148 research outputs found
Expanding knowledge through sequential world views–a critical realist approach
Get PDFThis paper addresses concerns that critical realism is a philosophy in search of a method, and that little guidance exists for the application of the philosophy to social research. It advances the idea that the absence of a philosophically embedded method gives critical realists the freedom to choose methods best suited to answering research questions under investigation. The paper utilizes a study into business advisor knowledge transmission, explicating how a sequential world views approach can be used to progressively expand knowledge about the topic. In this context, the research design further illustrates the symbiotic relationship of two different research methods: in-depth interviews & focus groups. The paper does not imply that any method is better than any other, rather adopts the position that methods must always suit the research aim and provide the best approach for answering the research question. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
The nature of professional small business advisor knowledge and the knowledge transmission process : A regional Australian perspective
Get PDFThis thesis specifically examines the relationship between professional business advisor (PBA) knowledge and the knowledge transmission actions undertaken by such advisors when addressing the knowledge requirements of businesses, specifically Regional Australian small businesses. The thesis adopts a qualitative research approach to explore perceptions of individuals who provide advisory services to small businesses, within the context of Regional Australia. The analysis undertaken is a practical application of the critical realist research paradigm to explain how human agency, social structures, and mechanisms interact in the process of creating a knowledge transmission event by PBAs. The conceptual framework developed in this thesis brings together key concepts from scholarly research disciplines of knowledge management, information management, communications, services marketing and business advice. The conceptual framework reflects the research aims and provides the basis for the research methodology. The framework is of a unique critical realist research design that allows the study to progress through sequential world views. Each world view allows the continual broadening of the reality being studied, enabling more focused answers to the research questions posed. This study focuses on PBAs who service small businesses operating in four inner regional and two outer regional locations within the State of Victoria. Over the six regions, a total of 29 face-to-face interviews were conducted, along with one focus group in each region. The findings from this database, using the conceptual framework as a guide, identified a complex, heterogeneous, open environment in which PBA knowledge transmission occurs. This research process recognises PBAs as social structures with causal powers whose knowledge stock is the primary mechanism through which these powers are exercised to generate a knowledge transmission event. A significant conclusion emerges that PBA tacit (and not explicit) knowledge is a conditional mechanism which gate-keeps whether the PBA knowledge transmission event is enacted.Doctor of Philosoph
The principle of good administration
No full textMaģistra darbs veltīts labas pārvaldības principam, tā satura un elementu analīzei. Darba mērķis ir labas pārvaldības kā atsevišķa tiesību principa elementu noskaidrošana un izpēte, nolūkā atklāt labas pārvaldības principa saturu.
Darbā autore konstatē, ka pastāv vairākas labas pārvaldības principa izpratnes. Pastāv labas pārvaldības principa plašākais un šaurākais tvērums, kā arī labas pārvaldības principa iekšējā dimensija. Katrai no šim dimensijām autore piedāvā individuālu terminoloģiju, labas pārvaldības principa jēdzienu atstājot patstāvīgam tiesību principam, kas regulē attiecības starp valsts pārvaldi un indivīdu.
Nolūkā atklāt labas pārvaldības principa saturu, autore pievēršas labas pārvaldības principa elementu analīzei starptautiskā un nacionālā līmenī. Starptautiskā līmenī autore analizē Eiropas Savienības un Eiropas Padomes ietvaros izdotos, labas pārvaldības principu saturošos dokumentus, Eiropas Ombuda darbības un Eiropas Kopienu tiesu praksi. Nozīmīgākais dokuments Eiropas Savienības ietvaros attiecībā uz labas pārvaldības principu ir 2000. gadā pieņemtā Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību harta. Hartā ietvertās tiesību uz labu pārvaldību sastāvdaļas ir tās, kas veido labas pārvaldības principa saturu.
