441 research outputs found
Lesson from the neuromuscular junction: role of pattern and timing of nerve activity in synaptic development
No full text[No abstract available
What do we know about the effects of austerity ?
No full textThe literature on fiscal multipliers is far from reaching an agreed upon conclusion about their size and how they might be state contingent. There is so much debate about this issue that Eric Leeper (2010) defined this literature as “alchemy.” One result, however, seems very robust: in OECD economies fiscal consolidations (austerity) based upon expenditure cuts are much less costly than those performed on the tax side. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we review more recent evidence based upon an extension of the narrative method which considers multi-year fiscal plans rather than year-by-year shifts in fiscal variables, likein Romer and Romer (2010) and Guajardo, Leigh, and Pescatori (2014). We shall also document cases of “expansionary austerity,” namely episodes in which even large reductions of government spending were associated on impact with increases in GDP growth first recorded by Giavazzi and Pagano (1990). Second, we illustrate alternative theoretical explanations for our findings about spending versus tax-based consolidations
Compositores argentinos : 40 aniversario del Cuarteto de Cuerdas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata
No full textLa Universidad Nacional de La Plata festeja con orgullo los 40 años del Cuarteto de Cuerdas, el cual ha brindado desde su creación un permanente y sólido trabajo profesional en la investigación y el estudio de obras de todas las épocas, y en especial de los compositores argentinos contemporáneos. El Cuarteto de Cuerdas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata fue creado en 1953 por profesores de la entonces Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes. A partir de 1958 fue distinguido como integrante permanente del cuerpo de música de la Universidad. Al cumplir 35 años de labor, como elenco representativo de la UNLP, registra más de 2.500 actuaciones en todo el ámbito del país y numerosas presentaciones en el extranjero, ofreciendo conciertos en Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Panamá, Honduras, México y Estados Unidos, donde concluyó sus actuaciones con un concierto en el Carnegie Hall.
En este disco, el Cuarteto de Cuerdas de la UNLP graba obras de compositores argentinos: Alberto Ginastera, Julián Aguirre, Astor Piazzolla, Alberto Favero, Emilio A. Napolitano, Luis Gianneo y Roberto Caamaño. Grabado en 1993 en Estudio Moebio (Buenos Aires). Ingeniero de grabación: Laura Fonzo.
Integrantes:
José Bondar (violín)
Juárez Johnson (violoncello)
Roberto Regio (viola)
Fernando Favero (violín)
Contenido:
1 - Cuarteto Nº 1 - Alberto Ginastera - Allegro violento e agitato
2 - Cuarteto Nº 1 - Alberto Ginastera - Vivacissimo
3 - Cuarteto Nº 1 - Alberto Ginastera - Calmo e poetico
4 - Cuarteto Nº 1 - Alberto Ginastera - Alegremente rústico
5 - Huella - Julián Aguirre (transcripción de Luis Ballesteros)
6 - Muerte del ángel - Astor Piazzolla (transcripción de José Bragato)
7 - Elegía para el planeta Tierra - Alberto Favero
8 - Gato - Emilio A. Napolitano (al estilo popular)
9 - Lamento quichua - Luis Gianneo
10 - Four for tango - Astor Piazzolla
11 - Cinco piezas breves para cuarteto de cuerdas - Roberto CaamañoRadio Universidad Nacional de La Plat
Compositores argentinos : 40 aniversario del Cuarteto de Cuerdas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata
No full textLa Universidad Nacional de La Plata festeja con orgullo los 40 años del Cuarteto de Cuerdas, el cual ha brindado desde su creación un permanente y sólido trabajo profesional en la investigación y el estudio de obras de todas las épocas, y en especial de los compositores argentinos contemporáneos. El Cuarteto de Cuerdas de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata fue creado en 1953 por profesores de la entonces Escuela Superior de Bellas Artes. A partir de 1958 fue distinguido como integrante permanente del cuerpo de música de la Universidad. Al cumplir 35 años de labor, como elenco representativo de la UNLP, registra más de 2.500 actuaciones en todo el ámbito del país y numerosas presentaciones en el extranjero, ofreciendo conciertos en Perú, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Panamá, Honduras, México y Estados Unidos, donde concluyó sus actuaciones con un concierto en el Carnegie Hall.
