13,687 research outputs found
Mark Alan Turnquist and John F. Abel discuss the history of CEE
No full textThe University Faculty Memorial Statement for E Mark A. Turnquist is available at https://blogs.cornell.edu/deanoffaculty/files/2016/01/Mark-Turnquist-2fsugt7.pdf1_zbkzsi4
The sense of a beginning : Bakhtinian dialogic criticism on 'the gospel' in Mark.
No full textContemporary literary approaches have caused paradigm shifts in Biblical Studies in the last two decades as it appears in a great deal of Markan studies using narrative, reader-response, deconstructive, feminist, and new historicist approaches. However, literary studies on the Gospel of Mark have not taken into account theoretical questions underlying those approaches. As a result biblical critics are driven by new trends without ever having a chance to examine the critical baggage of the approaches. Consequently, there is a gap of communication between the old and the new one. Therefore this thesis is an attempt to meet the need of enhancing the quality of critical endeavour in biblical studies. In the light of most recent competing critical theories of literature, the first contribution of this thesis is the methodological finding that Bakhtinian dialogic criticism contains the most profound philosophical and practical foundations for solving some crucial theoretical problems in contemporary literary theories. It is a critique to a Saussurian linguistic system of language which becomes the very foundation of modern and postmodern literary criticism. Bakhtinian literary theory shifts the foundation of literary criticism on linguistic signs into the creative activity of the socio-cultural production of human communication. The shift into socio-cultural reality of language communication makes the notion of 'genre' very important to unlock the problem of text and context in literary studies. Since the Gospel of Mark has fascinated most literary critics in Biblical Studies, the problem of 'genre' of this gospel is chosen as the focus of this study. Secondly, as no agreement is reached as to what 'genre' the Gospel of Mark belongs, this thesis makes its contribution to the discussion by locating the problem of 'genre' of Mark in the context of genre theories and argues that the Bakhtinian suggestion to find genre in the socio-cultural sphere by analysing artistic intercourse between narrative agents in Mark has freed the competing analysis from the unresolved problem between the kerygmatic (content oriented) approach and the analogical (form oriented) approach. To achieve finding 'genre' in the socio-cultural sphere, this thesis focuses on Bakhtinian analysis of the process of artistic intercourse between narrative agents. The narrative communicative interrelationships between narrative agents is constructed in this thesis as a 'stereophonic' Bakhtinian model of dialogic communication. This model is an original contribution of this thesis for revising the traditional two dimensional model of narrative communication. Based on this dialogical model of communication, a special role is given to the Bakhtinian 'author-creator' in the realization process of genre through the interaction of polyphonic voices. Through the interaction of voices of the author-artist and the hero we are led to discover a relatively stable type of portraying and controlling reality in Mark, known as the genre of Roman 'satire'. The closest literary affinity is Satyrica by Petronius. This narrative strategy of 'satire' in Mark has its root in the prophetic discourse of the Old Testament which is saturating the speech of the narrator, John the Immerser, the centurion, the people, and even Jesus. Finally, the whole search for Markan 'genre' culminates in the analysis of the realization of genre through the analysis of Bakhtinian chronotope. The reality of the genre of Mark is its social reality that is in its role as dpxrj/ 'beginning'. As the Gospel of Mark proclaims itself as 'a beginning', it defines its claim of socio-cultural 'authority' in early Christianity. It is this 'sense of beginning' which enables the narrating and the narrated world of Mark to interact dialogically
Larry Kolz
No full textLarry Kolz oral history interview as conducted by Mark Madison and Alan Temple.
Mr. Kolz worked at the Denver Wildlife Research Center as an electrical engineer and mainly working on telemetry and eventually would get into electrofishing.
