45 research outputs found
New data on psychological traits and sleep profiles of patients affected by nocturnal eating
No full textAbstract not availablePiergiuseppe Vinai, Raffaele Ferri, Matteo Anelli, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Marco Zucconi, Alessandro Oldani, Mauro Mancon
sj-docx-1-urj-10.1177_03915603231181619 – Supplemental material for Clinical and pathological predictors of persistent T1 HG at second resection
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-urj-10.1177_03915603231181619 for Clinical and pathological predictors of persistent T1 HG at second resection by Andrea Gobbo, Vittorio Fasulo, Roberto Contieri, Alessandro Uleri, Pier Paolo Avolio, Nicola Frego, Giovanni Lughezzani, Cesare Saitta, Gianluigi Taverna, Matteo Zanoni, Stefano Mancon, Piergiuseppe Colombo, Marina Valeri, Alberto Saita, Massimo Lazzeri, Nicolò M Buffi, Rodolfo Hurle and Paolo Casale in Urologia Journal</p
The Global Threats from Naturally Occurring Infectious Diseases
No full textBiological risk relates to a broad spectrum of possible scenarios, that can be classified in three categories: natural occurring, unintended and deliberate. The prevention and management of such events require dedicated measures at national and international level, in terms of biosafety and biosecurity: an optimized intervention can minimize the probability of occurrence, but also adverse short-term (i.e.: number of casualties, population reaction...) and long-term (i.e.: chronic illnesses, ecological changes, trades drop...) consequences. Natural scenarios include common, emerging/re-emerging and chronic infectious diseases: they are caused by biological agents, which can be normally present in the communities, as acute or chronic pathologies, or suddenly appear, causing new or uncommon syndromes. In particular, a lot of environmental and human factors can influence emerging and re-emerging diseases: for example, urbanization and people mobility facilitate microorganisms spread, while climate changes are likely to induce a relocation of pathogens vectors. Unintended events are usually due to research and diagnostic activities: laboratories are the places where biological agents are handled and a lack in Biosafety measures or negligence can result in accidental release; the so called Laboratory Acquired Infections represent the main consequence, since they cause pathologies in the laboratory workers, but could be also transmitted in the population. Deliberate use of biological agents is strictly related to terroristic activities: microorganisms are very suitable for this purpose, since they are hidden and can easily spread. The present chapter summarizes the main characteristics of biological agents related events, taking in account their origin and the principal consequences on the community
Multidrug-resistant HIV viral rebound during early syphilis: a case report
No full textBackground Syphilis has been associated with an increase in HIV RNA and a temporary decline in CD4 T cell counts in people living with HIV who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), and may be associated with a transient HIV RNA rebound in those who are receiving ART. Our case is the first to highlight the risk of a multidrug-resistant HIV viral rebound during the course of early syphilis even if antiretroviral drug concentrations are within the therapeutic range. Case presentation This 50-year-old HIV-1-positive male patient with concomitant early syphilis presented with an HIV RNA rebound (8908 copies/mL) during a scheduled visit to our clinic. He was receiving a stable ART regimen consisting of darunavir/cobicistat plus dolutegravir, and had a 15-year history of viral suppression. Good short-term drug adherence could be inferred as liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry showed that his trough antiretroviral drug concentrations were within the therapeutic range: darunavir 2353 ng/mL (minimum effective concentration > 500 ng/mL) and dolutegravir 986 ng/mL (minimum effective concentration > 100 ng/mL). A plasma RNA genotype resistance test revealed wild-type virus in the integrase region and protease region (PR), but extensive resistance in the reverse transcriptase (RT) region (M41L, E44D, D67N, K70R, M184V, L210W and T215Y). Phylogenetic analysis of next-generation sequences (used to investigate the presence of minor viral variants), the PR and RT sequences from plasma HIV RNA and pro-viral DNA extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the viral rebound, and a Sanger sequence obtained during a previous virological failure suggested clonal viral expression because the previous PR resistance mutations had been lost or had not been archived in pro-viral DNA. Conclusions This case shows that early syphilis may cause an HIV RNA rebound in patients under stable virological control with the potential of transmitting an extensively drug-resistant virus
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in the Liquid Phase: Are Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Percarbonate Efficient Decontamination Agents?
