress, psychological and subjective well-being, resilience, loneliness and social support, quality of life, mood, life satisfaction and sleep). The results were organised in a narrative summary per each outcome selected, graphical syntheses and an overview of gaps to be further examined. The authors identified a total of 55 papers as relevant. The results show inconsistency in study designs, definition and operationalisation of the variables, approach and methodologies used. A cross-sectional design was the dominant choice, primarily examining data from national public health surveys. Nonetheless, there has been improvement in outcomes of interests, initially mainly the quality of life and affect. Lately, authors have focused on a broader range of mental health-related factors (such as travel satisfaction). The experimental studies showed promising mental health improvements in those who used active modes more than those who used motorised vehicles. It creates a rationale for further research towards implementing a unified theoretical and methodological framework to study the link between AM and mental health. The ultimate goal is to generate solid conclusions that could support building societies and cities through public health promotion and sustainable strategies, like walking and cycling as a means of transport
WHAT MODULATES THE ACHIEVEMENT IN AN IN-FERENTIAL, VISUO-SPATIAL ENVIRONMENT
No full textIn inferential environments, people make decisions on the base of outcomes predictions: the more they become ac- quainted, the more the levels of confidence increase. At the moment, the role of psychological traits or superior cognitive functions is still unclear. Through a novel visuo- spatial decision-making task we begin to disentangle the role of these factors: due to the stocastic nature of the task, we assumed that personality traits affect achieve- ments more than intelligence. Forty-two healthy partici- pants performed a visuo-spatial decision-making task de- manding for profit maximization, and responded to Raven- APM, EPQr and STAI tests. No effects of anxiety or personality emerged. Only Raven guided task performance: par- ticipants with higher score maximized their responses more than who showed lower, but still within normality, score. However, this emerged only within a variability threshold. The present experiment formalizes how envi-ronmental variability constrains the role of intelligence in extracting information from a visuo-spatial inferential task
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