Organization: FWS
Name: Larry Kolz
Years:
Program:
Keywords: Biography, Employees (USFWS), History, Radio telemetry, Birds, Mammals, Fishes, Science, Tracks and trackingOral History
of
Larry Kolz
Oral History Program
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
National Conservation Training Center
Shepherdstown, West Virginia
Date of Interview: November 22, 2011
Location of Interview: National Conservation Training Center, Shepherdstown, WV via phone
Interviewer(s): Mark Madison, and Alan Temple
Approximate years worked for Fish and Wildlife Service: 1969 to ?
Offices and Field Stations Worked, Positions Held: Denver Wildlife Research Center as electrical engineer
Most Important Projects: Working on wildlife telemetry and electrofishing.
Brief Summary of Interview: Larry talks about his background, such as where he was born and where he went to college for his undergraduate and graduate degrees. He mentions working at several different places before a friend suggested he apply for the Fish and Wildlife Service, where he was offered a job at the Denver Wildlife Research Center as an electrical engineer working on wildlife telemetry. He shares several stories of work that he did, people he came across, and how he eventually got into electrofishing. He discusses the power of transfer theory, how many people did not accept it at first, how Steve Miranda applied the theory to work he did, and how now the theory is being recognized. Larry has worked with many different companies and has designed many components for work in telemetry and electrofishing that are used today.
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Mark: Today is November 22, 2011 and we are recording this in Shepherdstown, WV and Alan Temple is here, TEMPLE, and Mark Madison. And our subject is Larry Kolz, KOLZ, and thanks for agreeing to do this Larry.
Larry: You’re welcome.
Mark: Well the first question we asked everybody and that’s where and when were you born?
Larry: I’m actually the third generation in my family to be born in Durango, Colorado. My family was there before the city was named in 1880; that’s my family history with Durango.
Mark: And when you were born, Larry?
Larry: In Durango.
Mark: No, when?
Larry: Oh when, February 1936.
Mark: Okay.
Larry: I’m 75 years old.
Mark: All right, and what’s your degree in and what did you do after graduating from college?
Larry: Okay, my degree was from Colorado State University in the undergraduate work, and my degree was in electrical engineering. Upon graduation from CSU, I was awarded a fully funded fellowship from the
Hughes Aircraft Company in Tucson where I attended the University of Arizona and received my master’s degree. That would have been in 1960. I continued to work for Hughes Aircraft for six years and then I left in 1964; I moved back to Colorado.
Mark: Okay, and when did you first come to work for the Fish and Wildlife Service?
Larry: When I was working for a company called Kaman Nuclear in Colorado Springs, and I walked into a friend’s office one day and he handed me a federal employment application and said, “You should fill out one of these. There’s lots of interesting jobs in the federal government.” So I filed the employment form, never expecting to be hired and a few weeks later I got a call from the Denver Wildlife Research Center telling me that I was in consideration for a job as an electrical engineer in the Fish and Wildlife Service; that would have been in 1969. I thought the guy was kidding me because I could not believe there was an electrical engineering job in the Fish and Wildlife Service.
Mark: Well Larry what were some of your first job activities when you came to work for us?
Larry: Actually I was hired to develop wildlife tracking equipment, this development was just coming to the forefront, there were no companies selling the equipment, there were a couple garage shops building make shift equipment, so they hired me to basically set up the lab and build this equipment. And I had, I think, three technicians at the time and the laboratory had been put together by a television technician, so we could work on television sets but we couldn’t work on radio telemetry.
Mark: Was there a lot of literature or knowledge out there at this time for wildlife tracking; this is pretty early on.
Larry: No, there really wasn’t. As I said people were just working out of garage shops, everybody had a different idea how the equipment worked. Nobody knew what kind 3
of power levels they were transmitting or at what distance they could be receive. Nobody had the equipment to even make some basic measurements. One of my first jobs for the lab was to actually search the government GSA excess property sites. I essentially had no funding but the free equipment was available to me, and so, that’s how I equipped the lab. I simply hounded the people working at GSA and told them what I needed and you’d be surprised what I picked up free.
Mark: What type of wildlife were they trying to track with radio telemetry in the ‘60’s?
