4 research outputs found
Factors associated with localization of tuberculosis disease among patients in a high burden country: A health facility-based comparative study in Ethiopia
No full textIntroduction: In contrast to most tuberculosis (TB) high burden countries, Ethiopia has for a long time reported a very high percentage of extra pulmonary TB (EPTB), which is also reflected in population based estimations reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). Particularly a steadily higher proportion of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN) has been described. Here we identify clinical and demographic factors associated with anatomic site of the TB disease.Method: A health facility based comparative study was conducted among TBLN and PTB patients who visited selected health facilities in Ethiopia during 2016 and 2017. Associated risk factors were identified through a multivariate logistic regression model using R-studio.Result: A total of 1,890 study participants, 427 TBLN and 1,463 PTB patients, were included. The mean age of TBLN patients (29 years +/- 14.4 SD) was lower than that of PTB cases (36 years +/- 15.0 SD). There were slightly more women diagnosed with TBLN (51.1%) while nearly 6 out of 10 male patients were diagnosed with PTB (58.9%). Most significantly, younger age groups (56 years), with an AOR of 9.76 (95% CI: 4.87, 19.56). The odds of cervical TBLN among women [1.69 (1.30, 2.20)] was higher than that for men. In addition, adjusted estimates suggested that, compared with PTB, renal diseases [3.41 (1.29, 9.02)] and the presence of other concomitant chronic illness [1.61 (1.23, 2.09)] had a significant association with TBLN.Conclusion: Generally, the risk of developing a particular form of TB disease is usually associated with demographic and medical history of an infected individual. Hence, the current symptom based screening, which primarily rely on chronic cough in many countries, may lead to missing significant portions of TBLN cases.We would like to forward our appreciation for those working staff of the Armauer Hansen Research Institute and all members of the ETHICOBOTS project who had a great contribution to the success of this study. Besides, we would like to extend our acknowledgment to the University of Gondar and the academic staff of the public health institute. This work was funded by the Biotechnology and Biologic Sciences Research Council, the Department for International Development, the Economic & Social Research Council, the Medical Research Council, the Natural Environment Research Council and the Defence Science & Technology Laboratory, under the Zoonoses and Emerging Livestock Systems (ZELS) program, ref: BB/L018977/1. SB was also partly funded by the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, United Kingdom, ref: TBSE3294. The members of the Ethiopia Control of Bovine Tuberculosis Strategies (ETHICOBOTS) consortium are: Abraham Aseffa, Adane Mihret,
Bamlak Tessema, Bizuneh Belachew, Eshcolewyene Fekadu, Fantanesh Melese, Gizachew Gemechu, Hawult Taye, Rea Tschopp, Shewit Haile, Sosina Ayalew, Tsegaye Hailu, all from Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Ethiopia; Rea Tschopp from Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Switzerland; Adam Bekele, Chilot Yirga, Mulualem Ambaw, Tadele Mamo, Tesfaye Solomon, all from Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Ethiopia; Tilaye Teklewold from Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Ethiopia; Solomon Gebre, Getachew Gari, Mesfin Sahle, Abde Aliy, Abebe Olani, Asegedech Sirak, Gizat Almaw, Getnet Mekonnen, Mekdes Tamiru, Sintayehu Guta, all from National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Centre, Ethiopia; James Wood, Andrew Conlan, Alan Clarke, all from Cambridge University, United Kingdom; Henrietta L. Moore and Catherine Hodge, both from University College London, United Kingdom; Constance Smith at University of Manchester, United Kingdom; R. Glyn Hewinson, Stefan Berg, Martin Vordermeier, Javier Nunez-Garcia, all from Animal and Plant Health Agency, United Kingdom; Gobena Ameni, Berecha Bayissa, Aboma Zewude, Adane Worku, Lemma Terfassa, Mahlet Chanyalew, Temesgen Mohammed, Yemisrach Zeleke, all from Addis ababa University, Ethiopia
The Impact of Regionally Differentiated Climate Change on Agricultural Markets in Ethiopia: Combining Climate and Economic Models
Full text linkNon-adherence with the treatment regimen and its associated factors among patients with schizophrenia in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textAbstract Schizophrenia is among the serious mental illness affecting about 1% of the global population and ranking among the top ten causes of long-term disability. It is a major contributor to global disability and requires consistent adherence to antipsychotic medication for effective management. However, treatment non-adherence remains a significant challenge, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where systemic barriers and cultural stigma further exacerbate the issue. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to estimate the pooled prevalence of antipsychotic non-adherence among patients with schizophrenia in SSA and to identify the factors associated with treatment non-adherence. A systematic search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, African Index Medicus, and Google Scholar, for studies published before February 2025. This review has been registered with PROSPERO (registration number: CRD420251038674). Data were extracted using standardized forms, and study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tools. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the pooled prevalence, with subgroup analyses and meta-regression conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. This meta-analysis, which was conducted in SSA, included 16 full-text articles encompassing a total of 5,994 participants. The pooled prevalence of antipsychotic non-adherence was 45.30% (95% CI: 29.57–61.04%), with substantial heterogeneity observed (I2 = 99.51%). The review identified Several factors associated with treatment regimen non-adherence, including EPS (AOR = 3.95, 95% CI: 1.84–8.48), polypharmacy (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.56–2.96), substance use (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.43–3.71), alcohol use (AOR = 2.70, 95% CI: 1.21–5.99), perceived stigma (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.73–3.84), and lack of family support (AOR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.33–3.04). The study reveals that nearly half of patients with schizophrenia in SSA exhibit non-adherence to antipsychotics, driven by treatment-related side effects, substance use, and socio-cultural barriers. Targeted interventions simplifying regimens, managing EPS, enhancing family involvement, and reducing stigma are urgently needed. Policymakers should prioritize mental health infrastructure and community education to improve adherence and outcomes in this vulnerable population
An Assessment on Socio-Economic Impacts of Smallholder Eucalyptus Tree Plantation in the case of Northwest Ethiopia
Full text linkThe availability of forest products determines the possibilities for forest-based livelihood options. Plantation forest is a widespread economic activity in highland areas of Amhara regional state, owing primarily to degradation and limited access to natural forests. As a result, tree plantation becomes one of the rural livelihood options in the area. Given the increasing importance of smallholder plantation in highland areas of Amhara Regional States, therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the extent of smallholder plantation and its socio-economic impact. To address the above-mentioned research a sequential embedded mixed research designs where employed. These qualitative and quantitative data were collected from both primary and secondary data sources. Primary data were collected from 385 sample households determined based on Cochran sample size formula and selected via a three stage-multi-stage sampling method. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Smallholder eucalyptus plantation in the study area was discovered to be a common practice, and it is now part of the livelihood portfolio for meeting both household wood consumption and generating cash income. According to the PSM model's ATT results show that income from selling farm forest products certainly contributes more to household total income, farm expenditure per cultivated land, and education spending than non-planter households. As a result, the government must strengthen plantation practices by prioritizing specific intervention areas while implementing measures to counteract the plantation's inequality-increasing effect through a variety of means, including progressive taxation