No full textA diluted 3% w/w hydrogen peroxide solution acidified to pH 2.5 by adding citric acid inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus by more than 4 orders of magnitude in 5 min. After a contact time of 15 min, no viral replication was detected. Aqueous solutions of sodium percarbonate inactivated coronavirus by >3 log10 diminution in 15 min. Conversely, H2O2 solutions with no additives displayed a scarce virucidal activity (1.1 log10 diminution in 5 min), confirming that a pH-modifying ingredient is necessary to have a H2O2-based disinfectant active against the novel coronavirus
Monkeypox Virus Neutralizing Antibodies at Six Months from Mpox Infection: Virologic Factors Associated with Poor Immunologic Response
No full textA natural monkeypox virus infection may not induce sufficient neutralizing antibody responses in a subset of healthy individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate monkeypox virus-neutralizing antibodies six months after infection and to assess the virological factors predictive of a poor immunological response. Antibodies were assessed using a plaque reduction neutralization test at six months from mpox infection; mpox cutaneous, oropharyngeal, and anal swabs, semen, and plasma samples were tested during infection. Overall, 95 people were included in the study; all developed detectable antibodies. People who were positive for the monkeypox virus for more days had higher levels of antibodies when considering all tested samples (p = 0.029) and all swabs (p = 0.005). Mpox cycle threshold values were not predictive of antibody titers. This study found that the overall days of monkeypox virus detection in the body, irrespective of the viral loads, were directly correlated with monkeypox virus neutralizing antibodies at six months after infection
Addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to a ‘quadrifecta’ composite in radical cystectomy
No full textObjectives To evaluate the impact of incorporating neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) into the 'quadrifecta' outcomes composite for reporting outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC) creating a pentafecta score. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective multicentre analysis of patients treated with RC, with or without NAC, for bladder cancer between 2002 and 2023. The primary outcome was the effect of adding NAC to a quadrifecta outcomes composite on cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS). The quadrifecta outcomes composite included a yield of >= 16 lymph nodes, negative soft tissue surgical margin, absence of major complication within 30 days from surgery, and no delay in RC. Results A total of 590 patients were included in the analyses. A total of 233 (39.5%) patients achieved all quadrifecta outcomes and 82 (13.9%) patients were additionally treated with NAC, achieving the pentafecta. Achieving the quadrifecta outcomes composite was significantly associated with better CSS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32-0.75; P = 0.001) and OS (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.34-0.69; P < 0.01). The addition of NAC to the quadrifecta composite outcomes significantly improved the discrimination of patients more likely to have better CSS (HR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08-0.57; P = 0.002) and OS (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.12-0.55; P < 0.01). Conclusion We propose a new pentafecta that may serve as a tool for standardising outcomes reporting and measuring the quality of RC
First Identification of the New Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529) in Italy
No full textWe identified the first case in Italy of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.529 variant, using whole-genome sequencing in an Italian subject traveling from Mozambique. Specific mutation profiles deserve further investigations to clarify potential effects on vaccination efficacy. This case highlights the crucial role of rapid and continuous surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variant circulation
What was behind the first recognition and characterization of autochthonous SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in Italy: The impact on European scenario
No full textAbstract An Italian male with no link to China Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) epidemic presented at Emergency Room (ER) with severe respiratory impairment. The RT‐PCR on 20 February 2020, nasopharyngeal swab revealed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, confirmed with viral culture and sequencing. This was the first identified autochthonous SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in Italy, that unveiled global pathogen diffusion. This clinical case highlights an underestimation of SARS‐CoV‐2 circulation, making initial containment measures unfit to face the real situation and delaying the management of potentially affected SARS‐CoV‐2 patients
Oropouche fever diagnosed in Milan, Italy in returning travellers from Rio de Janeiro, March 2024, and Cuba, July 2024
No full textWe describe two cases of Oropouche fever in travellers from Brazil, late March 2024, and from Cuba, July 2024. The Oropouche virus was carried outside the Americas before the Cuba outbreak, requiring screening in febrile travellers from Latin America. Studies on possible vectors and reservoirs in new areas should be implemented