Larry: You know they gave me the hardest job first, the biologists wanted to track Peromyscus that weighed less than 10 grams; that was my first assignment.
Alan: Holy smokes.
Larry: I built little transmitters that fit on the pinky of my finger and we went out and successfully tracked Peromyscus in an orchard, at very short ranges because the small circuits couldn’t radiate much power, but we were successful in actually registering a rodenticide chemical to kill these critters because of this radio tracking program.
Alan: Where’d you go to from there, Larry, as far as the tracking goes?
Larry: Well it just expanded into everything. We were part of the AID Program; actually I was hired under the Agency for International Development funding. So we were working all over the world and we built a lot of transmitters for rodents and coyotes, and all kinds of problem species. We never worked on big game species; that was not part of the program. A lot of my work was involved with the Endangered Species Program. So we were doing endangered species like the Kirtland’s warbler, black snakes back east, polar bears, sea turtles, quelea finch in Africa, eagles, hawks, condors; the work just expanded over the years. I was the only electrical engineer as far as I know in the entire Fish and Wildlife Service; we had the only electronics lab.
Mark: We have some of the old condor radio transmitters here in the archives; they’re huge.
Larry: Yeah. Depending on the vintage they could weigh over 100 grams.
Mark: Yeah, yeah.
Larry: Yeah, we did that; it was kind a crash program; that condor program had contracted with an engineer in Illinois to build those transmitters and they had to be built by January of the year, I don’t remember the year. He defaulted in December. We received a call saying they had to have the transmitters by January 1st, could we do it. So we set priorities and built those transmitters and had them to the biologist by January, you know we worked through holidays and everything getting that job done.
Mark: Larry, can I ask you, what was the technology like when you started this program and how did it change over the years you worked in it?
Larry: Are we talking about telemetry?
Mark: Yeah, telemetry. I just got fascinated; we will get to electrofishing, I promise.
Larry: Okay. Well like I said there was no equipment; nobody understood the circuits and how they might be improved with the new semiconductors. I went back through the literature to understand how the oscillators worked. Engineers using vacuum tubes had designed most of those circuits years before. The transition was that we now had transistors, and we could make them much smaller and 4
lighter, that was our main advantage. But, you know, we just kept improving the small transmitters. It was also important that we consider the weight of the components for the circuit designs. The weight of the batteries was especially critical when you’re attaching something to an animal.
Another aspect that most people don’t think about is the attachment method to the animal’s body because nobody had really worked on that problem. We had an enclosed flyway at the Denver Wildlife Research Center and we would try different attachments on birds by putting them on their tail feathers or wings or legs or necks or backs, trying to figure out where a bird could most easily carry the weight. We were bringing animals into the electronics lab where we could actually measure the radiated power from the transmitters when attached to the animal. I was probably one of the few engineers that had a live coyote in my electronics laboratory with a radio transmitter attached. We had sheep in the laboratory, all kinds of rodents, and birds. You know that was a really fun project.
Mark: You said two interesting things about the attachment and the weight. How did you get guidance on how to attach these things, like to wings or to fur and so on?
Larry: We would take the instrumented animals and watch their behavior. For example we would monitor birds in our 50-foot flyway. We would feed them a high protein diet and then force them to fly until they couldn’t fly anymore; we’d count the number of trips they could make back and forth in the flyway. We did this with different attachments, and in this way we could judge how tiring it was to use particular attachments on the birds. For the rodents we would observe if the transmitters interfered with their digging, feeding, or grooming. We determined that, in general, birds that were living in a given area and not in migration could carry about 3% of their body weight; however, if they were migrating, about1% of their body weight. For mammals, we were limiting our transmitters to 5% of the body weight; these are general rules of thumb that we just learned by trial and error.
Mark: That’s fascinating. I just read a whole book on wildlife telemetry and they never mentioned this at all.