Analizējot labas pārvaldības principa izpratni nacionālā līmenī, autore pēta Eiropas Savienības valstu konstitūcijas. Autore konstatē, ka Somijas konstitūcijā vienīgajā ir minētas tiesības uz labu pārvaldību, taču labas pārvaldības principa atsevišķi elementi ir ietverti arī citu valstu konstitūcijās. Tomēr ar labas pārvaldības principu garantējamās tiesības Eiropas Savienības valstu ietvaros tiek pilnvērtīgāk aizsargātas administratīvajā līmeni, konstitucionālam rangam atstājot tikai atsevišķus labas pārvaldības principa elementus.
Visbeidzot autore apraksta Latvijā pastāvošos labas pārvaldības principa avotus un analizē tajos ietverto labas pārvaldības principa izpratni. Autore secina, ka labas pārvaldības princips ietverts Valsts pārvaldes iekārtas likumā, kurš būtiski atšķiras no citiem labas pārvaldības principa avotiem Eiropā, jo tajā tiek strikti nošķirti labas pārvaldības pamatprincipi un labas pārvaldības princips. Atsevišķi labas pārvaldības principa elementi aizsargāti arī Satversmes 104. pantā. Bet Satversmes tiesa ir atvasinājusi labas pārvaldības principu arī no Satversmes 1. un 89. pantiem, tādējādi piešķirot konstitucionāli rangu pārējiem, Satversmē tiešā tekstā neietvertiem, labas pārvaldības principa elementiem.The main topics of this thesis are the principle of good administration, its individual fundamental elements and analysis. The aim of this work was to analyze these principles/policies and their component parts as legal concepts in order to gain a better understanding of how they operate.
The author of this work noted that there are different interpretations of the term ‘good administration’. There are broad, general interpretations, and others that are narrower, focused on the inner dimensions of the term. For each interpretation of the term offered in this work, the author provided the necessary terminology and legal principles that define the relationships between the administrative government and the individual.
In order to achieve the aims of this investigation, the author examined the good administration principle and policies on the national and international level. At the international level, the author analyzed the European Union and European Parliament’s work, that included framework for good administration, as well as the work of European Ombudsman and European Court of Justice. The most important EU document in relation to good administration is The Charter of Fundamental Rights, which was adopted by the European Council in December 2000. The Charter established the body of rights and values, some of which are the necessary elements that make up the good administration principle and policies.
At the national level, the author examined the constitutions of the individual EU member states. The author discovered that only the constitution of Finland mentions the right to good administration. However, the individual elements that make up the policies of good administration are included in most EU countries’ constitutions.
The author also described the sources of the good administration policies in Latvia, and analyzed the interpretations of the term ‘good administration’ used in those sources. It was concluded that the notion of good administration was included in the state legislation (Valsts pārvaldes iekārtas likums), which differs from some of the European legislation mostly because it clearly separates the fundamental tenets of good administration from the policy/principle itself. Additionally, some of the elements that make up the policy are protected under Constitution Article 104. However, the Constitutional Court removed the good governance policies from Articles 1 and 89. This allowed the fundamental elements of the policy that were not covered in the text of the Constitution to be given the constitutional status
Administrative ethics in Latvia and principle of good governance
No full textPar kritēriju valsts pārvaldes darbības kvalitātes izvērtēšanai gan nacionālā, gan starptautiskā līmenī ir kļuvis labas pārvaldības princips. Labas pārvaldības principa ideja pasaulē pēdējās desmitgadēs ir plaši atzīta un tā ievērošana ir priekšnoteikums demokrātiskas tiesiskas valsts pārvaldes darbībai. Labas pārvaldības princips mūsdienās ir vēl tikai attīstības stadijā, tādēļ tā satura elementus katrā konkrētā gadījumā ne vienmēr var precīzi noteikt. Ar labas pārvaldības principu dažreiz saprot visus principus, saskaņā ar kuriem demokrātiskā tiesiskā valstī darbojas valsts pārvalde, savukārt citos gadījumos ar labas pārvaldības jēdzienu apzīmē tikai tos principus, kas orientēti uz attiecībām starp valsts pārvaldi un indivīdu. Darba mērķis ir noteikt un analizēt mehānismus ētiskas un labas pārvaldības principam atbilstošas valsts pārvaldes darbības nodrošināšanai, noskaidrot labas pārvaldības principa