En este disco, el Cuarteto de Cuerdas de la UNLP graba obras de compositores argentinos: Alberto Ginastera, Julián Aguirre, Astor Piazzolla, Alberto Favero, Emilio A. Napolitano, Luis Gianneo y Roberto Caamaño. Grabado en 1993 en Estudio Moebio (Buenos Aires). Ingeniero de grabación: Laura Fonzo.
Integrantes:
José Bondar (violín)
Juárez Johnson (violoncello)
Roberto Regio (viola)
Fernando Favero (violín)
Contenido:
1 - Cuarteto Nº 1 - Alberto Ginastera - Allegro violento e agitato
2 - Cuarteto Nº 1 - Alberto Ginastera - Vivacissimo
3 - Cuarteto Nº 1 - Alberto Ginastera - Calmo e poetico
4 - Cuarteto Nº 1 - Alberto Ginastera - Alegremente rústico
5 - Huella - Julián Aguirre (transcripción de Luis Ballesteros)
6 - Muerte del ángel - Astor Piazzolla (transcripción de José Bragato)
7 - Elegía para el planeta Tierra - Alberto Favero
8 - Gato - Emilio A. Napolitano (al estilo popular)
9 - Lamento quichua - Luis Gianneo
10 - Four for tango - Astor Piazzolla
11 - Cinco piezas breves para cuarteto de cuerdas - Roberto CaamañoRadio Universidad Nacional de La Plat
Lo statistico e l'industriale: carteggio tra Luigi Bodio e Alessandro Rossi (1869-97)
No full textLuigi Bodio, il protagonista indiscusso della statistica ufficiale del secondo ottocento, e Alessandro Rossi, il maggior industriale italiano dell'epoca, diedero vita a un carteggio di circa cento lettere che, dagli anni settanta, si protrae fino alle soglie del novecento. Dall'epistolario, finora inedito, emerge un quadro ancora poco noto, che mostra da un lato il rapporto intrattenuto dallo statistico con le sue fonti di informazione attraverso una sorta di diplomazia dell'interrogazione statistica, dall'altro l'industriale, attento ai mezzi capaci di formare l'opinione pubblica, che influisce con la sua conoscenza specifica sul contenuto delle pubblicazioni statistiche a cui è chiamato a collaborare.
Il volume contiene l'edizione critica del carteggio tra Luigi Bodio e Alessandro Rossi, con introduzione filologica, saggi interpretativi che presentano le diverse sezioni del carteggio, note e appendici bio-bibliografiche sui due corrispondenti principali e su altri protagonisti delle vicende trattate nel carteggio, a opera dell'autore. E' introdotto da una presentazione di Alberto Zuliani e da una prefazione di Maurizio Rispoli
The output effect of fiscal consolidation plans
No full textWe show that the correct experiment to evaluate the effects of a fiscal adjustment is the simulation of a multi year fiscal plan rather than of individual fiscal shocks. Simulation of fiscal plans adopted by 16 OECD countries over a 30-year period supports the hypothesis that the effects of consolidations depend on their design. Fiscal adjustments based upon spending cuts are much less costly, in terms of output losses, than tax-based ones and have especially low output costs when they consist of permanent rather than stop and go changes in taxes and spending. The difference between tax-based and spending-based adjustments appears not to be explained by accompanying policies, including monetary policy. It is mainly due to the different response of business confidence and private investment
Austerity: when it works and when it doesn't/ Alberto Alesina, Carlo Favero, and Francesco Giavazzi.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.Fiscal austerity is hugely controversial. Opponents argue that it can trigger downward growth spirals and become self-defeating. Supporters argue that budget deficits have to be tackled aggressively at all times and at all costs. In this masterful book, three of today's leading policy experts cut through the political noise to demonstrate that there is not one type of austerity but many. Looking at thousands of fiscal measures adopted by sixteen advanced economies since the late 1970s, Austerity assesses the relative effectiveness of tax increases and spending cuts at reducing debt. It shows that spending cuts have much smaller costs in terms of output losses than tax increases. Spending cuts can sometimes be associated with output gains in the case of expansionary austerity and are much more successful than tax increases at reducing the growth of debt. The authors also show