Larry: This was all experimental because of our unique situations with cages, pens, flyways and biologists to handle it. Its was also convenient back in those early days that even I as an electrical engineer could grab a bird or a mammal; I didn’t have to have a enlist the help of a vet or file a 10 page protocol. Of course, that has all changed with animal handling regulations and paperwork. Just before retiring, my work on zebra mussels was halted by the animal care committee because I had not answered one of their protocol questions regarding the pain and suffering of zebra mussels to electrical shock.
Alan: Now Larry you did something, I seem to remember, with polar bears like some of the first satellite tracking. Am I right about that?
Larry: Oh yes, we had the opportunity to develop the first successful satellite tracking transmitter ever put on an animal. Actually, satellite tracking of animals had been tried in Yellowstone NP by Frank and John Craighead. They instrumented two elk on two different occasions with large satellite transmitters. Unfortunately, one elk died shortly after being instrumented, and a hunter apparently shot the other elk. These incidents reflected negatively on NASA’s image, and for a period of about 10 years, NASA refused to cooperate in any wildlife research.
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Then the Fish and Wildlife Service requested permission to put a satellite-locating transmitter on a polar bear. NASA agreed to this proposal. That was a project on which I worked; this would have been with the Nimbus 3 Satellite System. My first assignment was to evaluate the proposals submitted from companies that wanted the contract to build the bear transmitters. It was also decided that I should be prepared to use our conventional small transmitters as a backup for locating the bears from an aircraft. Three companies submitted proposals, and I selected the company that had no previous experience. The senior biologist really didn’t appreciate my selection. The two companies that I rejected were known for supplying satellite transmitters for attachment to ocean buoys, but I found technical flaws in their proposals. I picked a company with only two engineers that had previously been employed by Hewlett- Packard. Their proposal described very unique circuitry that allowed the weight of the transmitter to be reduced.
Since they had no animal experience, I agreed to design the battery power pack shaped into a molded urethane collar for attachment around the bear’s neck. And by darn, we pulled it off! We tracked, well several polar bears. One of the polar bears actually went passed Wrangel Island in Russia, which we did not expect. The bear actually wintered and probably had a cub on the islands north of Wrangel Island. That’s what we wanted to find was a polar bear in her den with her young; that was the whole purpose of the study. But, the Russians would not allow us over there to perform our work. Instead, they wanted to borrow our equipment so they could locate the bear, but this was all classified equipment from NASA. And so, it was a real standoff, and I have piles of newspaper articles that were written about this polar bear, and it generated an international incident that had to be handled by the state department. But anyway, the net result was that we tracked that female bear for about 1,000 miles, and the transmitter operated for almost a year. I designed the battery for a year of life, and it lasted about 360 days before the transmitter went off the air.
Mark: That’s amazing. I guess that was your other challenge too finding long-lived batteries?
Larry: Well about that time they came out with lithium batteries, and these of course are high capacity batteries that can operate at very cold temperatures. I tested those batteries down to about minus 100 degrees F, because the polar bears were living in temperatures down to minus 60 degrees F. I wanted to make sure that we didn’t lose the transmitter because of battery failure. We probably did some low temperature battery testing that nobody else was doing at that point in time.
Alan: So lithium did take the low temperatures pretty well then?
Larry: Oh yeah, it changed our lives when they came out with lithium batteries. I mean before we were using alkaline and mercury batteries on our transmitters, and they were very iffy; all a sudden we have lithium batteries with high capacity, low temperature reading, higher voltages, and transmitter designs were totally changed.
Alan: Did you do something similar then with sea turtles as well?