tvērumu un konkretizāciju gan Latvijas, gan Eiropas mērogā.The subject of this master thesis is administrative ethics and the principle of good governance as well as interactivity of both principles. In this paper the author clarifies the mechanisms of control in observation of administrative ethics and good governance. The principle of good governance is approved as compulsory in public administration. It is also known as one of the latest general principles of law, but there is lack of unified understanding of its concept and content. In order to determine the dimensions and elements of principle of good governance author compares the legal doctrines in Europe and Latvia, analyses jurisprudence of European Court of Justice and documents prepared by European Union and European Council as well as the law and practice of administrative courts and Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia. The principle of good governance is recognized as constitutional principle by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Latvia. The oversight and control of implementation of this principle is competence of ombudsman. This paper contents survey in the history of ombudsman, its nature and efficiency in implementation of good governance
External business knowledge transmission: a conceptual framework
No full text
Purpose
This study aims to develop an original conceptual framework to guide research into knowledge transmission between professional external knowledge providers and their business clientele. As such, the framework aims to bridge a gap between theory and practice by explicating the processes which affect knowledge transmission and the conversion of knowledge for business application (i.e. knowledge transference).
Design/methodology/approach
Key concepts from disciplines of knowledge management, information management, communications, services marketing and business advice are reviewed and integrated into the development of this framework. Underpinned by a critical realist philosophical lens, it provides a robust research guide for examining business advisor knowledge actions in a changing open environment.
Findings
This study identifies that the process of knowledge transmission from a source external to a business is more complex than internal knowledge sharing. It addresses this complexity through a knowledge transmission framework, in a research design that is applicable to any methodological paradigm. Real-world application is identified in its applicability for evaluating mechanisms to facilitate knowledge transmission practices of external advisors to small business in regionally isolated communities.
Research limitations/implications
The critical realist research methodology allows for causality in knowledge transmission to emerge; however, no assertion is made that the conceptual framework developed needs any particular philosophical paradigm for its application. Instead, what is asserted is that the research framework developed in this paper is specifically suited to the characteristics of external knowledge providers, their tacit knowledge and the businesses they service.
Originality/value
This study reconceptualises various theoretical perspectives and develops a sequential process for addressing a research lacuna by specifically examining the processes (or connections) between external business advisor’s knowledge and their advisory actions. With these processes clearly established, the role of external knowledge providers, as knowledge transmitters, deepens the understanding of knowledge transference that up until now has focused typically on internal organisation aspects.
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The Principle of Good Faith in Civil Law
No full textIzstrādātā bakalaura darba temats ir „Labas ticības princips civiltiesībās”. Pētījums veikts civiltiesību jomā saistībā arī ar tiesību teoriju.
Bakalaura darba struktūra veidota tā, lai vispirms apskatītu labas ticības jēdzienu, tā būtību un izpratni Latvijā un citās valstīs, pēc tam aplūkotu ļaunas ticības jēdzienu un visbeidzot pievērstos tiesu praksei attiecīgā jautājuma regulēšanā.
Darbs sastāv no ievada, sešām nodaļām, kas sadalītas apakšnodaļās, secinājumiem un izmantotās literatūras saraksta.
Pirmajā nodaļā autore aplūkojusi labas ticības jēdzienu un tā izpratni. Otrajā nodaļā ļauna ticība tiek aprakstīta kā labas ticības pretstats. Trešajā nodaļā autore pievērsusies pienākumiem, kuri izriet no labas ticības. Savukārt ceturtā nodaļa veltīta tiesību netaisnprātīgas izlietošanas aizliegumam. Piektajā nodaļā aplūkotas trīs labas ticības funkcijas, bet sestajā nodaļā uzmanība veltīta labas ticības piemērošanai gan Latvijā, gan arī citās valstīs. Darbu noslēdzot, autore izdarījusi secinājumus un izstrādājusi priekšlikumus.
