180 research outputs found
Chemical outbreak for tobacco mosaic virus control
No full textTobacco mosaic virus (TMV) represents a paradigm in virology, and its control may open the way to effective treatment against phytoviruses. However, the use of chemicals to eliminate the virus from infected plants is very difficult. In this state of the art survey we include trials on a) natural compounds derived from organisms, b) synthetic compounds and c) plant or microorganism extracts, from 2006 to 2015. Plants have been the main source of natural products for anti-TMV tests in the last ten years, and Nicotiana tabacum was the main focus of research, particularly between 2014-2015. Since 2012, there has been a great increase in publications (+45%) and identified compounds (+241%). Between 2012-2015, an average of 31 papers were published and 140 compounds were tested each year, compared to 9 papers and 26 compounds in 2006-2011. Unfortunately, there is little information on the action mechanisms of newly discovered or modified compounds. Cross references to the basic structure of compounds is provided in this review. This chemical outbreak this massive interest in chemical solutions to TMV could be due to the increasing availability of instruments for the analysis of organic compounds. Alternatively Another explanation could be that the chemistry advances in synthesis, which have provided countless drugs with potential benefits for TMV control, have overwhelmed overloaded the plant pathology screening needed to discriminate between compounds and to provide useful agrochemicals for farmers
ASO Author Reflections: Hepatopancreatoduodenectomy: Why, When, and How?
No full textHepatopancreatoduodenectomy: Why, When, and How
Corps hors-codes / 23 et 24 septembre 2016 / Actes
No full textCorps hors-codes : dialectiques multiples entre pratiques dansées et techniques corporelles Actes dirigés par Camille Casale, Bruno Ligore, Bianca Maurmayr et Alessandra Sini, équipe de l’Atelier des doctorants. Textes de Pauline Boivineau, Krizia Bonaudo, Carole Brandon, Julie De Bellis, Marion Fournier, Oriane Maubert, Karine Montabord, Andrea Luigi Sagni, Cléo Scozzesi et Laureline Gelas, Francesca Beatrice Vista, doctorants & jeunes docteurs. • Télécharger les actes (publiés en janvier 2..
Detection of grapevine yellows symptoms in Vitis vinifera L. with artificial intelligence
No full textRoutinary fluconazole prophylaxis in VLBW neonates: Is a right choise?
No full textThis is a retrospective cohort study with the aim of evaluating fluconazole efficacy in preventing invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight newborns, in our NICU setting. Neonates weighing less than 1500g at birth, born between January 2013 and Decem-ber 2014, were enrolled in the study. The primary aim was to assess the prevalence of fungal infections. The secondary aim was to identify newborns with a higher risk of invasive fungal infections as well as the incidence of complications after invasive fungal infection. 59 newborns were included in the study. Routine fluconazole prophylaxis at the dose of 3mg/kg i.v. every 72 hours was administered to 47/59 (79,7%). The overall pro-portion of invasive fungal infections was 17%, with no significant difference between neonates who underwent fluconazole prophylaxis (19,1%) and those who did not (8,3%) (p = 0,4). Candida parapsilosis was the most common isolated strain (90%). Lower gestational age, lower birth weight, surgery interventions and delayed initiation of enteral feeding were associated with invasive fungal infections. All septic newborns developed complications: bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopa-thy of prematurity and periventricular leukomalacia. None died due to Candida infec-tion. Our findings do not appear to support routine fluconazole prophylaxis in very-low-birth-weight infants
Left atrial anomalous muscular band as incidental finding during video-assisted mitral surgery
No full textCongenital fibromuscular bands have been described inleft ventricle or right atrium and have been diagnosed by echocardiography and CT scan. The first report of anomalous band in the left atrium was described in 1897 by Rollestone (1). We hereby present a case of a patient with an incidental finding of left atrial band during a minimally invasive mitral surgery procedure
Effect of the Synthesis Parameters on the DC Resistance of Graphite Nanoplatelets Thick Films
No full textASO Author Reflections: Transdiaphragmatic Approach for Simultaneous Resection of Colorectal Liver and Lung Metastases
No full textSimultaneous resection of colorectal cancer, liver and lung metastase
The occurrence of viruses and viroids in ornamental citrus mother plants in Tuscany (Central Italy)
No full textCitrus tristeza closterovirus (CTV) has been found several times in the last decades in Italy, and plant protection services are involved in monitoring and surveillance. Although orchards linked to the citrus industry are well monitored, there is an underestimated risk of viruses or virus-like diseases in ornamental nurseries. Our aim was to modify a CTV monitoring program to include other viruses (Citrus variegation virus, CVV; Citrus psorosis virus, CPsV) and viroids (Citrus exocortis viroid, CEVd; Hop stunt viroid, HSVd; Citrus bent leaf viroid, CBLVd; Citrus dwarfing viroid, CDVd; Citrus bark cracking viroid, CBCVd). Ornamental mother plants were monitored for four years in 15 nurseries in two locations in central Italy using inexpensive multiplex RT-PCR protocols. CTV incidence was 1.6â13.5%, with an average distribution of 11.9%. The average incidence of CVV and CPsV was 6.3% and 2.7%, respectively. Higher CTV, CVV and CPsV incidences were observed in C. x paradisi, C. grandis and C. x clementina. The most widespread viroid identified was CEVd (32.9%), frequently observed in C. x limonia and C. limon. HSVd (10.5%), and CDVd (7.1%) were mostly found in C. x limonia. Lower infection rates were observed for CBLVd (2.0%) and CBCVd (1.4%). However, the nurseriesâ response to the virus alert by the protection services was only partially effective. Although the CTV incidence was lower in nurseries re-checked after the initial detection, it was not eradicated from two nurseries out of three, and the occurrence of viroids was reduced in just one nursery. Given that dangerous viruses along with the concomitant spread of viroids have unfortunately become a fact of every day life, multiplex RT-PCR diagnoses are likely to play an increasing role in warning nursery managers of possible infections
Effects of modulation of potassium channels in tobacco mosaic virus elimination
No full textTo evaluate the effects on modulation of K+channel in antiviral treatments, we report the application of potassium channel blockers (PCBs) tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) and cesium chloride (Cs) in in vitro plantlets or callus cultures infected by Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The effect of PCBs were evaluated in: a) in vitro TMV-infection trials, where PCB-treatments were applied during infection process of healthy plantlet; b) chemotherapy trials, where PCB-treatments were applied in combination to antiviral drugs on TMV-infected plantlets; c) in antiviral trials using callus culture and sieving technique. Both PCBs were able to reduce relative concentration of virus [calculated as Fold Changes (FC) relative to control samples] during infection process, with major effect observed at 7 dpi and in medium or upper portions of plantlet. Positive effects of PCBs were also observed following chemotherapy trials, where TEA significantly improves antiviral effectiveness of the antiviral drugs, causing higher FC compared to that obtained with just chemotherapy treatment since 3thsubculture. Nevertheless, plantlets were positive to TMV up to 6th subculture, thus virus elimination was not achieved). Finally, the callus culture and sieving technique lead to 11.1 ± 3.8% of TMV-negative plantlets, while TEA-treated mother-calli lead to 22.2 ± 3.8% of negative plantlets. Concluding, findings suggest that modulation of K+, previously indicated as essential in early stages of viral infection, could be also involved in antiviral techniques
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