Larry: Actually my sea turtle escapade started before the polar bear. I was called by an engineer from National Marine Fisheries Service, and he said, “We’re raising baby sea turtles in Galveston; we raise them for three years, we put them in the ocean, and we have no idea if they survive. Can you build a transmitter for a sea turtle?” And I said, “Well you can’t transmit radio signals from underwater but I can put an antenna on it and 6
when the turtle is on the surface we can track it.” So that’s what I did, I built little transmitters into fishing float bubbles that you can buy at any store. We actually broke them apart, put our transmitter inside with a wire antenna sticking out of it. Then we tethered these bubbles behind the baby sea turtles. In this way were able to actually track these little baby sea turtles in the Gulf of Mexico to determine that ‘yes’ they were surviving and in fact they were doing quite well. Well with that history with NMFS, when they discovered that we had a polar bear transmitter that would hit a satellite they asked if I would build something similar for our sea turtles. Incidentally, NMFS had previously contracted for construction of a satellite transmitter from one of the companies whose proposal I had rejected, and their transmitter was an operational failure. So I took the basic circuitry from the polar bear transmitter and packaged it in a piece of sewer pipe that we attached by a tether to the carapace of a logger head turtle that we named Diane; she weighed about 350 pounds. Diane was released in the Gulf of Mexico where she spent about two months at the mouth of the Mississippi River. As winter approached, she started west towards Galveston and then moved south off the coast of Mexico. She wintered there in the warmer water, and in the spring of the year she started back north. Just before I went on vacation, I called the engineer at NASA and asked him to locate my sea turtle. He answered, “Well we’ve got a problem here. Go on vacation, I’ll tell you about it when you get back.” So when I came back, I called him and he said, “You know what, your transmitter’s in Galena, Kansas.” That’s a long way from the Gulf of Mexico. So I called the sheriff in Galena, Kansas and he went out and found the transmitter in a farmer’s yard, a dog was playing with it. The farmer had ignored the label requesting, “Please return to the Fish and Wildlife Service.” But the tether had obviously been cut; it had not fallen off the turtle. So we don’t know what happened to the turtle, but we did get our transmitter back. The transmitter was then taken to Florida and put on a green turtle. Within a couple weeks, the transmitter showed up in a guy’s garage. Again, the tether had been cut. A NMFS engineer attached the transmitter to another turtle in the Gulf, and the transmitter was eventually retrieved from a Mexican village. Again, nobody would admit to having killed or taken the turtle. So the transmitter had been on three different turtles and all three turtles disappeared. That operational transmitter could be found anywhere in the world by the NIMBUS satellite system.
Alan: Wow.
Mark: That’s a great story.
Alan: You know speaking of stories, Larry, you’ve got kind of a story, I think, about how as an electrical engineer you expected data to be very tight. And then you mentioned rats earlier that you all were looking at, and I think you did a study in the Philippines with rats and you might want to relate your impressions of the data and your boss’s, who is a biologist, impression of the data.
Larry: Okay. My supervisor wanted me to design a feeding monitor for rodents that could be placed in the field. As designed, the feeding station consisted of a waterproof platform measuring about 18 by 12 inches with about 8 inches in the middle that was covered for the placement of the food or bait. When a rodent climbed on the platform, from either end, a treadle would activate a switch to count the number of visits and accumulate the total visitation time. I did this with a component called an E-cell, which is probably not available any more. This work was accomplished before digital circuits, so this was a state of the art device at the time. I initiated a study in Denver in an enclosure 7
with a number of rice field rats. After a number of days, I removed the feeding stations and analyzed my data. My conclusion was that my results were inconsistent and pretty lousy. I went to my supervisor, Dr. Dan Thompson, and said, “Dan this is no good, you know, I didn’t do very well.” And Dan said, “Well let me look at the data.” A couple of days later he came back and said, “You have 90% correlation.” I said, “Correlations, what are you talking about?” I’d never had statistics. “This is the way we biologists work.” He was very pleased with the data and we used these devices over and over for a variety of studies.
Mark: Yes, us biologists are a sloppy lot. [laughing]
Alan: It’s like oh that’s…
Mark: That’s great. [laughing]
Alan: Another man’s trash is…
Larry: As an engineer, we weren’t even taught statistics because when you’re measuring physical things they repeat and as soon as you toss in the biology that’s a whole different game of wax.