Bakalaura darba sākumā izvirzītais mērķis - noskaidrot LR Civillikuma 1. pantā minētā labas ticības principa būtību, kā arī izpētīt tā piemērošanas aspektus Latvijas un ārvalstu civiltiesībās - tika sasniegts, noskaidrojot labas ticības definīciju un šī principa vēsturisko attīstību, izpētot labas ticības kā atvērtās normas būtību un saturu, kā arī izanalizējot no labas ticības izrietošos pienākumus un sagrupējot labas ticības principa pielietošanas gadījumus gan Latvijā, gan citās valstīs.
Bakalaura metodoloģiskā bāze ir Latvijas Republikā spēkā esošā nacionālā likumdošana, Latvijai saistošie starptautiskie normatīvie akti, kā arī dažādu autoru domas un atziņas par pētījumā apskatītajām problēmām un tiesu nolēmumi.
Pētījuma izpētes objekta izvēle pamatota ar šai tēmai veltītu literatūras trūkumu latviešu valodā, neskaidro izpētes objekta definējumu, kā arī faktu, ka Latvijā, pēc autores domām, tiesu praksē minētais jautājums apskatīts nepietiekami.Anotation
The subject of the present bachelor paper is “The principle of good faith in civil law”. The research has been carried out in the field of civil rights in connection also with theory of rights.
The structure of the bachelor paper first provides for the clarification of the concept of good faith - its essence and understanding in Latvia and other countries. Next, the concept of bad faith is examined and finally the paper deals with court practice regarding the regulation of the respective matter.
This paper consists of an introduction, five chapters divided in subchapters, conclusions and the bibliography.
In the first chapter the author examines the concept of good faith and its understanding. The second chapter deals with bad faith in opposition to good faith. Furthermore, the author turns to the consequential duties of good faith in the third chapter followed by study of the ban of unfair rights application. The next chapter is the application of good faith in Latvia as well as in other countries. Finally, the author draws conclusions and puts forward certain proposals.
The initial aim of the bachelor paper - to clarify the essence of good faith principle mentioned in the first paragraph of the civil law of the Republic of Latvia, as well as to investigate the aspects of its application in civil law in Latvia or other countries – was achieved by defining good faith and studying the historical development of this principle, by investigating the essence and content of good faith as an open norm, as well as by analyzing the consequential duties of good faith and grouping the application cases of good faith principle both in Latvia and other countries.
The methodological bases of the present work is the valid national legislation of the Republic of Latvia, the international laws and regulations related to Latvia, the thoughts and ideas of different authors about the issues raised in the research, as well as the judgments of court. The choice of the research object is based on the lack of corresponding literature available in
Latvian, the vague definition of the research object as well as the fact that, according to the author of this work, the aforementioned matter has not been sufficiently considered in court practice in Latvia
Government business programs and regional business knowledge transmission by professional business advisor
Get PDFBased on research seeking to understand mechanisms affecting the provision of small business advisory services in a Regional (non-metropolitan) Australian setting, by what are called Professional Business Advisors (PBAs), an emergent theme identifies government business programs and initiatives as significant conduits for regional business knowledge transmission. However, those programs and initiatives are also perceived to impose substantial constraints for PBAs providing services in regional communities. The identified constraining factors include issues of financial viability for PBAs, ineligibility of many regional small businesses to access government funded initiatives, capriciousness of government programs, and clash between technology utilisation and infrastructure reliability in some non-metropolitan regional areas. Regional Australian PBAs service a heterogeneous collection of businesses across large geographic areas. Yet, the potential influence that these PBAs have in the process of knowledge transmission is severely constrained by current government programs aimed both at start-up regional businesses and those pursuing organisational growth. Such constraints raise concerns that have regional policy implications
A comparison of tiotropium, long-acting β2-agonists and leukotriene receptor antagonists on lung function and exacerbations in paediatric patients with asthma
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Diagnosing and treating asthma in paediatric patients remains challenging, with many children and adolescents remaining uncontrolled despite treatment. Selecting the most appropriate pharmacological treatment to add onto inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children and adolescents with asthma who remain symptomatic despite ICS can be difficult. This literature review compares the efficacy and safety of long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs), leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) and long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) as add-on treatment to ICS in children and adolescents aged 4–17 years.