that austerity is not necessarily the kiss of death for political careers as is often believed, and provide new insights into the recent cases of European austerity after the financial crisis. Bringing needed clarity to one of today's most challenging subjects, Austerity charts a sensible approach based on data analysis rather than ideology.Cover; Title; Copyright; Dedication; CONTENTS; Acknowledgments; 1 Introduction; Austerity; Four Contributions of This Book; The Punchline in a Nutshell; Organization of the Book; 2 Theory; Introduction; The Simple Keynesian Model; The Future; Confidence and Uncertainty; Austerity and the Business Cycle; Multiyear Plans; Incentives and the Supply Side; Accompanying Policies; Conclusions; 3 Expansionary and Recessionary Austerity up to the Financial Crisis of 2008; Introduction; Expansionary Austerity; Recessionary Austerity; Conclusions; 4 Measuring the Effects of Fiscal Policy; IntroductionThe Empirical EvidenceMultipliers during Austerity: The Early Literature; The Narrative Approach; Conclusions; 5 Fiscal Plans; Introduction; Constructing Fiscal Plans; Measuring the Effects of Fiscal Plans; Conclusions; 6 The Data; Introduction: A Broad Look at Our Data; The Data in More Detail; Other Data and Sources; Conclusions; 7 The Effects of Austerity; Introduction; Taxes versus Expenditures; The Role of Accompanying Policies; An Alternative Specification; Why Do EB and TB Plans Have Different Effects?; Conclusions; 8 European Austerity during the Great Recession; IntroductionEurope in the Aftermath of the Financial CrisisEuropean Austerity; Evaluating European Austerity in 2010-14; The Greek Tragedy; Did Fiscal Multipliers Change after the Crisis?; Conclusions; 9 When Austerity?; Introduction; Fiscal Policy in Booms and Recessions; "How" and "When"; The "When" and the How" Together; Austerity at the Zero Lower Bound; Conclusions; 10 Austerity and Elections; Introduction; Existing Evidence; Fiscal Plans and Elections; A Few Examples; Discussion; Conclusions; 11 Conclusions; 12 The Models in Our Book: A User's Guide; IntroductionWhy Simulating Models? A Simple ExampleOur Empirical Models: An Overview; The Models Used in the Literature to Measure Multipliers; The Models in Chapter 7; Fiscal Adjustments and the Dynamics of Debt over GDP; TB versus EB Austerity in a General Equilibrium Model; Reconsidering Blanchard and Leigh (2014) in Chapter 8; The Model of "How" and "When" in Chapter 9; Who Adjusts and Who Wins: More Details on the Model for Chapter 10; Notes; References; Index1 online resource
Adult rat motor neurons do not re-establish electrical coupling during axonal regeneration and muscle reinnervation.
No full textGap junctions (GJs) between neurons are present in both the newborn and the adult nervous system, and although important roles have been suggested or demonstrated in a number of instances, in many other cases a full understanding of their physiological role is still missing. GJs are expressed in the rodent lumbar cord at birth and mediate both dye and electrical coupling between motor neurons. This expression has been proposed to mediate: (i) fast synchronization of motoneuronal spike activity, in turn linked to the process of refinement of neuromuscular connections, and (ii) slow synchronization of locomotor-like oscillatory activity. Soon after birth this coupling disappears. Since in the adult rat regeneration of motor fibers after peripheral nerve injury leads to a recapitulation of synaptic refinement at the target muscles, we tested whether GJs between motor neurons are transiently re-expressed. We found that in conditions of maximal responsiveness of lumbar motor neurons (such as no depression by anesthetics, decerebrate release of activity of subsets of motor neurons, use of temporal and spatial summation by antidromic and orthodromic stimulations, testing of large ensembles of motor neurons) no firing is observed in ventral root axons in response to antidromic spike invasion of nearby counterparts. We conclude that junctional coupling between motor neurons is not required for the refinement of neuromuscular innervation in the adult
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