Mark: That’s a great story too, Larry. Well should we move on to the electrofishing? I’m going to turn this part over to Alan, ‘cause he’s the subject matter expert on EF.
Larry: Okay.
Alan: Well okay we did have a course come out of the telemetry stuff too, the telemetry course.
Larry: I taught that telemetry class in the Philippines, Morocco, and the World Health Organization in Rome, where we had biologists from Africa come to learn how to instrument radio tracking equipment on lions, elephants, and all sorts of animals.
Alan: Wow.
Larry: I was also invited to present a telemetry workshop at a beautiful research center in Grimsӧ, Sweden. Judy went with me and we spent a month working with their equipment. We held a number of telemetry sessions with biologists from Norway, Denmark, and Finland. I also gave special talks to the military and homeland security.
Alan: I think you really had a lot to do with these companies forming up too, they all knew you.
Larry: Oh yeah. I was working with Motorola and other semi-conductor companies to develop special components like crystals and transistors. Actually, I was provided with my own part numbers and when equipment suppliers wanted to order them, they had to get my permission. And so yeah I knew them very well.
Alan: Well, there’s all kinds of good stories Larry talks about I can tell you. Okay well then switching to electrofishing then, Larry, you know you came on as a telemetry expert and an electrical engineer and that. And so then you were exposed, I mean that’s not a very good choice of words, but to the electrofishing course that was going on out of the Fisheries Academy, I think maybe back in 1978 or something like that. So would you talk about how you became involved with the electrofishing course.
Larry: Certainly, I like to do that; it’s kind of an interesting story. I have a note before
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Alan and Mark on Glass
No full textAs a test for the possible film series, Alan Macfarlane and Mark Turin discuss the role and effects of glass in history
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Alan and Mark in conversation
No full textTo test some of the potentials for a possible film series, Alan Macfarlane and Mark Turin are filmed in King's College, Cambridge. They discuss some of the general questions which might be covered in the series and Mark talks briefly about Alan's potential as a contributor
Faculty recital: Alan Weiss, Andrés Díaz, and Mark Kroll, November 28, 1994
No full textThis is the concert program of the Faculty recital: Alan Weiss, Andrés Díaz, and Mark Kroll performance on Monday, November 28, 1994 at 8:00 p.m., at the Tsai Performance Center, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts. Works performed were Sonata in F minor for Flute and Continuo by Georg Phillip Telemann, Yizkor and Anima Aeterna by Robert Starer, Assobio a Játo by Heitor Villa-Lobos, Trio for Flute and Continuo in E-flat major, Op. 63 by Ferdinand Ries, and Sonata in E major for Flute and Continuo, BWV 1035 by Johann Sebastian Bach. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund
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A symposium to mark the retirement of Alan Macfarlane
No full textA symposium to mark the retirement of Professor Alan Macfarlane from the Department of Social Anthropolog
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Alan and Mark on Water Mills
No full textTo experiment with the potentials for a film series, Alan Macfarlane and Mark Turin are filmed at Lode watermill. They discuss some of the effects of the development of water mills
Well-known trade mark protection: confusion in EU and Japan
No full textIn this thesis concerning the protection of well-known trade marks against confusion in the European Community Trade Mark (CTM) and Japanese trademark systems, the author critically considers the difficulties in comprehensively defining ‘well-known trade mark’ in the relevant international trade mark instruments. After critical analysis of various definitions of both ‘trade mark’ and ‘well-known trade mark’, she undertakes a comparison of the definitions of the parallel concepts of ‘trade mark of repute’ and ‘syuchi-syohyo’, and also undertakes an assessment as to the extent to which these trade marks are protected against confusion and kondo in the CTM and Japanese systems, respectively. It is concluded that the protection of well- known trade marks against confusion in the CTM and Japan cannot be said to be completely clear, and the author identifies some areas for legal refor
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