A literature search identified a total of 29 studies that met the inclusion criteria, including 21 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of LABAs versus placebo, two RCTs of LAMAs (tiotropium) versus placebo, and four RCTs of LTRA (montelukast), all as add-on to ICS. In these studies, tiotropium and LABAs provided greater improvements in lung function than LTRAs, when compared with placebo as add-on to ICS. Although exacerbation data were difficult to interpret, tiotropium reduced the risk of exacerbations requiring oral corticosteroids when added to ICS, with or without additional controllers. LABAs and LTRAs had a comparable risk of asthma exacerbations with placebo when added to ICS. When adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs were analysed, LABAs, montelukast and tiotropium had a comparable safety profile with placebo.
In conclusion, this literature review provides an up-to-date overview of the efficacy and safety of LABAs, LTRAs and LAMAs as add-on to ICS in children and adolescents with asthma. Overall, tiotropium and LABAs have similar efficacy, and provide greater improvements in lung function than montelukast as add-on to ICS. All three controller options have comparable safety profiles
Government funded business programs : advisory help or hindrance?
Get PDFThis study seeks, through the perspective of Professional Business Advisors (PBAs), to understand how government business programs help and/or hinder the provision of small business advisory services in a regional (non-metropolitan) Australian setting. An emergent theme identifies such programs as significant conduits for regional business knowledge transmission. However, those programs are also perceived by PBAs, who deliver such programs, as imposing substantial constraints for provision of such services. The identified constraining factors include issues of PBAs’ financial viability, ineligibility of businesses to access such programs, capriciousness of programs, and clash between technology utilisation and infrastructure reliability in some non-metropolitan regional areas. Regional Australian PBAs service a heterogeneous collection of businesses across large geographic areas. Yet, the potential for PBAs to support the process of knowledge transmission is severely constrained by current government programs aimed at start-up businesses, but ignoring organisational growth. Such constraints raise concerns that have regional policy implication
Professional civil service as an element of the good governance
No full textMaģistra darba nosaukums ir „Profesionāls civildienests kā labas pārvaldības elements”. Maģistra darba galvenais mērķis bija noskaidrot labas pārvaldības princips satura elementus, kā arī sniegt priekšlikumus un ierosinājumus labas pārvaldības principa sekmīgākai nostiprināšanai praksē valsts pārvaldes iestādēs.
Maģistra darbā tika secināts, ka labas pārvaldības princips ir daudz plašāks, nekā tas noteikts Valsts pārvaldes iekārtas likuma 10.panta 5.daļā; labas pārvaldības principa saturs ietver arī citus Valsts pārvaldes iekārtas likumā minētos principus, administratīvā procesa principus, kā arī principa skaidrošanai un iztulkošanai var izmantot citos likumos iekļautos noteikumus, kuru mērķis ir nodrošināt personu tiesību un tiesisko interešu ievērošanu.The title of the Master work is "Professional civil service as an element of good governance". The main aim of the Master work was to clarify the elements of the content of the principle of good governance, as well as to make proposals and suggestions for strengthening the principle of good governance in the state authorities and administration.
The author of the Master work concluded that the principle of good governance is more wider than sated in the State Administration Structure Law Clause 10 Part 5; the content of the principle of good governance also includes the other principles stated in the State Administration Structure Law, principles of administrative procedure, in addition for explaining and interpreting the principle of good governance the rules from the other laws which protect and ensure the rights and legal interests of the individuals can also be used thereof
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